Post on 17-Oct-2014
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Organization BehaviorOrganization Behavior
Organization BehaviorOrganization Behavior
Change Stress
Personality
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“The best thing about the future is that it comes only one day at a time.““The best thing about the future is that it comes only one day at a time.“
Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)
ChangeChange
Defined as planned or unplanned transformation in an organization structure, technology and/or people.
For Organization - Change is not exception, but rule.
Organization Change- Organizational Development Techniques designed
to implement needed change in a manner that is acceptable to employees and that enhances the effectiveness of the organization.
- Strategic Planning which involves deliberately making radical changes in the way organization operates.
Organizational Change
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What, Exactly is Change?
ChangeChange
Organizational
Structure
•Changes made in span of control.•Altering number of employees for which supervisors, manager are responsible.•Revising basis of creating departments.
Technolo
gy
•Industrial Robotics•Automation•Computerized Performance management•Assistive Technology
People
•Unfreezing•Changing•Refreezing
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ChangeChange
First Order
Change
• Restaurant - Adding new items to Menu
Second Order
Change
• Restaurant launches a global operations
Unplanne
d
• Shifting Employee Demographics
• Performance Gaps
• Government Regulation
Magnitude: How much is change?
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Use of machines – Automation use of machines to perform complex task and function known as Industrial Robotics (i.e. Robotics used in Car manufacturing)
Assistive Technology – Touch screen, Voice Recognition System used for visual Impairments.
Computerized Performance Management used by manager to manage their respective teams about how well they perform their jobs.
Personalized Services – HDFC ATM have this feature of recording frequent withdrawal amount of customer.
ChangeChange
How has Information Technology changed the way we work?
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Outsourcing
Restructuring Organizations completely by eliminating parts of themselves that focus on non core sectors and hiring outside firms to perform such functions instead
– a practice which we call Outsourcing.
Product Off shoring
Services Off shoring
Off shoring Technical Support is a Big Business
The ready availability of well-educated, English- speaking experts in IT, in the city of Bangalore, have made their nation a haven for companies seeking the services of technical support representatives.
Many businesses here provide these services to American, British, and European firms in 24/7 call centres, located in gigantic Cyber and InfoTech Parks.
ChangeChange
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Management by Objectives
The Organization Development technique by which manager and their subordinates work together to set and then strive to attain organizational goals.
ChangeChange
Set Goal
Develop action plan
Evaluate Results
Implement Plan
MBO
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Stress may be defined as "a state of psychological and / or physiological imbalance resulting from the disparity between situational demand and the individual's ability and / or motivation to meet those demands."
-Stress can be positive or negative.
-Stress can be positive when the situation offers an opportunity for a person to gain something. It acts as a motivator for peak performance. Stress can be negative when a person faces social, physical, Organizational and emotional problems.
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StressStress
What is Stress?
Occupational Stress
Occupational stress is stress involving work.
Stress is defined in terms of its physical and physiological effects on a person, and can be a mental, physical or emotional strain.
Occupational stress can occur when there is a discrepancy between the demands of the environment/workplace and an individual’s ability to carry out and complete these demands.
Factors contribute to workplace stress such as negative workload, isolation, extensive hours worked, toxic work environments, lack of autonomy, difficult relationships among coworkers and management, management bullying, harassment and lack of opportunities or motivation to advancement in one’s skill level.
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StressStress
5 categories associated with occupational stress.
Factors unique to the job
Role in the organization
Career development
Interpersonal work relationships
Organizational Structure/Climate
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StressStress
A Model of Stress
StressStress
Environmental Factors
Organizational Factors
Individual Factors
Individual Differences
Experience Stress
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StressStress
Environmental Factors
Economic Uncertainty
Political Uncertainty
Technological Uncertainty
Organizational Factors
Individual Factors
Task Demands
Role Demands
Interpersonal Demands
Organizational Structure
Organizational Leadership
Family Problems
Economic Problems
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StressStress
Experience Stress
Physiological Symptoms
Headaches
High blood presure
Heart Disease
Psychological Symptoms Anxiety Depression Decrease in job
satisfaction
Behavioral symptoms Productivity Absenteeism Turnover
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StressStress
Stress Management Strategies
Individual Approaches
Time
Management
• An understanding & utilization of basic time management principles can help individuals better cope with job demands.
