HURO/0901/1472.2.2 SZEGED - TIMISOARA AXIS FOR THE SAFE FOOD AND FEED

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3rd Progress Report MeetingTimisoara, 26-27 January, 2012

Macroelements in the Romanian wheat genotypes. Effects of Fusarium infection on macroelement

concentrations in maize genotypes

Erdei László, Vashegyi Ágnes, Pető AndreaDepartment of Plant Biology

University of Szeged

Macroelements in the Romanian wheat genotypes

Samples were collected from 13 localities in Timis and Arad counties:

1. Manastur – TM2. Sanandrei – TM3. Faget - TM4. Pietroasa - TM5. Lovrin – TM6. Aldesti – TM7. Dudestii Vechi – TM8. Horea - AR9. Siria – AR10. Recas – AR11. Semlac – AR12. Paulis – AR13. Barzava – AR

Ripen ears were separated into grains and chaff.

K, Ca and Mg were determined in both parts by atomic absortion spectrophotometer (Hitachi Z-8200)

Manast

ur - TM

Sanan

drei -

TM

Fage

t-TM

Pietro

asa- T

M

Lovrin

-TM

Aldesti -T

M

Dudesti

i Vech

i -TM

Horea - A

r

Siria

- Ar

Recas -

Ar

Semlac

- Ar

Paulis

- Ar

Barzav

a - Ar

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00 grain

chaff

μmol

K/g

DM

K concentrations (µmol K/g DM)

Manast

ur - TM

Sanan

drei -

TM

Faget-

TM

Pietro

asa- T

M

Lovrin

-TM

Aldesti -T

M

Dudest

ii Vech

i -TM

Horea -

Ar

Siria

- Ar

Recas -

Ar

Semlac

- Ar

Paulis

- Ar

Barzav

a - Ar

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00 grain

chaffμm

ol C

a/g

DM

Ca concentrations (µmol Ca/g DM)

Manast

ur - TM

Sanan

drei - T

M

Faget-

TM

Pietro

asa- T

M

Lovrin

-TM

Aldesti -T

M

Dudesti

i Vech

i -TM

Horea -

Ar

Siria

- Ar

Recas -

Ar

Semlac

- Ar

Paulis

- Ar

Barzav

a - Ar

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00 grain

chaffμm

ol M

g/ D

M

Mg concentrations (µmol Mg/g DM)

Conclusions

Potassium concentrations were similar in the grain, in Barzava and Faget slightly higher. In garain and chaff K levels near equal, but in some cases in grain it is higher or lower.

Calcium concentrations are 2 to 3-fold higher in chaff than in grains. In grains, no fluctuation was observed.

Magnesium concentrations are 2-fold higher in grains compared to tose in the chaff. The highest Mg concentrations in grains were fount at Barzava and Aldesti.

It is not known whether the differences are the consequences of the gentype or the agricultural site.

Macroelement concentrations in Fusarium-infected maize genotypes

From field experiments of Prof. Mesterházy Ákos, Cereal Research Nonprofit Ltd.

Maize genotypesZea mays L. cv. Sarolta – Fusarium resistantZea mays L. cv. Boglár – more sensitive

Fusarium inoculates

Fusarium graminearum (Fg), F. culmorum (Fc), F. verticillioides (Fv)

Infection: 8-10 days after flowering, with mycelia, using toothpick

Experimental design: 3 rows in 3 sites with repetitive rows of control and the 3 Fusarium strains. From each row 3 ears (with husks) and the leaves beneath were collected.

26.08.2

011.

13.09.2

011.

26.08

.2011

.

13.09.2

011.

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

C Fg

Fc Fv

µmol

K g

-1D

M-1

SAROLTA BOGLÁR

Effects of Fusarium infection on K concentration in maize kernels (from the middle part of the cob). Comparison of two sampling dates and 3 Fusarium species (Fg, Fc, Fv) in 2 maize genotypes. Mean +- S.D., n = 9.

26.08.2

011.

13.09.2

011.

26.08.2

011.

13.09.2

011.

