Post on 19-Jan-2016
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Horizontal Completion Design and Work Overs
Heavy Oil Recovery
IntroductionHeavy oil’s viscosity is the property which is usually reduced to allow fluids to flow and be produced. Thermal methods are employed however they required special well considerations because of the high temperature they face. Well considerations are:• Drilling stable boreholes & accurately landing horizontal
wells• Designing tubular systems • Using durable cements • Installing sand control,• Completion and artificial lift equipment
Scope of Presentation
• Heavy Oil Recovery Techniques• Benefits of Horizontal Wells• Casing & Tubing• Cementing• Sand Control• Artificial Lift• Workovers• Advancements in Completion Equipment• Feasibility of Horizontal Completions & Workovers in
Trinidad• Conclusion/Recommendations
Heavy Oil Recovery Techniques
Open Pit Mining
Non-Mining
Thermal
CSS
SAGD
THAI
Chemical
VAPEX
Non-Thermal
CHOPS
PPT
MEOR
Benefits of Horizontal Wells?
Benefits include:• Horizontal makes more efficient use of reservoir
pressure• Thin low permeability reservoirs• Layered formations• Partially depleted and flooded reservoirs can be more
effectively drained• Horizontal can produce at higher rates at similar
drawdown or similar rate at lower drawdown• Horizontal delays coning (cresting) in case of bottom
water drive reservoir
Horizontal Completions
The most important aspects of completions for thermal heavy oil wells either injection wells or production wells are:
• Casing & Tubing design • Cementing • Sand control• Artificial Lift
Casing & Tubing
• Higher Strength Casing• Insulated Tubing• Thermal Tubing Packer• Thermal Wellhead• Centralizers• Pre tensioned Casing• Casing threading
Cementing
• Centralizers• Cement with high concentrations of Silica flour
& Alumina.• Good cement practices
Sand Control
• Stand-alone Screens• Slotted Liners• Pre-packed Screens• Wire Wrapped Screens• Premium Screens• Gravel Packing
• Reciprocating Rod Lift Systems• Progressing Cavity Pumping Systems• Electric Submersible Pumping Systems• Hydraulic Lift Systems
Artificial Lift
WorkoversOf all the problems that can occur during production, three stand out the most: equipment failure, wellbore problems, and saltwater disposal.
There are 4 different types of workovers and they are caused by:
• Mechanical Problems• Well Blockage• Near Field Problems• Far Field Problems
Advancements in Completion Equipment
• Schlumberger - The REDA Hotline high-temperature ESP system
• SCI Construction Materials Group - White High Alumina Cement (WHAC)
• Schlumberger – OptiPac Alternate Path Screens
• Schlumberger - MRP Modular Retrievable Packer for ESP Completions
Feasibility in Trinidad
• Excellent for thin bedded pay zones• Excellent technical skills in directional drilling• Productivity enhancement (as much as 10 to 20 fold
higher)• Fewer wells per section• Fewer gathering systems• Better well monitoring & hence better reservoir
management• Longer well life & less Workovers• Good sand control available for Trinidad’s
unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs
Conclusion/Recommendations
• Productivity of horizontal wells is 3–4 times that of vertical wells.
• Added benefit of having to drill less wells to produce a reservoir.
• Used where the vertical well normally cannot be drilled. • Using the combination of horizontal and vertical wells can
greatly improve recovery.• Makes more efficient use of reservoir pressure.• Delays coning (cresting) in case of bottom water drive
reservoir.• Most EOR methods require the use of horizontal
completions.
ReferencesBooks
• Ali, Farouq S.M.1997.Practical Heavy Oil Recovery, first edition, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, • Journals• Beakley, W.B. 1965. The Hardware of Steam Injection. Paper 65-006: 9-13
Papers• Joshi, S.D. 2003. Cost/Benefits of Horizontal Wells. Paper SPE 83621 presented at the SPE Regional AAPG
Pacific Section Joint Meeting, California, U.S.A, 19-24 May.• Brunnings, C. 2005. New Completion Developments for the production of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Oil in
Eastern Venezuela. Paper SPE/PS-CIM/CHOA 97914 presented at SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium Held in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 1-3 November.
• Bianco, L.C. et al. 2006. Challenges on Completion for Productivity for Deepwater Heavy Oil. Paper SPE 9342 presented at SPE International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control held in Lafayette, L.A, 15-17 Febuary.
• Martins, A.L. 2009. Sand Control in Long Horizontal Section Wells. Paper OTC 20113 presented at the Offshore Technology Conference held in Houston, Texas, U.S.A, 4-7 May.
• Cunha, L.B. 2005. Recent In-Situ Oil Recovery Technologies for Heavy and Extra-heavy Oil Reserves. Paper SPE 94986 presented at SPE Latin America and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 20-23 June.