How many of the countries surrounding CHINA can you name?

National Anthem

CASE STUDY 1

Borders:

Afghanistan 76 km,

Bhutan 470 km,

Burma 2,185 km,

India 3,380 km,

Kazakhstan 1,533 km,

North Korea 1,416 km,

Kyrgyzstan 858 km,

Laos 423 km,

Mongolia 4,677 km,

Nepal 1,236 km,

Pakistan 523 km,

Russia (northeast) 3,605 km,

Russia (northwest) 40 km,

Tajikistan 414 km,

Vietnam 1,281 km

Add these places onto your Asia map:

China Mongolia

India Philippines

Russia Indonesia

Japan Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean

And while you are waiting for others to finish, keep adding places you have heard of.

Did you know:

The Great Wall of China is ……km long

Shanghai has …. million people.

Bamboo can grow ….metre(s) a day.

….% of the population (over 15 yrs old) can read and write

China is the … st/nd/rd/th largest country in the world.

There are only ………………. pandas left in the world, most in China

…% of the population are obese

Chinese people earn, on average, $ …….. a year

….. Million people in China live on under $2 a day

China’s richest person is worth $….billion.

1

9

8,000

17

600

5,000

3

4

92

1000

Did you know:

The Great Wall of China is 5,000 km long

Shanghai has 17 million people.

Bamboo can grow 1 metre a day.

92% of the population (over 15 yrs old) can read and write

China is the 4th largest country in the world in land area.

There are only 1600 Pandas left in the world, most in China

3 % of the population are obese

Chinese people earn, on average, $ 8000 a year

600 million people in China live on under $2 a day

China’s richest person is worth $9 billion.

Watch China

• The world's population changes

China is an over-populated country. What does over-population mean?

• When a country is so densely populated that it leads to environmental degradation

• When there are a high number of people in a country• When there are too many people, relative to the resources and

technology available, to maintain an adequate standard of living

Why is Mai Ling an unhappy little girl?

Why can’t Xiao Ming find a girlfriend?

Correlation or causation?

China’s One Child Policy

OXYGEN ACTIVITY:

Stand up. Sit down if you are an only child.

Then – Sit down if you are the first born in your family. Only those sitting would be allowed in China.

Now - JOURNEYMAN 25 MINS: Watch the clip.

CHINA’S ONE CHILD POLICY – video questions

Population has hit…………….. billion in 2005.Why was this population total seen as a success?What are the consequences of having two children?Why did the old couple want two?What happens to many women who get pregnant a second time?What is the ‘social compensation fee’ they talk about and how much is it?Mao Zedong – what was population in 1949 when he came to power? By 1979 the population was what?How long has the one child policy been in place?Is Beijing’s population higher than Manila’s? Yes No Fact:

• Can families have two children now? Which families? Why can they?

• Why are people concerned about a whole generation of only children?

• What services does the large manufacturing company provide?

• How is the policy different in the countryside?

• What are some of the health benefits of the policy?

• How has the imbalance between the sexes (more boys than girls) been caused?

• In the areas filmed, how many boys were there for every 100 girls?

• What are ‘red packets’ and why are they seen by many Chinese as necessary?

• What things happened to the elderly couple’s second child, the baby girl?

• What are ‘bare branches’?

• What is the programme offering cash and other incentives to families who have daughters called?

• How does it work?

• What reasons did the girl give for her mother wanting a boy?

• When will China’s population peak (reach its highest before it starts to fall)?

Time’s history of the One Child Policy

• http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1912861,00.html,1912861,00.html

The Carrot or the Stick?

• Prevention of pregnancy• Termination of births • Birth bonuses (cash/goods) • Family planning clinics • Lowered tax rates with increased number of children • Financial incentives • Promoting sterilization • Legalization of abortion • Enforced sterilization/abortion • Free contraception • Favoured treatment for housing, education, medical and other social

welfare benefits • Investment in sex education • Advertising/media/propaganda • Laws demanding that employers offer more support to working families

such as creche facilities, parental leave for men and women • Encourage later marriages

Anti-natal incentives and disincentives: in general

Sort out the anti-natal methods and list them here

Pro-natal (generally MEDCs / LEDCs ) Anti-natal (generally MEDCs / LEDCs )

Birth bonuses (cash/goods) Lowered tax rates with increased number of children Financial incentives Advertising/media/propaganda Free creche facilitiesLong paid maternity leavePaternity leaveAdoption encouraged

Prevention of pregnancyTermination of births Family planning clinics Financial incentives Promoting sterilization Legalization of abortion Enforced sterilization/abortion Free contraception Favoured treatment for housing, education, medical and other social welfare benefits Investment in sex education Advertising/media/propaganda Encourage later marriages

From the graph, has the policy been successful – was the fertility rate declining before the policy and did it continue to decline after the introduction of the policy?

