Holocaust

transcript

“Holocaust”“Holocaust”

•from the Greek word holókauston

•olon ="completely" •kauston ="burnt"

•from the Greek word holókauston

•olon ="completely" •kauston ="burnt"

Map of Europe showing the total Jewish population of each country in 1939.

Joseph Stalin – 25 million killed a killer twice as big as Hitler

• Stalin’s Purges and Forced Famine [1932-1938]• Stalin systematically killed approximately 25 million people from

1930-1958

• Estimated Death Toll: – 2,000,000 Jews– 5-8 million Ukrainians – 14-15 million Soviet peasants – 10 million political dissidents– The combined tragedy of the Soviet’s political

genocide exceeds even the scope of the Nazi Holocaust.

• Today’s revolts in Chechnya, Georgia and other former republics of the U.S.S.R., have deep roots in the atrocities of the Stalin era.

Rise of the Nazi Party (1918-1933) Nazification (1933-1939)The Ghettos (1939-1941)The Camps (1941-1942)Resistance (1942-1944)Rescue and Liberation (1944-1945) Aftermath (1945-2007)

In total, the Nazis established 356 ghettos in Poland, the Soviet Union, the Baltic States, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Hungary between 1939 and 1945.

Jews were not allowed to leave the so-called "Jewish residential districts," under penalty of death.

In total, the Nazis established 356 ghettos in Poland, the Soviet Union, the Baltic States, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Hungary between 1939 and 1945.

Jews were not allowed to leave the so-called "Jewish residential districts," under penalty of death.

All ghettos had the most appalling, inhuman living conditions.

The smallest ghetto housed approximately 3,000 people. Warsaw, the largest ghetto, held 400,000 people. Lódz, the second largest, held about 160,000.

All ghettos had the most appalling, inhuman living conditions.

The smallest ghetto housed approximately 3,000 people. Warsaw, the largest ghetto, held 400,000 people. Lódz, the second largest, held about 160,000.

The Nazis undertook to liquidate the ghettos as they began full implementation of "The Final Solution to the Jewish Question" in 1942. Massive deportations of Jews to concentration and death camps continued until the summer of 1944. By that time, almost all of the ghettos had been liquidated.

There were a)concentration camps, b)forced labor camps, c)extermination or d)death camps, e)transit camps, and f)prisoner-of-war camps. The living conditions of all camps were brutal.

• Nazis used mobile killing squads called Einsatzgruppen. • By the time Himmler ordered a halt to the shooting in the fall of 1942, they had murdered approximately 1,500,000 Jews. • The death camps proved to be a better, faster, less personal method for killing

•Wannsee Conference - January 1942

•Reinhard Heydrich held a meeting of Nazi government officials

•Presented the Final Solution, the mass murder plot of 11 million Jews and 30 million Slavs

•Wannsee Conference - January 1942

•Reinhard Heydrich held a meeting of Nazi government officials

•Presented the Final Solution, the mass murder plot of 11 million Jews and 30 million Slavs

DEATH TOLLS• Treblinka - 750,000 Jews• Belzec - 550,000 Jews• Sobibór - 200,000 Jews• Chelmno - 150,000Jews• Lublin/Majdanek - 50,000 Jews• Auschwitz - 1 million Jews and 1 million non-Jews.

• VICTIMS• PERPETRATORS• BYSTANDERS• RESISTERS• RESCUERS• LIBERATORS• SURVIVORS• CHILDREN

• JEWS • Roma (Gypsies)• Poles and other Slavs• Political Dissidents & Clergy• Physical and Mentally handicapped• Jehovah’s Witnesses• Homosexuals• Others

JEWS • Boycotts of Jewish businesses seemed logical• Ghettos – Hitler used these to get Jewish people herded together so he could more easily transport them to the camps• Camps – concentration and death camps where most died a tragic death

ROMA - GYPSIES• Believed they were of an inferior race• did not want them to “breed” with Germans and thus weaken the Aryan race• treated them the same as Jews

JEHOVAH’S WITNESSES• 20,000 in Germany in 1933• would not salute flag, Hitler or join the army• 10,000 sent to concentration camps• 2,500-5,000 died

• Adolf Eichmann- SS LTC, Organized “Final Solution”, escaped after war however found and sentenced to death in 1961

• Hans Frank – Nazi Governor of Poland, sent 85% of Jews to death camps, executed in 1946

•Joseph Goebbels – Propaganda minister – headed the burning of Berlin and Kristallnacht, killed his family & himself

• Herman Goring – Hitler’s successor, CIC Luftwaffe, President of Reichstag, sentenced to death, committed suicide

•Heinrich Himmler- Head of SS & Gestapo, in charge of concentration and death camps

• Joseph Mengele – Auschwitz physician, medical experiments, escaped to Argentina & Paraguay. He was hunted down by Israeli agents and his body was found in 1986 in Brazil.

