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Solar Power for Residential and Commercial Properties
Ian DiamondVice President of Sales
©Copyright 2010, Ian Diamond (914) 419-3134. Please contact author for permission to reproduce in part or full.
August 14th, 2003
• Northeast Blackout of 2003• 8 States + Southeastern Canada• 50 Million people lost power• Grid Faults and Overload
Meeting Future Electricity Load
• Load Growth expected of 1.05% annually to 2030
• Increase electricity generation– Power Plants
• Clean Coal• Nuclear
– Renewable Energy• Wind• Solar
Why Solar Power?
• Increasing Energy/Electricity Demands• Unlimited Resource. cf: fossil fuels• Distributed Generation. cf: Transmission costs and
infrastructure• Maximum production during peak demand• Helps Utility Energy Management• Clean. cf: Oil, Clean Coal, Nuclear• NIMBY or YOYR (Yes, On Your Roof)• Eventual Unsubsidized Grid Parity
What is Solar Energy?
• Solar Power – Photo-Voltaic (PV)
• Producing electricity from light
• Solar Thermal (Solar Hot Water)– Utilizing energy from heat
Mounting Options
• Rooftop– Flush Mounted, Affixed (typical residential) – Tilt-mounted, affixed (flat roof)– Tilt-mounted, ballasted (typical flat roof)
• Ground– Ground or pole-mount– Ballasted (paved areas)
• Car Port Structure– Parking lots
Rooftop Preferences
• Facing true south (+/- 60°)• Pitch: 0°- 45° (Ideal: 30°)• No obstructions
– Off roof:• no trees, taller buildings, higher walls
– On-roof:• Parapet walls, bulkheads, HVAC equipment, vents
• Roof Life: 15+ years• No structural load issues
Typical System
• Crystalline Panels• Roof mounted / Ground mount• Grid-tied (no batteries)• Fixed mounting (no rotation)• Net Metered• Distributed Generation (On-site)
System Sizing
• Flush Roof Mount– Example: residential pitched roof
south facing, unobstructed, 500sf – 10W / square foot – = 5kW Solar PV system
• Tilt Roof Mount– Example: commercial flat roof
unobstructed, 6000sf– 8W / square foot– = 48kW Solar PV system
Production Value
• 1kW Solar PV produces approximately1200 kWh per year– 5kW = 6,000 kWh/year– 25kW = 30,000 kWh/year
• System Life: 30+ years
• Avoided Electricity Cost– Con Ed Westchester @ $0.18/kWh – NYSEG @ $0.14/kWh– Escalating electricity costs > 5% annually
System Cost
• Variables– System Size– Location – Building Height– Flush/Tilt;– Ballasted/Affixed
• Residential: $7.00/Watt• Commercial: $5.00-$6.00/Watt
Incentives
• Federal– 30% of Gross System Cost
• Commercial: Investment Tax Credit– 2010 available as a Grant.
• Residential: Personal Tax Credit
• State – New York– NYSERDA Rebate
• $1.75/Watt up to 5kW Residential• $1.75/Watt up to 50kW Commercial
– LIPA Rebate• $2.50/Watt up to 5kW Residential• $2.50/Watt up to 50kW Commercial, &• $1.00/Watt 50kW to 100kW
Incentives (cont’d)
• State – New York– Personal Tax Credit
• 25% of Net System Cost (after Rebate) up to $5,000
• New York City– Property Tax Abatement
• 35% of Net System Cost (after Rebate & Grant) – 2010• 20% of Net System Cost (after Rebate & Grant) – 2011-2012
• Municipal– Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) Financing
Example: 5kW Residential System - NYC
Gross System Cost ($7/W) $35,000
NYSERDA Rebate ($1.75/W) -$8,750
Federal Tax Credit (30%) -$7,875
State Tax Credit (25%, $5,000 cap) -$5,000
NYC Property Tax Abatement (35%) -$9,187
Total Net Cost after incentives $4,188
Annual avoided electrical costs (@ $0.24/kWh)
$1,440
Example: 5kW Residential System Westchester
Gross System Cost ($7/W) $35,000
NYSERDA Rebate ($1.75/W) -$8,750
Federal Tax Credit (30%) -$7,875
State Tax Credit (25%, $5,000 cap) -$5,000
Total Net Cost after incentives $13,375
Annual avoided electrical costs (@ $0.20/kWh)
$1,200
Example: 25kW Commercial System - NYC
Gross System Cost ($6/W) $150,000
NYSERDA Rebate ($1.75/W) -$43,750
Federal Tax Credit (30%) -$31,875
NYC Property Tax Abatement (35%) -$37,187
Total Net Cost after incentives $37,188
Annual avoided electrical costs (@ $0.22/kWh)
$6,600
+ 5 yr MACRS Depreciation
Example: 25kW Commercial System - Westchester
Gross System Cost ($6/W) $150,000
NYSERDA Rebate ($1.75/W) -$43,750
Federal Tax Credit (30%) -$31,875
Total Net Cost after incentives $74,375
Annual avoided electrical costs (@ $0.18/kWh)
$5,400
+ 5 yr MACRS Depreciation
Technology & Future Improvements
• Mature technology of 30+ years development and production• Small incremental improvements
– Smaller Tolerances– Inverter efficiency improved
• Improvements & Applications– Wider applications
• Thin-film– Part of roof membrane– Solar walls
• Building Integrated PV (BIPV) – solar shingles• Transparent panels• Car port structures
Maintenance
• Occasional cleaning (bi-annual)• Remote Performance Monitoring• No moving parts• Annual system check
– Electrical wiring– Inverter– Panels
• 30+ year system life• Inverter replacement (15 years ?)• Roof membrane accessible
Solar PV - Conclusion
• Solar PV is extremely important component to help us meet increasing global electricity needs
• Solar Distributed Generation (On-site, Behind the meter) provides localized electricity – no extra burden on transmission infrastructure
• Solar utilizes underused property (rooftops, parking lots, etc) to provide on-site electricity
• Increasing importance in new construction and existing properties
Questions?
Ian Diamond(914) 419 3134
ian@OnForceSolar.com©Copyright 2010, Ian Diamond (914) 419-3134. Please contact author for permission to reproduce in part or full.