FALL SEMESTER TEST REVIEW

Human Body Systems & Homeostasis

Test Date: 12/17/2013

1. WHAT IS HOMEOSTASIS? GIVE 2 EXAMPLES. Homeostasis is the

body’s ongoing process of keeping its internal conditions stable even when external conditions change.

Hint: The body tries to stay as it is…stasis)

Sweating when hot

Feeling thirsty when dehydrated

2. INTERNAL STIMULUS Internal

stimulus: something that happens within a person’s body that triggers a response.

3 examples1. Headache

(response: get an ice pack)

2. Tired

(response: go to sleep)

3. Full bladder

(response: go to restroom)

What if I have

all three?

3. EXTERNAL STIMULUS External

stimulus:Something that happens outside a person’s body that triggers a response.

3 examples1. A bear chasing you

(response: run the other way.)

2. Touching a hot surface

(response: pull hand away)

3. Someone sneaks up from behind (response: fear)

4. ORGANIC COMPOUND ORGANIC refers to

living. ORGANic = ORGANism In order to be organic,

a compound must:1. contain the element Carbon. Life on Earth is carbon-based.2. have the Carbon bonded to another Carbon or to a Hydrogen.

Notice that each compound has a carbon that isbonded to another carbon and/ or a hydrogen.

5. C-SHOPN C-SHOPN stands for elements that can

be found in organic compounds: C = Carbon S = Sulphur H = Hydrogen O = Oxygen P = Phosphorus N = Nitrogen

6. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION Energy is not created nor destroyed, but

it can change from one form to another.

Radiant Chemical Mechanical

ChemicalThermal

7. PHYSICAL CHANGE How does a physical change occur in the

human body? Physical change occurs when shape or size changes without a chemical reaction.Examples: Breaking a bone Cutting hair Chewing food

8. CHEMICAL CHANGE How does a chemical change occur in

the human body? Chemical changes occur in digestion. Food molecules like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are broken into smaller molecules the body can use. Nutrients must be in a form our cells can absorb and use.

9. HUMANS IN SPACETo survive in space humans must have:

A way to control air pressure

Oxygen supplyProtection from

extreme temperatures

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Astronaut Bruce McCandless duringSpacewalk; photo taken from spaceshuttle

10. EARTH IS UNIQUE Has an atmosphere

(a layer of gases surrounding it)

Atmosphere contains oxygen and nitrogen

Two-thirds of its surface is covered with water

Everywhere water has been found, life has been found

11. INSTRUMENTS USED BY ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE Spacesuits to protect

them from changes in air pressure and temperature

Manned maneuvering unit for space walks

Communication devices

Cameras

(Inside Space Shuttle Atlantis)

HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS

REVIEWStructures and Functions

12. ENDOCRINE SYSTEMFunction

Controls many body processes, including growth and reproduction

OrgansGlands, including pituitary, pancreas, and adrenal glands

12. CIRCULATORY SYSTEMFunction

To carry needed materials to cells and carry waste products away from cells

OrgansHeart, veins, arteries, capillaries

12. RESPIRATORY SYSTEMFunction

To bring oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide from cells

OrgansLungs, trachea, nose/mouth, diaphragm muscle

12. SKELETAL SYSTEMFunction

1. Provide shape & support

2. Protect internal organs3. Allow movement4. Produce red blood cells5. Store materials until

needed

OrgansBones

12. MUSCULAR SYSTEMFunctions

1. Movement2. Moving food

through digestion3. Pumping blood

through the body

Organs

Muscles

12. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Function1. Break down food into

molecules the body can use

2. Absorption of nutrients into the blood

3. Elimination of waste

OrgansMouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Also, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

12. EXCRETORY SYSTEMFunction

To filter the blood and remove liquid wastes from the body

OrgansKidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

12. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS

Female Function1. Produce egg cells2. Produce female

hormones3. Support growing

baby until it is ready for birth

OrgansOvaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina

12. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS

Male Function1. Produce sperm

cells2. Produce male

hormones

OrgansTesticles, vas deferens, prostate, urethra, penis

12. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Function1. To keep germs out and

fluids in2. Blocks out sunlight;

makes vitamin D3. Sense of touch4. Regulates body

temperature -- homeostasis

OrgansSkin, nails, hair

12. NERVOUS SYSTEMFunctions

1. Receive information

2. Respond to stimuli

3. Maintain stable internal conditions—homeostasis

OrgansBrain, spinal cord, nerves

13. CTOSO (YES, AGAIN!)

Human cell Smooth muscle tissue Stomach

Digestive system Human

14. COUNTING ELEMENTSC2SO4

1. Look for capital letters

2. C = Carbon S = Sulphur O = Oxygen* Is this compound organic? YES. It has more than one Carbon atom.

CH3COCH3

1. Look for capital letters

2. C = Carbon H = Hydrogen O = Oxygen * Is this compound organic? YES. It has Carbon with Hydrogen.

15. COMPLETE THE TABLE.

TERM DEFINITION

Element A substance that is composed of only one type of atom; cannot be broken down into any simpler substance

Compound A substance composed of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined in a set ratio

Mixture 2 or more elements in the same place but not chemically combined

16. EXAMPLES OF HOW BODY SYSTEMS WORK TOGETHER1. Muscular system pushes food through

the digestive system.2. Endocrine system produces chemicals

that help break down food in the digestive system.

3. Circulatory system brings oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the respiratory system.

EXAMPLE OF SYSTEMS WORKING TOGETHER

1. The heart pumps blood containing CO2 to lungs.

2. Lungs take in the CO2 and give O2 to the blood.

3. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart, which pumps the blood out to the body.

17. SEXUAL VS. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

One parent Offspring are

identical to the parents

Two parents Offspring are

similar to parents but not identical

Greater genetic variation increases chances the species will survive

18. GENETIC INFORMATIONGenetic information is stored in the nucleus on chromosomes. Chromosomes are made up of strands of DNA.

19. TRAITS

INHERITED TRAIT ACQUIRED TRAIT

A trait an organism is born with; contained in the organism’s DNA; can be passed on to offspring

A trait an organism acquires after birth; not contained in the DNA; cannot be inherited by offspring

20. PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELL

PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

Contains a cell wall and chloroplasts

Can make its own food

Has a large vacuole

No cell wall or chloroplasts

Smaller vacuole

21. TURGOR PRESSURE

LOW TURGOR PRESSUREHIGH TURGOR PRESSURE

Vacuole is full Vacuole has little water

22. TYPES OF CELLS

PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC

No nucleus No well-defined

organelles Bacteria and other

basic organisms

Nucleus Organelles More complex

organisms, including YOU

STUDY AND YOU’LL DO GREAT!

I believe in YOU!

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