Most Germans were not soldiersMost Germans were not Jews

Most Germans did not dieMost Germans just watched

Mr. Mulford

The average German citizen watched the Jewish people and others go from being boycotted, to being herded into Ghetto’s and then shipped off to concentration camps. Only at the end did they understand the full impact, and then still some could not believe the Holocaust had actually happened.

Indifference is not so much a gesture of looking away--of

choosing to be passive--as it is an active disinclination to feel.

Indifference shuts down the humane, and does it

deliberately, with all the strength deliberateness

demands. Indifference is as determined--and as forcefully

muscular--as any blow.

Cynthia Ozick

First they came for the communists, and I did not speak out

because I was not a communist.Then they came for the socialists, and I did not

speak outbecause I was not a socialist.

Then they came for the labor leaders, and I did not speak out

because I was not a labor leader.Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak

outbecause I was not a Jew.

Then they came for me, and there was no oneleft to speak out for me.

The Reverend Martin Niemöller, a pastor in the German Confessing Church who spent seven years in a concentration camp.

Rescuers are those who, at great personal risk, actively helped members of

persecuted groups, primarily Jews, during the Holocaust in defiance of Third Reich policy. They were ordinary people who

became extraordinary people because they acted in accordance with their own belief

systems while living in an immoral society. Thousands survived the Holocaust because of the daring of these rescuers. Although in

total their number is statistically small, rescuers were all colossal people.

Rescuers are those who, at great personal risk, actively helped members of

persecuted groups, primarily Jews, during the Holocaust in defiance of Third Reich policy. They were ordinary people who

became extraordinary people because they acted in accordance with their own belief

systems while living in an immoral society. Thousands survived the Holocaust because of the daring of these rescuers. Although in

total their number is statistically small, rescuers were all colossal people.

RESCUE STEPSFirst, a rescuer had to recognize that a

person was endangered Next, rescuers had to decide whether or

not to assume the responsibility of helping and risk the potential consequences

Lastly they took action!

RESCUE STEPSFirst, a rescuer had to recognize that a

person was endangered Next, rescuers had to decide whether or

not to assume the responsibility of helping and risk the potential consequences

Lastly they took action!

There are 350,000 survivors of the Holocaust alive today...

There are 350,000 experts who just want to be useful with the remainder of their lives. Please

listen to the words and the echoes and the ghosts. And please teach

this in your schools.

--Steven Spielberg, Academy Award acceptance speech

There are 350,000 survivors of the Holocaust alive today...

There are 350,000 experts who just want to be useful with the remainder of their lives. Please

listen to the words and the echoes and the ghosts. And please teach

this in your schools.

--Steven Spielberg, Academy Award acceptance speech

Inner Exile: Life in Hiding Life in hiding from the Nazis was a daily

struggle. Those hidden lived in constant terror of being discovered.

People in hiding were discovered frequently. The consequences of being found for hiders and those hiding them

were grave, often resulting in brutal death at the hands of special police

squads.

Inner Exile: Life in Hiding Life in hiding from the Nazis was a daily

struggle. Those hidden lived in constant terror of being discovered.

People in hiding were discovered frequently. The consequences of being found for hiders and those hiding them

were grave, often resulting in brutal death at the hands of special police

squads.

Exile: Flight in and through EuropeMany survivors either sensed the danger

awaiting them if they stayed in their hometowns across Europe, or were

forced to leave their homes. For those who left, it often meant that they

would see their friends and relatives for the last time. Life in exile was full of

fear and uncertainty.

Exile: Flight in and through EuropeMany survivors either sensed the danger

awaiting them if they stayed in their hometowns across Europe, or were

forced to leave their homes. For those who left, it often meant that they

would see their friends and relatives for the last time. Life in exile was full of

fear and uncertainty.

Death Factories and Forced Labor The chances of surviving the war in any of the

Nazi death, concentration, or labor camps were slim to none. Those who did survive are

the sole witnesses to the horrors put into action behind the barbed electric fences

surrounding Nazi compounds. Their stories remind us of the atrocities humans are

capable of when led to believe those who are different from them are sub-human or

otherwise undesirable.

Death Factories and Forced Labor The chances of surviving the war in any of the

Nazi death, concentration, or labor camps were slim to none. Those who did survive are

the sole witnesses to the horrors put into action behind the barbed electric fences

surrounding Nazi compounds. Their stories remind us of the atrocities humans are

capable of when led to believe those who are different from them are sub-human or

otherwise undesirable.

FACES OF THE HOLOCAUST

WALKING TO THE WARSAW GHETTO

WARSAW GHETTO

JEWS STAND IN LINE - WARSAW GHETTO

WARSAW GHETTO JEWISH POLICE

WARSAW GHETTO UPRISING CAPTIVES

CHILDREN HEADED TO DEATH CAMPS

LIBERATED JEWISH CHILDREN

CHILDREN STARVED TO DEATH

DR. MENGELE’S CHILD EXPERIMENTS

EXECUTIONS

Holocaust

Education