Population structure

• Population pyramid for China animated

Narrow / wide top which suggests

Straight or near vertical sides/ concave slope

which indicates

Bulge in the … age group which may be

from…

Narrowing / widening base which indicates

Countries at each stage?

Graph that matches this? Paste it in.

IB question:

Describe and explain the main features of the projected population structure in China for 2050. (6)

Exam question

Gender imbalance• Watch the clip

• Read the article: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8451289.stm

Gender imbalance

•What has caused this in China?

•What is the birth ratio in China at the moment?

•What are the effects of the imbalance?

What are the consequences of the gender imbalance in China?

POPULATION PYRAMIDSPOPULATION PYRAMIDS

What else do these pyramids show?

Population pyramids

• PRB clip

• http://populationmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/youthquake.pdf?phpMyAdmin=e11b8b687c20198d9ad050fbb1aa7f2f

Stage 4 – why is the population increasing?

Stage 4

BR?

DR?

Population momentum

The tendency for population to grow despite a fall in the BR or fertility rate. It occurs because of a relatively high concentration of people in the pre-childbearing and childbearing age groups.

As these people grow older they will have children and the BR will exceed the DR until these people are elderly.

Explain how population momentum also leads to the population decreasing despite a rise in the BR.

Can you find any graphs to show where population momentum is going to be significant?

Momentum clip

What is the impact of population momentum on population projections?

Why is China’s population going to continue to grow for some time to come?

Projecting the population – why is it hard to do?

What are the different UN predictions for world population growth? Find a graph.

Why are they so different?

China: why is it hard to predict China’s population trends over the next few decades?

IB question: Explain population momentum and its impact on population projections.

Which age groups in society are dependent on other age groups?

Where does a government get its money?

Who are the dependents?

Which age group do they depend on?

Dependency ratiosThe dependency ratio measures the working population and the dependent population.

It is the ratio of dependents (people younger than 15 or older than 64) to the working-age population (those ages 15-64).

Dependency calculations

Ageing population – what are the issues? Click.

Ageing populations

COUNTRY JAPAN MALAWI PHILIPPINES NETHERLANDS CHINA

> 64

< 15

15-64

DEPENDENCY RATIO

OLDER DEPENDENCY RATIOthe number of people 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64

Pros and cons of an ageing population

Pros and cons• May have work skills needed• Burden on carers• Reduced demand for goods as often ‘savers’ not ‘spenders’• Old age homes and staff required• Are already trained• Funding of prolonged retirement needed (pensions and healthcare)• Some employers prefer this age group to younger employees• May look after grandchildren allowing the children’s parents to work

(granny culture)• New leisure facilities needed which is expensive• Provide a need for certain services and the jobs connected with

them e.g. holiday companies, health care workers (grey economy)• May lead to migration of industry overseas• Falling demand for schools and teachers• Depletion of the labour force

To read: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/busin

ess/4450450.stm

Youthful populations

Benefits of a youthful population

Disadvantages of a youthful population

   

Which country has the most youthful population? Why is this?

Advantages and disadvantages

PositivesThe good things about having a youthful population are that there are lots of potential workers for the future.  If there is a natural resource or industry that needs lots of labour, it can be in bountiful supply.  This then generates tax income for the country.  The reality is that many countries that have youthful populations do not have adequate economic activities to realise this potential.

IssuesThere is high dependency in countries that have youthful populations.  This means that there are lots of children reliant on few adults to provide for their needs.  This hits the tax base of a country and also means that the few resources countries have are inadequate.  This means that vital services such as education, health and sanitation can suffer.

Recent changes

• Al Jazeera clip

Evaluate the success of China’s one child policy.

Evaluate means: weigh up the strengths and limitations and make a decision based on them

So – how successful has China‘s policy been?

Introduction

Background to the policy

What did the policy entail?

Population statistics for before and after

What unintended effects did the policy have?

Final conclusion and justification

Birth rates

Fertility rates

Natural increase

Infanticide

Male female distribution

Life expectancy

Equality between different groups

Wealth

Crime

Kidnapping

Obesity

Little emperor syndrome

Migration

• http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/china-business/10221730/China-to-ditch-its-one-child-policy-as-ageing-crisis-looms.html

Simple revision for population and China:

http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/geography/population

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/population/

managing_population_rev1.shtml