HS111-Medical TerminologySeminar

Sept.28th – October 4th, 2011

Unit 6: Cardiovascular, Lymphatic,

& Digestive Systems

Learning Activities for this week

1. Complete Reading – Ch. 10 & Ch. 112. Participate in Discussion3. Participate in Seminar – Opt. 1 or Opt. 24. Take Quiz by Tuesday5. No project due this week (or next week)

Begins on page 392

Chapter 10: Cardiovascular, Immune, and Lymphatic Systems and Blood

Functions & Organs InvolvedCardiovascular System – pumps and transports blood

throughout the bodyConsists of heart and closed network of blood vessels

composed of arteries, veins, and capillariesHeart pumps blood containing O2 and nutrients to body

tissues (arteries)There is an exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste

between blood and body (capillaries)The blood carrying CO2 and waste is carried from tissues

through veins to organs of excretion

The Heart

Functions Cont.’d

Blood – maintains internal balance in the body; includes transportation, protection, and regulation

8% of body weight

Functions Cont.’dLymphatic System – 3 functions

1. Return excessive tissue fluid to the blood2. Absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins from small

intestine and transport them to the blood3. Provide defence against infection Functions through a network of vessels, ducts, nodes,

and organs Structures include lymph, lymphatic vessels and nodes,

spleen, and thymus gland

Functions Cont.’d Immune System – protects body against pathogens, foreign

agents that cause allergic rxns or toxins, and abnormal body cells

Doesn’t have its own organs or structures

It’s function depends no organs and structures of other systems

Three lines of defense:1. Prevention of foreign substances from entering in the body2. Includes inflammation and fever plus phagocytosis (process in

which some WBCs destroy invading microorganisms); also activated are protective proteins and natural killer cells

3. Specific immunity – provides protection against specific pathogens (such as polio) by forming specific antibodies

Combining Forms of these SystemsAngi/o............................................................vessel (usually blood)Aort/o......................................................................................aortaArteri/o....................................................................................arteryAtri/o.....................................................................................atriumCardi/o.....................................................................................heartLymphaden/o................................................................lymph nodeLymph/o..........................................................lymph, lymph tissueMyel/o........................................................................bone marrowPhleb/o, ven/o...........................................................................veinPlasm/o.................................................................................plasmaSplen/o..................................................................................spleenThym/o.......................................................................thymus glandValv/o, valvul/o.......................................................................valveVentricul/o..........................................................................ventricle

More Combining Forms

Ather/o........yellowish, fatty plaque

Ech/o.........................soundElectr/o................electricityIsch/o.................deficiency,

blockageTherm/o........................heatThromb/o......................clot

Prefixes & Suffixes

Prefix SuffixesBrady-........................slow -ac.................pertaining to

-apheresis............removal-graph..............instrument

used to record; record-odynia.......................pain-penia.................abnormal

reduction in #-poiesis..............formation-sclerosis.........hardening

QUIZ – define

Give me the definition:

1. Angi/o/scopy

2. Ech/o/cardi/o/gram

3. Cardi/ac

Disease & Disorder TermsAngi/o/stenosis - narrowing of a blood vesselArteri/o/sclerosis – hardening of the arteriesBrady/cardi/a – condition of a slow heart (<60 bpm)Isch/emia – deficiency of blood flowTachy/cardi/a – abnormal state of rapid heart (>100 bpm)Hemat/oma – tumor of bloodLymph/oma – tumor of lymphatic tissue; malignantSplen/o/megaly – enlargement of the spleenAneurysm – ballooning of weakened portion of an arterial wallCardiac arrest – sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective

circulation; requires CPRMyocardial infarction – heart attackAnemia – reduced in the amount of hemoglobin in RBCs

Surgical TermsAngi/o/plasty – surgical repair of a blood vesselPhleb/ectomy – excision of a veinSplen/ectomy – excision of the spleenCardiac pacemaker – battery-powered apparatus

implanted under the skin w/leads placed on heart or in the chamber of the heart

Bone marrow transplant – infusion of normal bone marrow cells from a donor w/matching cells and tissue to a recipient w/a certain type of leukemia or anemia

