HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Prepared by

SREEJITH K. &

NICE MENACHERY

APME

JEC

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HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

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Hydro-Electric Power Plant (UQ APRIL 2012)

Hydro-electric power plant utilizes potential energy of water as

the source of energy for power generation.

Generation of hydro-electric power is the cheapest as compared

to the other sources such as oil, coal etc.

In addition to power generation hydro-electric power plants

also helps for irrigation and flood control.

The reservoirs (often made by constructing a dam across a

river ) maintain the availability of water during all seasons of the

year

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Water flow during peak rainy season is stored in the reservoir

Carried to the prime-mover (Hydraulic Turbine or Water

Turbine or simply Turbine) through a pipe known as Penstock

(made of steel or concrete)Potential energy (PE) of water is

partially converted into Kinetic energy (KE) as it pass through the

penstock KE and PE of water is converted into Mechanical

Energy by Turbine Used to generate electrical power by

electric generator Transmitted through transformer

Transmitting towers Consumers.

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Penstock

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Functions of Components Reservoir :- To store the water during rainy season and

supply it during summer when the run off is low.

Dam :-To create the artificial reservoir and artificial head, It

is usually a concrete structure.

Spillway:- Safety valve for the dam. Water overflows

through spillway to prevent the increase of water level over a

certain limit.

Pressure Tunnel :-To carry water from the reservoir to surge

tank.

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Surge Tank :- It is an additional storage space between

reservoir and power house. It reduce the increase in pressure

due to backflow of water when the load on turbine reduces,

thereby preventing the damage of penstock.

Penstock:-Is a pipe to carry water from surge tank to the

turbine, made of steel or reinforced concrete to bear high

pressure.

Trash Rack:- To prevent the flow of debris, sand to the

turbine.

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Hydraulic Turbine:- To convert potential energy of water

into mechanical energy.

Draft tube :- Used in Reaction Turbines to convert part of

KE into useful head. It also allows the turbine to place over

tail race level.

Generator:-To generate electric power using mechanical

power of turbine.

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Transformer:- To raise the voltage generated before

transmitting the power to the consumers.

Power House:- Is a building to protect and accommodates

Turbine, Generator, Transformer and Control room.

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Advantages of Hydro-electric Power plant

Operation & Maintenance cost is minimum when

compared to other power plants.

No air Pollution.

Can also used for irrigation and flood control.

Quick starting and faster respond to rapid change in load.

Useful life is high when compared to other power plants.

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Disadvantages of Hydro-electric Power plant

Initial cost is high when compared to other power plants.

Long time is required for planning and commissioning.

Power generation is not steady especially in the time of

draught.