HUBERT KAIRUKI MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARMENT: BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE TOPIC: MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY

FACILITATOR: PROF. MASALAKULAKULANGWA

PRESENTERS: BELINDA MSAKI

NANCY WILBERT

AARON RUTAYUGA

CENTRUDA MKINGA

NASOOR MNYAA

CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION

•OBJECTIVES

•DEFINITION OF TERMS

•MAIN PRESENTATION

•SUMMARY

•CONCLUSION

•RECOMMENDATION

•REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY

•Medicine in its historical setting was more of sciences and typically scientific. As day and years went on medicine was discovered to be missing the social side and process to craft the relationship started.

• Today there is something social in medicine and as well as something medical in sociology. The society we

CONT…

• live in is sick, but the same society which is sick, ill and diseased can be happy, can interact and also can have good experience

•The concept of work in society is one of the central elements in medical sociology.

WHAT IS MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY?

•Medical sociology is the sociological analysis of medical organization and institutions; the production of knowledge and selections of methods, the actions and interactions of healthcare professionals, and the social or cultural (rather than clinical or bodily) effects of medical practice.

CONT… OR

• Medical sociology is concerned with the relationship between social factors and health, and with the application of sociological theory and research techniques to questions related to health and the health care systems

MEDICAL SOCIOLOGISTS ARE CONCERNED WITH…

• Social causes and patterns of health and disease

• Social behavior of health care personnel and their patients

• Social functions of health organizations and institutions

• Relationship of health care delivery systems to other social systems

OBJECTIVES At the end of this presentation we should all understand the following;

• The concept of medical sociology

•How medical sociology relates with health and illness

• The concept of sick role by Talcott Parsons

• The role of society in medical sociology

•How culture, religion and education relates with medical sociology.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

• Sociology-is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigations and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, disorder and change.

•Health-is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being

CONT.…• Illness-unhealthy condition of body or mind.

•Society-an aggregate of people living together on a more or less ordered community.

•Religion-an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems and world views that relate humanity to an order of existence.

 

MAIN PRESENTATION

MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS

•This examine the interaction between society and health

•The objective is to see how social life impact mobility and mortality rate

CONT.…•While the sociology of medicine is limited to patients –practitioners relationship and the role of health professional in society.

• It covers sociological pathology, reasons for seeking particular type of medical aid and patient’s compliance or noncompliance with medical regimes.

THE SICK ROLE

Sick role is a term used in medical sociology regarding sickness and the rights and obligations of the affected. It is a concept created by American sociologist Talcott Parsons in 1951.

CONCEPT

• Parsons was a functionalist sociologist, who argued that being sick means that the sufferer enters a role of 'sanctioned deviance'. This is because, from a functionalist perspective, a sick individual is not a productive member of society. Therefore this deviance needs to be policed, which is the role of the medical profession. Genuinely, Parsons argued that the best way to understand illness sociologically is to view it as a form of deviance-which disturbs the social function of the society.

CONT.…• The general idea is that the individual who has fallen ill is not only physically sick, but now adheres to the specifically patterned social role of being sick. ‘Being Sick’ is not simply a ‘state of fact’ or ‘condition’, it contains within itself customary rights and obligations based on the social norms that surround it. The theory outlined two rights of a sick person and two obligations:

CONT.…• Rights:

• The sick person must exempted from normal social roles, or duties (ED)

• The sick person is not responsible for their condition, this means that all of us fall sick but it is not our own making, no one can plan to be sick.

CONT.…Obligations:

• The sick person should try to get well, that means must use right medical systems, or good hospitals, and also good doctors, and or good nurses.

• The sick person should seek technically competent help and cooperate with the medical professional, using medication, finishing the prescribed dose, and doing aerobic exercises

SOCIETY AND MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY

The society we live in entirely affects our health and wellbeing, either by being the causative of our illnesses or by taking care of us while ill. But family is the basic, primary, biological and cultural unit of the society hence family plays the major role in maintaining the health an illness of the society at large.

ROLES OF FAMILY IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS

•It is the first care giver to the sick

•It is the main determiner of the patients conditions whether good or bad

CONT.…

•To take the role of the ill person when he/she cannot perform them

•It will offer remedies and advice to the sick

THE SECRET OF HEALTH LIES IN THE HOMES OF PEOPLE

• Florence Nightingale

CULTURE ROLE IN MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY

•Culture is defined as a learned behavior which has been acquired socially. Thus culture differs from one society to another. The culture of a society affects the health of that particular society since many practices of a society are based on their culture.

CULTURAL IMPACTS ON HEALTH AND ILLNESS

Our culture affects our societies in many aspects including;

• Personal hygiene

• Nutrition

• Immunization

• Seeking early medical care

• Family planning

• Child bearing

 

RELIGION AND MEDICAL

SOCIOLOGY•Religion has to do with those socially shared and organized ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that concern ultimate meanings about the existence of the supernatural or beyond

CONT.…

•In the religious behaviors human beings fashion a social world of meaning and rules that govern how and what they think, feel, and act.

CONT.…

•Religion may be the leading factor to our wellbeing, or destructive since different religions have different views on how people react toward illnesses and the process of medication.

MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY AND EDUCATION

• Education is one aspect of the many sided process of socialization by which people acquired behaviors essential for effective participation in society. It entails an explicit process in which some individuals assume the status of teacher and others the status of students and carry out their associated roles.

SUMMARYThis topic shows a clear connection between social aspects of life in the medical filled that is how a family, religion, education and culture inclusive of traditional ways of life can contribute into both negative and positive consequences in provision of medical services.

 

CONCLUSION

The society and its components have an important influence on the communities’ people live in, as regards to peoples’ health and wellbeing. So are cultural practices, family ways of living and knowledge, religious views, availability of social needs to community and environmental factors.

RECOMMENDATIONSAs medical professionals, it’s very essential to understand medical sociology because it enables us to know societal behavior thus giving a more meaningful and effective approach to the clients. It also widens self-awareness on wellbeing manners from the basic unit of life that is family to the national level so as to improve the health sector.

 

REFERENCES• Kottak.C.P (2010). Mirror for Humanity: A concise

introduction to cultural anthropology. (New York: Mc Graw Hill Companies)

• Hughes.m, et al.(2005). Sociology: The core.(7th edition). (Boston:Mc Graw Hill Companies)

• Hanson. Barbara (1997). Advances in medical sociology: Social assumptions, Medical categories.(London: Jai Pres. INC)

• Gelles.R, et al. (1999). Sociology, An introduction (6th edition). Boston:Mc Graw Hill Companies)

• Fergusons. (2005). Mapping the social Landscape: Readings in Sociology (4th edition). (Boston:Mc Graw Hill Companies)

• Robinsons (1994). The story of Medicine: The development of the Arts and Sciences of Medicine from the stone age to Modern times.(New York: The New Home Library)

MERCI BEAUCOUP