How to Manage a Classroom with the BYOD Approach

transcript

LaSalle College: Ped Day 2017 October 6th, 2017

Rafael Scapin, Ph.D.Coordinator of Educational Technology

Dawson College

• The Concept: What’s BYOD?

• LaSalle College BYOD Policy

• Classroom Management Theories

• The Use of Technology in Classroom Management

• Best Practices

• Questions

Content

Traditional Classroom (1350)

By Laurentius de Voltolina - The Yorck Project: 10.000 Meisterwerke der Malerei. DVD-ROM, 2002. ISBN 3936122202. Distributed by DIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=160060

Traditional Classroom (Last Century)

Traditional Classroom

Active Learning Classroom

https://www.dawsoncollege.qc.ca/active-learning-classroom/

Active Learning Classroom

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7xidmVt0uE

Disruption in the Classroom (Past)

Disruption in the Classroom (Today)

Bring Your Own ____

In Montreal, you can can bring your own bottle(BYOB) to many restaurants:

Bring Your Own ____

Restaurants in Newfoundland have started a new thing:

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)

Bring your own device (BYOD) refers to technologymodels where students bring a personally owned deviceto school for the purpose of learning.

A personally owned device is any technology devicebrought into the school and owned by a student (or thestudent’s family), staff or guests.

BYOD: Definition

In French: • Apportez Votre Appareil Numérique,• Prenez vos appareils personnels – PAP• Apportez votre équipement personnel de communication – AVEC

BYOD in Education

BYOD Issues

BYOD: Pros and Cons

LaSalle College BYOD Policy

Acceptable Use

• Students may be blocked from accessing certain websites during class hours

• Devices may not be used to store or transmit illict or illegal content

• Harass others• Engage outside buiness activities

Students may use their personal and mobile devices to:

• Browse any content related to their classes• Use the school Learning Management System (Léa)

Device and Support

• Connectivity Issues (wi-fi) are supported by IT Services.

• The college is not responsible for operating systems orhardware-related issues

• Students’ personal devices must be configured with standardapps (browsers, office productivity software and securitytools)

Security

• In order to prevent unauthorized access, devices must bepassword protected.

• Students are prevented from downloading, installing andusing any app that’s not related to the class.

• The college is not responsible for any harm caused to thesedevices

Risks/ Liabilities/ Disclaimers

• It’s the student’s and the teacher’s responsability to takeadditional precautions, such as backing up files, projects,emails, contacts or other on cloud-based websites(Omnivox, OneDrive, Google Drive)

Case Discussion in Groups

Case Study

In the class of Mr. Smith, Jane is a very nice and quiet student.She does not bother the class. However, Jane spends her timeduring the course on her cellphone, which is not banned inclass.

She does not make any effort and never finishes the workrequested, she is content to be present and have fun on herphone in the course.

Her classmates, who have known her for a few months, and areunable to collaborate with her, simply do the work required inthe activities without her. Jane does not make any progress inschool.

Questions

1. What should the teacher do with: Jane,her colleagues and the class?

2. What are the most important classroommanagement actions for you?

Classroom Management

Classroom Management: The Beginnning

Classroom management is a term teachers use todescribe the process of ensuringthat classroom lessons run smoothly despitedisruptive behavior by students.

The term also implies the prevention of disruptivebehavior.

Evolution of Classroom Management• Metacognition and Critical Thinking• Management of the use of TM• Team Management (Active Learning Classroom)

Active Classroom Management Techniques• Old models (from the 1970s)• In the presence of mobile technologies• New teaching methods centered on the student

Classroom Management Theories

“Do not train children to learningby force and harshness, but directthem to it by what amuses theirmind, so that you may be betterable to discover with accuracythe peculiar bent of the genius ofeach.”

• Behavior Management Theory: B.F. Skinner (1960)

• Lesson Management: Jacob Kounin (1970)

• Assertive Discipline: Lee Canter (1976)

• Choice Theory: William Glasser (1998)

• Student Directed Learning: Alfie Kohn (2006)

• Orchestration: Pierre Dillenbourg (2010)

• Author of “The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching”(1954).

• Father of behavior modification in the classroom

• He believed that a student’s behavior could be reshaped through the use of reinforcements.

• His work is based upon the idea that learning is a function ofchange in overt behavior.

• According to Skinner, changes in behavior are a result ofindividuals’ responses to events, or stimuli, that occur in theirenvironment.

• When a stimulus-response (S-R) pattern is rewarded, theindividual is conditioned to respond similarly in the future.

• The key to Skinner’s theory is reinforcement, or anything thatstrengthens the desired response.

Behavior Management Theory: Skinner (1960)

• Skinner’s work in operant conditioning has been integrated intoboth classroom management and instructional development.When applied to programmed instruction, the following shouldoccur:

• Practice should occur in a question-answer format that exposesstudents to information gradually through a series of steps.

