Post on 30-Dec-2015
transcript
The Puritans and The Crucible
http://www.schurzhs.org/ourpages/auto/2010/5/4/34946901/The%20Puritans%20and%20The%20Crucible.pptx
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or texts?
Puritan Agenda:They wanted to reform their
national church by eliminating every shred of Catholic influence
Their attempt to “purify” the Church of England and their own lives
Left for the new world in 1620 to escape religious persecution and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
Puritan Beliefs: The Puritan community was a
theocracy, a government which blends church and state. The church’s officials were the government’s officials. Thus, church and state were not separate.
Puritans were expected to live by a strict moral code
All sins – from sleeping in church to stealing food – should be punished
God would punish sinful behaviorEssential Question: How does a good writer develop
arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or texts?
Puritan Beliefs Continued:When a neighbor would
suffer misfortune, such as a sick child or failed crop, Puritans saw it as God’s will and did not help
The Devil was as real as God
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
Puritan Beliefs Continued:Satan would select the
weakest individuals – women, kids, insane – to carry out his work
Those who followed Satan were witches
Witchcraft was the greatest crime - punishable by death
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
Puritan Lifestyle:Church was the
foundation of Puritan life
It was against the law NOT to attend church
People were expected to work hard and repress their emotions & opinions
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
Puritan Lifestyle Continued:Individual differences were
frowned upon
The clothing was dark & somber and dictated by the church
Children were expected to behave under the same strict codes as the adultsDoing choresAttending churchRepress individual differences
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
Puritan Lifestyle Continued:Any show of emotion
(excitement, anger) was discouraged and disobedience was severely punished
Children rarely played
Puritans saw toys & games as sinful distractions
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
Puritan Lifestyle Continued:Boys practiced carpentry skills
and explored the outdoors (hunting/fishing)
Girls were expected to tend to the house, helping mothers cook, wash, clean, & sew
Many children learned to read, but households owned only the Bible and other religious works
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
1692
Salem Witch Trials
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
Betty Parris became strangely ill. She dashed about, dove under furniture, contorted in pain, and complained of fever. The cause of her symptoms may have been some combination of stress, asthma, guilt, boredom, child abuse, epilepsy, and delusional psychosis.
Talk of witchcraft increased when other playmates of Betty, including eleven-year-old Ann Putnam, seventeen-year-old Mercy Lewis, and Mary Walcott, began to exhibit similar unusual behavior.
A doctor called to examine the girls, suggested that the girls' problems might have a supernatural origin. The widespread belief that witches targeted children made the doctor's diagnosis seem increasingly likely.
How it started:
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
1. Strong belief that Satan is acting in the world Disease, natural catastrophes, bad fortune
2. A belief that Satan actively recruits witches and wizards3. A belief that a person afflicted by witchcraft exhibits certain
symptoms4. A time of troubles, making it seem likely that Satan was active
Congregational strife in Salem Village Frontier wars with Indians
5. Stimulation of imaginations by Tituba6. Teenage boredom7. Confessing “witches” adding credibility to earlier charges8. Old feuds (disputes within congregation, property disputes) between
the accusers and the accused spurring charges of witchcraft.
Causes of Witchcraft Hysteria:
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
Arthur MillerFirst Performed in 1953
The Crucible
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
Characters:John Proctor :
Local farmer; stern, harsh-tongued man; hates hypocrisy
Abigail Williams:Rev. Parris’s niece; only
servant for the Proctors; smart, good liar, vindictive when crossed
Elizabeth Proctor:John’s wife; fired Abigail;
supremely virtuous, but cold
Rev. Parris:Minister of Salem’s
church; paranoid, power-hungry; many people hate him; he is concerned about building his position in society
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
Characters:Rev. John Hail:
Young minister and expert on witchcraft; critical and intelligent mind
Rebecca Nurse:Wise, sensible woman;
liked by all in the community
Francis Nurse:Rebecca’s husband;
wealthy, influential man; respected by most, but an enemy of Thomas Putnam
Thomas Putnam:Wealthy, influential man;
holds a grudge against Francis Nurse; wants land
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
Characters:Ann Putnam:
Thomas’s wife; has given birth to eight children, but only Ruth survived
Judge Danforth:Deputy Governor of MA
and judge at the witch trials, believes he is doing what is right for Salem
Giles Corey:Elderly but feisty farmer;
famous for his tendency to file lawsuits
Ruth Putnam:Lone surviving child of
the Putnam’s; falls into a strange daze after being caught dancing
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
Characters:Tituba:
Rev. Parris’s black slave from Barbados; agrees to perform voodoo
Mary Warren:Servant in Putman’s
household; timid; easily influenced by those around her
Betty Parris:Rev. Parris’s 10-year-old
daughter; falls into strange daze after being caught dancing
Martha Corey:Giles Corey’s third wife;
her reading habits are frowned upon by the church/community
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?
Characters:Ezekiel Cheever:
man from Salem who acts as clerk of the court during the witch trials; determined to do his duty for justice
Mercy Lewis:One of the girls in
Abigail’s group
Herrick:The marshal of Salem
Judge Hathorne:A judge who preside,
along with Danforth, over the witch trials
Essential Question: How does a good writer develop arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or
texts?