HYDRO ELECTRIC ENGINEERING

HYDRAULIC ENERGY

ADVANTAGE OF HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER

HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

1. Rainfall and Run-off

2. Storage

3.Hydraulic System / Hydro Mechanical Equipment.

4. Power Station

5.Transformers 6. Switchgears/ Circuit Breakers 7. Operation . 8. Economics. 6. Pumped Storage .

TYPICAL VIEW OF A POWER PLANT

TYPES OF TURBINES

FUNCTION OF HYDRO TURBINE

SPECIFIC SPEED (Ns)

LIMITING FACTORS

OVERCOMING OF LIMITING FACTORS

COMPARISON

1. BHAKRA

2. GRAND COULEE PH-III

CAVITATION

Static Pressure Less Than Vapour Pressure

Create Void or Cavity

Flow Continues Down Stream :Static Pressure Rise

At an Instant Static Pressure more than vapour pressure

Collapse of Void or Cavity on the Blade Surface

Repeated Water Hammer

CAVITATION : Spongy Like Appearance

Air Bubble Water

PELTON TURBINE PELTON TURBINE

HORIZONTAL PELTON TURBINE

VERTICAL PELTON TURBINE

PELTON TURBINE

FRANCIS TURBINE FRANCIS TURBINE

RUNNER

REGULATING RING

SERVO MOTORS

G.V LINK & LEVER

GUIDE VANES

STAY VANES

SPIRAL CASING

FRANCIS TURBINE

KAPLAN /PROPELLER TURBINE KAPLAN /PROPELLER TURBINE

KAPLAN TURBINE

BULB/TUBULAR/TIDAL TURBINE BULB/TUBULAR/TIDAL TURBINE

BULB TURBINE

REVERSIBLE PUMP TURBINE REVERSIBLE PUMP TURBINE

REVERSIBLE PUMP TURBINE

Factor Governing Selection of Turbines

1.SPECIFIC SPEED AND HEAD

2.TURBINE SETTING

3.PART LOAD OPERATION.

4.TRANSPORT OF EQUIPMENT .

5. TRANSIENT PARAMETERS

6.REPAIR OF EQUIPMENT.

KAPLAN TURBINE KAPLAN TURBINE

FRANCIS TURBINE FRANCIS TURBINE

PELTON TURBINE PELTON TURBINE

Comparison Between Francis Type & Pelton Type Hydro Turbines Francis Turbine

1.Better Peak Efficiency 2.Safe operation zone is 100% to 60% Load. 3.At Load below 60% Noise vibration and pressure pulsations have been observed resulting in fall in efficiency4.Higher speed rise ,pressure rise.5.Susceptible to presence of silt in water ,the components under water get eroded resulting in fall in efficiency ,increased vibrations Noise and cavitations. 6.Elaborate maintenance requirement.7.For maintenance of parts underwater complete dismantling of turbine and generator is required. 8.Overall cost less.9.P.H Shall be smaller.

Pelton Turbine

1.Better Efficiency at part loads. 2.Safe operation zone is 100% to 25% Load.3.Safe operation at lower loads without appreciable fall in efficiency. It can be further improved by operating with less the numbers of nozzles. 4.Low speed rise ,pressure rise.5.Even after Erosion the efficiency remains more or less same. 6.Maintenance requirements are less.7.The parts can be refitted without dismantling other components of Turbine and generator. 8.Overall cost more.9.P.H Shall be Bigger.