Physica
l Exercis
e
• Noncompetitive physical exercise (as aerobics, jogging, and riding a bicycle have been advice physicians as a way to deal with excessive stress levels.
Relaxation Trainin
g
• Individuals can teach themselves to relax through techniques such as meditation, hypnosis, and biofeedback. The objective is to reach a state of deep relaxation
Social
Support
• Having friends, family, or work colleagues to talk to provides an outlet when stress levels become excessive. Expanding your social support network
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StressStress
Stress Management Strategies
Organisational Approach
Goal Setting
The use of goals can reduce stress and
provide motivation.
Specific goals that are
perceived as attainable
clarify performance expectations results in less
stress
Job Redesign
Redesigning jobs to give employees
more responsibility,
more meaningful work, more
autonomy, and increased
feedback can reduce stress
Participative Decision Making
By giving these employees a
voice in decisions that directly
affect their job performances,
management can increase
employee control and reduce this
role stress.
Organizational Commitment
Given the importance that perceptions play
in moderating the stress-response
relationship, management can also use effective communications
as a means to shape employee
perceptions
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StressStress
Wellness Program
These programs focus on the employee's total physical and mental condition. For example, they typically provide workshops to help people –-quit smoking-control alcohol use-lose weight-eat better, and -develop a regular exercise program.
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StressStress
How to change the Organization to prevent Job stress.
Ensure that the workload is in line with workers' capabilities and resources.
Design jobs to provide meaning, stimulation, and opportunities for workers to use their skills.
Clearly define workers' roles and responsibilities.
To reduce workplace stress, managers may monitor the workload given out to the employees. Also while they are being trained they should let employees understand and be notified of stress awareness.
Give workers opportunities to participate in decisions and actions affecting their jobs.
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StressStress
How to change the Organization to prevent Job stress.
Improve communications-reduce uncertainty about career development and future employment prospects.
Provide opportunities for social interaction among workers.
Establish work schedules that are compatible with demands and responsibilities outside the job.
Combat workplace discrimination (based on race, gender, national origin, religion or language).
Introducing a participative leadership style to involve as many subordinates as possible to resolve stress-producing problems.
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PersonalityPersonality
Personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make a person unique.
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PersonalityPersonality
Major Personality attributes influencing OB
Self Monitoring
Machiavellian
personalityLocus
of Contr
ol
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PersonalityPersonality
Internal Locus of control
Belief that one controls key events & consequences in one’s life
External Locus of control
One’s life outcomes attributed to environmental factors such as luck or fate
Machiavellianism – People who adopt a manipulative approach to their relations with others are described as being high in Machiavellianism (known as high Mach's)
Pragmatic
Maintain Emotional Distance
Locus of Control
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Self Esteem - The degree to which a person likes or dislikes himself. It is directly related to expectations for success.
• Two types High Self esteem Low Self esteem
Risk Propensity
Willingness to take riskQuick Decision makingSpecific to job.
Self Monitoring - Ability to adjust our behavior to external, situational factors.
PersonalityPersonality
PersonalityPersonality
Type A Personalit
y
• Suffer high level of stress
• Quantity over quality
• Time Pressure / Deadlines.
• Rarely creative , Poor Decision Makers
Type
B Perso
nality
• Good Decision maker
• Quality of work
• No compromise on health
• Wiser than hasty
• Creative / innovative solutions to same problem.
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PersonalityPersonality
Five Dimensions – Cricketers Example
ExtraversionOutgoing, Talkative, Sociable, Assertive
Agreeableness, Trusting, Good Natured, Co-operative, Soft Hearted
Conscientiousness, Dependable, Responsible, Achievement oriented, Persistent
Emotional StabilityRelaxed, Secure, Unworried.
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PersonalityPersonality
Case in Point
Tim Cook's more communicative, amicable personality is transforming Apple's image
More than a half a year ago, Steve Jobs passedaway but he prepared his successor before that– Timothy D. Cook took over Apple in the summer of 2011 – From the iron fist management style of Jobs, Cook seems to be transforming Apple into a more typical, corporate structure, more accessible to the public, with a bigger focus on overseas workers' conditions and with a CEO that's actually smiling and more down to earth.
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www.presentationpoint.com
Mahesh Karane
Sneha Choughule
Mubin Sayyed
Kapil Rode
Sanjeev Chengond
Jaikumar Bhatia
Milin Chakravarty
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