Post on 15-Jan-2016
transcript
Hydrologic Cycle
Sand porosity
and permeability
Fig. 19.06
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Shallow aquifer
Confining bed/aquitard
Deeper aquifer
Fig. 19.07 a
Unsaturated zone
Fig. 19.11
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HUMID CLIMATE
Important to identify recharge areas!!!! Do not pollute them!
Gaining Stream
Losing stream
ARID CLIMATE
Fig. 19.13
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Determine which wayGroundwater flows
Determine location ofRecharge/discharge areas
Cone of depression
Fig. 19.15 a
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Fig. 19.15 b
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Fig. 19.15 c
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Fig. 19.22 a, b
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South Florida before pumping South Florida after pumping
Fig. 19.06
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AQUIFER TYPES
Confining bed
Confined/artesian aquifer
Note: aquiclude = confining bed!
Fig. 19.16 c
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The potentiometric surface is a pressure surface
It’s the level to which water will rise in your well!
Flooding due to subsidence in Indonesia
Fig. 19.09
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Unit Conversions
Common units used to measure water are:
• cfs (cubic feet per second)• gallons• acre-foot• inches (in precip gage)
Need to be able to convert between them
Acre-foot
1 acre-foot = 43,560 ft2/acre x 1 foot = 43,560 ft3
How many gallons is this???
Cubic feet gallons
• 7.48 gallons = 1 ft3
• 43,560 ft3 x 7.48 gal/1 ft3 = 325,829 gal
Length-Area-VolumeL vs. L2 vs. L3
1 ft2
12 inches
12 inches
12 inches x 12 inches =
144 in2
=1 ft2
Length-Area-VolumeL vs. L2 vs. L3
1 ft312
inch
es
12 inches
12 inches
12 in x 12 in x 12 in = 1728 in3 = 1 ft3
CRATER LAKE
Surface area = 579,348,000 ft2
Avg. ann. Precip = 68 in.
What volume of precip. is added to the lake in acre-feet each year?
1) Need to convert units to makethem consistent. It’s easiest to convert Feet to acre-feet, so let’s convert inches toFeet!68 in x 1 foot /12 inches = 68/12 feet = 5.67 ft
2) Calculate volume of precip. in ft3 by multiplying Surface area of lake x depth of precip.579,348,000 ft2 x 5.67 ft = 3,284,903,160 ft3
3) Convert ft3 to acre-ft 3,284,903,160 ft3 x 1 ac-ft/43,560 ft3 = 75,411 acre-ft/year from ppt.