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

C Fg

Fc Fv

umol

Ca

g-1

DM

-1

SAROLTA BOGLÁR

Effects of Fusarium infection on Ca concentration in maize kernels (from the middle part of the cob). Comparison of two sampling dates and 3 Fusarium species (Fg, Fc, Fv) in 2 maize genotypes. Mean+- S.D., n= 9.

26.08.2

011.

13.09

.2011

.

26.08.2

011.

13.09.2

011.

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00 C

Fg

Fc

Fv

umol

Mg

g-1D

M-1

SAROLTA BOGLÁR

Effects of Fusarium infection on Mg concentration in maize kernels (from the middle part of the cob). Comparison of two sampling dates and 3 Fusarium species (Fg, Fc, Fv) in 2 maize genotypes. Mean+- S.D., n= 9.

Conclusions

Element concentrations (K, Ca, Mg) were higher in the infected kernels compared to the control.

Increase in element concentrations was proportional to the time passed after inoculation. Fist samling date was 8-10 days after inculation, the second one 3 weaks later, at harvest. By that time the infection was maximal and the kernels shrivelled.

Intensity of infection depended on the Fusarium species. Most agressive was F. graminearum, followed by F. culmorum and F. verticillioides.

Element concentration gradients along maize ears (base, middle, apex), in control and infected

samples

Control and Fusarium graminearum – infected maize genotype „Sarolta”

Base Middle Apex

Control - 36 kernels10 g

Infected -80 kernels10 g

Volume (and surface) relations of control and Fusarium – infected maize kernels

Base Middle Apex0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160SAROLTA C

FgFcFv

µmol

K g

-1D

M-1

Base Middle Apex0

50

100

150

200

250 BOGLÁR CFgFcFv

µmol

K g

-1D

M-1

Base Middle Apex0

20406080

100120140160180200 SAROLTA C

FgFcFv

µmol

K g

-1D

M-1

Base Middle Apex0

50

100

150

200

250

300 BOGLÁR CFgFcFv

µmol

K g

-1D

M-1

K concentration gradients along the maize ear as affected by Fusarium strains Upper row: samples at 26 August, lower row: samples at 13 September, 2011

Base Middle Apex0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40 SAROLTAC

Fg

Fc

Fv

µmol

Ca

g-1D

M-1

Base Middle Apex0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20 BOGLÁR CFgFcFv

µmol

Ca

g-1D

M-1

Base Middle Apex0.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.401.601.802.00

SAROLTAC

Fg

Fc

Fv

µmol

Ca

g-1D

M-1

Base Middle Apex0.0000.2000.4000.6000.8001.0001.2001.4001.6001.8002.000 BOGLÁR C

FgFcFv

µmol

Ca

g-1D

M-1

Ca concentration gradients along the maize ear as affected by Fusarium strains Upper row: samples at 26 August, lower row: samples at 13 September, 2011

Base Middle Apex0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0 SAROLTA C

FgFcFv

µmol

Mg

g-1D

M-1

Base Middle Apex0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80 BOGLÁR CFgFcFv

µmol

Mg

g-1D

M-1

Base Middle Apex0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0 SAROLTA CFgFcFv

µmol

Mg

g-1D

M-1

Base Middle Apex0.0

10.020.030.040.050.060.0

70.0BOGLÁR

CFgFcFv

µmol

Mg

g-1D

M-1

Mg concentration gradients along the maize ear as affected by Fusarium strains Upper row: samples at 26 August, lower row: samples at 13 September, 2011

Conclusions

In control, non-infected ears the element concentrations were near the same in the kernels taken from the basal, middle or apical part of the ear.In the dgnotype Sarolta, K concentration slightly increased, whereas Ca and Mg slightly decereased along the ear from base to apex.

At the infected middle partthe concentrations of all the elements incrreased. The enhancement was prportional with the agression of the Fusarium species, in the same order, as before.

Concentration values were calculated on unit mass basis. Since the infected kernels have much less mass than conntrol ones, per unit mass they containe larger number of kernels than the control sample. The higher element concentrations in the infected samples thus are du to the larger surface area of the kernels and/or the remaining tissues where these elements are lovalized.

Acknowledgements

Thanks are due toProf. Mesterházy Ákos and Dr. Toldiné dr. Tóth Éva for the field samples of wheat and maize and for their help.

Thank you for your attention!