• The learner should respond each time and receive immediatefeedback.

• Good performance should be paired with secondary reinforcerslike praise, prizes and good grades.

• Instructors should try to arrange questions by difficulty so theresponse is always correct, creating positive enforcement.

Behavior Management Theory: Skinner (1960)

Behavior Management In the Classroom

Teacher Praises Teacher ApprovalInstant Reward

Providing Compliments, approval and encouragement. Ratio of five compliments for every one criticism is seen as the most effective in altering behavior in a desired manner.

Lesson Management: Jacob Kounin (1970)

First detailed scientific analysis of the relationshipbetween teacher and student behavior.

Three major dimensions:• withitness or "having eyes behind the head"• overlapping or "teacher's ability to participate in twoevents at the same time"• smoothness or "the absence of sudden change thatmay cause students to stop an activity and initiateanother in a timely manner or to hinder their thought"

Lesson Management: Jacob Kounin (1970)

It is necessary :

• continue the momentum or "the rhythm of theactivity".

• learning-related variety or "diversity of activitiesproposed to students to prevent students fromreaching a state of saturation where boredom leadsthem to disengage

Case Study According to Kounin1. Observe Jane and show her that her deviant behavioris perceived.

2. Approach her physically in the classroom and ask herquestions to involve her.

3. Provide interesting, varied and challenging learningactivities that lead the entire group to participate toengage it.

4. Suggest Jane help with the designated tasks and askher what else how to help.

Case Study According to Kounin5. Speak to Jane during group discussions to get herinvolved in the activities.

6. Start by asking her simple questions that require yesor no answers and encourage her little by little.

6. Recognize the progress that Jane makes even if theyare minimal and challenge her to do even more.

7. Assign Jane's responsibilities within the group andnot leave her aside because she refuses to work, do notallow her time to be distracted.

Assertive Discipline: Canter (1976)

Teachers implement a clear structure and organization

to their classroom

• Every facet of the class environment is controlled by the teacher

• Rules are carefully chosen and are clearly understood by students

• Teacher expectations are known and explicitly stated• There are positive and negative consequences

dependent on student behavior• Acknowledgement and praise to reinforce positive

behavior in students

Assertive Discipline: Canter (1976)

Environment Modifications:

• Classroom rules and expectations are posted and easily accessible for students to refer to.

Choice Theory: William Glasser (1998)

William Glasser, who developed ChoiceTheory, believed that students aremotivated by four basic needs:

belonging, power, freedom and fun

If teachers can create an environment that satisfiesthese needs, Choice Theory states that students will beable to exercise self-control, thereby eliminating theneed for teacher-imposed discipline to manage theclassroom.

Choice Theory: Glasser (1998)

In a Choice Theory classroom

Teachers:• create a “kind” environment• expose students to different ideas and guide students in

exploring areas of interest• follow through on rules and regulations agreed upon by

teacher and students together • provide differentiation options, thereby benefiting

exceptional learners, since each student is allowed to pursue his or her own interests.

In a Choice Theory classroom

Students:• actively participate in setting up rules and regulations

for the classroom• explore concepts that motivate them and are

intrinsically interesting to them• accept teacher guidance in understanding the choices

they make

The Classroom: Reflects student interests

Two dimensions:

1. Satisfaction of basic needs: survival, belonging, power, pleasure and freedom. Cooperation fosters the satisfaction of needs.

2. The teaching style of the teacher: proposing activitiesstimulate students, and help them, privileged way to carry out the activity.

Case Study According to Glasser

1. Analyze the classroom curriculum and environment toensure that the needs for belonging, power, pleasure andfreedom of Jane are satisfied.

2. Discuss the issue with Jane, without reprimanding herand having Jane's opinion on the problem of herdisengagement and what the teacher can do to help.

3. Explain to Jane that the teacher knows she has difficultyengaging in teaching activities.

4. Ask Jane if there is anything you can do to make thecourse more interesting for her, if there is something shewould like to do more particularly in the classroom or inher group and if she would like to do it for a while.

5. Ask Jane or make her realize if there is something thatinterested her more than others and that she would like toknow more and offer her assistance so that she knowsmore about this subject that interests her.

6. Ask Jane to suggest a different way of doing the coursethat would make her want to learn more.

7. Do not show disapproval and not punish Jane, butrather strive to communicate with she to each course in afriendly tone of various subjects. Make her understandthat the teacher is interested in her and would like tohelp her succeed.

Student Directed Learning: Alfie Kohn (2006)

Student-Directed Learning (SDL) reflects a constructivist approach to learning and discipline rather than a behaviorist approach. Alfie Kohn, its developer, states:

Corollary: Students will have little opportunity to do that kind of learning if teachers and administrators try to control or manage their behavior.”

“Axiom: Students learn how to make good choices by making choices, not by following directions.