Diagnostic TermsAngi/o/scopy – visual exam of a blood vesselEcho/cardi/o/gram (ECHO) – record of heart using soundElectr/o/cardi/o/gram (ECG, EKG) – record of the electrical

activity of the heartBlood pressure – pressure exerted by the blood against the

vessel walls (normal 120-80)Sphygmomanometer – device used to measure bpLipid profile – blood test used to measure the amt of lipids in

a sample of blood

Complementary TermsCardiac – pertaining to the heartHypothermia – condition of temp

that is below (normal)Intravenous (IV) – pertaining to

w/in the veinPhlebology – study of veinsHemostasis – stoppage of bleedingHypertension – high bp (over

140/90)Anticoagulant – agent that slows

the clotting processAntibiotic – drug that targets

microorganisms to kill or halt growth or replication

*Abbreviations on p.455-456*

Who needs a break??

(begins on p. 470)

Chapter 11:Digestive System

Functions & Organs InvolvedDigestive Tract – aka. alimentary canal or

gastrointestinal tract or GI tractThe organs involved form a continuous tract from

mouth to anusPrepares ingested food for use by the body cells

through physical and chemical digestionEliminates the solid waste products from bodyOrgans involved include mouth, throat, esophagus,

stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Organs

Combining Forms of Digestive Tract TermsAn/o.................................................anusAntr/o..........................................antrumCec/o............................................cecumCol/o, colon/o................................colonDuoden/o...............................duodenumEnter/o.......................................intestineEsophag/o...............................esophagusGastr/o.......................................stomachIle/o...............................................ileumJejun/o.......................................jejunumOr/o, stomat/o..............................mouthProct/o, rect/o..............................rectumSigmoid/o.........................sigmoid colon

More Combining FormsAbdomin/o, celi/o,

lapar/o................................abdomenCheil/o.............................................lipChol/e....................................gall, bileGingiv/o.......................................gumGloss/o, lingu/o........................tonguePancreat/o..............................pancreasSial/o..................saliva, salivary glandSteat/o.............................................fat

Prefixes & Suffixes

PrefixHemi-..........................half

Suffix-pepsia................digestion

QUIZ QUIZ QUIZ QUIZGive me the definition=>

1. Enter/o

2. Gastr/o

Breakdown this term into word parts:

1. gastroenterocolitis

Medical Terms

Chol/e/cyst/itis – inflammation of gallbladder

Diverticul/itis – inflammation of a diverticulum

Proctoptosis – prolapse of the rectum

Disease & Disorder Terms

Cirrhosis – chronic dz of liver w/gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue; cause = alcoholism

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) – abnormal backward flow of GI contents into esophagus, causing heartburn and gradual breakdown of mucous barrier of esophagus

Hemorrhoid – varicose vein in rectal areaUlcerative col/itis – inflammation of colon w/formation

of ulcers

Surgical Terms

An/o/plasty – surgical repair of anusCol/o/stomy – creation of an artificial opening into the

colon (through abdomen wall); used for passing stoolsGloss/o/rrhaphy – suture of the tongueBariatric surgery – surgical reduction of gastric capacity

to treat morbid obesityHemorrhoid/ectomy - excision of hemorrhoids

Diagnostic TermsEsophag/o/gram – radiographic image of the esophagus

(aka barium swallow or esophagram)Colon/o/scopy – visual exam of the colonEndo/scopy – visual exam w/in a hollow organLapar/o/scope – instrument used for visual exam of the

abdominal cavityUpper GI series – series of radiographic images taken of

the stomach and duodenum after barium has been swallowed

Complementary TermsDys/pepsia – difficult digestionNas/o/gastr/ic – pertaining to nose and stomachOral – pertaining to mouthProct/o/logy – study of rectumSublingual – pertaining to under the tongueAscites – abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavityDiarrhea – frequent discharge of liquid stoolEmesis – vomiting

*Abbreviations on p. 523*

Good night & have a great week!