The Classroom/Environmental Modifications:

• Teacher should be circulating among students

• Classroom discussions should be conducted by students, not teacher

Student Directed Learning: Alfie Kohn 2006

Classroom Management Strategies

• Create a positive learning environment.• Create a caring community where students

collaboratively work together to solve problems.• Active participation, high interest activities, and

discovery.• Rewards are unnecessary• Provide opportunities for students to help students• Demonstrate patience as student discovers their

learning style and strengths

https://youtu.be/EQt-ZI58wpw

Orchestration: Pierre Dillenbourg (2010)

Orchestration refers to how a teacher manages in real-time multi-layered activities in a multi-constraints context.

Many pedagogical scenarios integrate individual activities(e.g. reading), teamwork (e.g. problem solving) and class-wide activities (e.g. lectures.).

Some of these activities are computer-based, some not;some are face-to-face while others are on-line.

Good for Active Learning Classrooms

Classroom Management Apps

Orchestration refers to how a teacher manages in real-time multi-layered activities in a multi-constraints context.

Many pedagogical scenarios integrate individual activities(e.g. reading), teamwork (e.g. problem solving) and class-wide activities (e.g. lectures.).

Some of these activities are computer-based, some not;some are face-to-face while others are on-line.

Good for Active Learning Classrooms

This pedagogical integration is mirrored by the technicalintegration of different tools (simulations, quizzes, wikis,etc.) distributed over multiple artefacts (laptops,sensors, tablets). These integrated scenarios require formsof management referred to as orchestration.

Orchestration originates in some frustration. Why aretechnologies under-exploited in the schools,despite the fact that, in Western countries, computers andInternet access are ubiquitous, teachers arecomputer literate, educational software is available, … ?

Retention of Learning

Generational Learning Styles

Diagram Source: Corbett, S. (2008). Targeting different generations. In B. Hoffman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Educational Technology

Teacher-Student Approaches

Teacher-Centered Classroom

Student-Centered Classroom

Active Learning Activities

http://www.queensu.ca/teachingandlearning/modules/active/12_exmples_of_active_learning_activities.html

Group Activity

Discuss the pros and cons of a teacher andstudent centered approach.

Which approach would be more effectiveinto a BYOD classroom?

Do you think we could have a blendedapproach (teacher – student)?

Storing and Sharing Information

Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkfOYtaumew

Problems With USB Keys / Flash Drives

What’s The Cloud?

http://youtu.be/TTNgV0O_oTg

Popular Cloud Storage Platforms

Exchanging Files in the Cloud

Using the Cloud

Exchanging Files in the Cloud: Multiple Devices

Using the Cloud

How Safe is the Cloud?

Google Drive – Synchronous Editing

Source: http://youtu.be/A7y7NafWXeM

Using the Cloud: Collaborative Work

https://itunes.apple.com/ca/app/classroom/id1085319084?mt=8

Apple ClassroomClassroom turns your iPadinto a powerful teachingassistant, helping a teacherguide students through alesson, see their progress,and keep them on track.

With Classroom, you caneasily launch the same appon every student device atthe same time or launch adifferent app for each groupof students. Classroom helpsteachers focus on teaching

http://appleinsider.com/articles/16/03/21/apples-classroom-app-goes-live-to-bolster-ipad-in-education

http://www.otus.com

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqFyMzDsEXg

http://www.nearpod.com

The Nearpod platform enables teachers to use their Tablet tomanage content on students’ mobile devices.

It combines presentation, collaboration, and real-timeassessment tools into one integrated solution.

Teachers use Nearpod to share content with their students andto manage the flow of the lecture.

Students use Nearpod on their mobile devices to receivemultimedia content and to participate in engaging assessmentand collaboration activities.

http://www.nearpod.com

https://vimeo.com/129830045

http://www.cornsoftapps.com/smartseat/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhrmrlnyN8g

http://www.socrative.com

Socrative is a cloud-basedstudent response systemdeveloped in 2010 byBoston-based graduateschool students.

It allows teachers to createsimple quizzes thatstudents can take quicklyon laptops, tablets andsmartphones.

Try quiz with teachers

http://www.kahoot.com

Kahoot is a collection ofquestions on specifictopics. Created byteachers, students,business-people and socialusers, they are asked inreal-time, to an unlimitednumber of “players”,creating a social, fun andgame-like learningenvironment.

https://play.kahoot.it/#/k/b7196c74-d229-47c7-be11-6d21fa6871ad

https://www.lenovosoftware.com/lanschool

Resources

Fundamentals of Classroom ManagementResources for developing routines, fostering classroom community,

managing disruptions, and building student relationships.

https://www.edutopia.org/article/new-teachers-classroom-management-resources

“If you can change a classroom, youcan change a community, and if youchange enough communities you canchange the world.”

Erin Gruwell

Questions

rscapin@dawsoncollege.qc.ca

rscapin

DawsonITE Blog

http://dawsonite.dawsoncollege.qc.ca

Contact Me

Rafael Scapin, Ph.D.