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ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management
Bhubaneswar
Rain water Canal water Ground water Waterlogged Area Waste water
Management Management Management Management Management
SK Ambast
Director, ICAR-IIWM, Bhubaneswar - 751023 (Odisha)
Estb in 1988 as WTCER Renamed as DWM
Vision Sustainable development of on-farm water management technologies
for enhanced agricultural productivity and improved livelihood under different agro-ecological regions
Mission Basic, applied and strategic research activities to address diversified
water management issues with institutional linkages, infrastructural support and capacity building to achieve sustainability and growth
Mandate Strategies for efficient management of on-farm water resources for sustainable agricultural productivity Coordinate research for generating location specific technologies for efficient use of water resources Centre for training in agricultural water management
ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management
Water and Food Security: Challenges By 2050
Rainwater Management
Water Productivity
Irrigation Efficiency
(+111 M t) (-324 BCM)
National
Food Security
2050
(+20% IE) (+46% WP)
Sustainability
20 Agro-Ecological Regions
Canal Water Management
Groundwater Management
Wastewater Management
Water Resource
Development &
Management
&
Water
Governance &
Policy
Climate Change
Particulars Eastern Region* India Share (%)
Ultimate Irrigation Potential (Mha) 33.66 139.89 24
Irrigation Potential Created (Mha) 21.83 123.34 18
Irrigation Potential Utilized (Mha) 14.30 91.12 16
% of IPC to UIP 64.85 88.11 -
% of IPU to IPC 65.52 73.88 -
% of NIA to NSA 35.46 42.15 -
Net annual groundwater availability (BCM/year)
120 399 30
Groundwater Development (%) 27 58
Cropping Intensity 144 136
* West Bengal, Odisha, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Assam
Irrigation Status in Eastern Region (up to 10th Five Year Plan)
Irrigation coverage and productivity of rice/rice-based cropping systems are the lowest in the eastern region
Irrigation Coverage & Productivity of Rice-based Cropping
Per Capita Water Availability in Odisha State Basin Basin Area Per Capita Water
Availability-2001 (m3)
Per Capita Water
Availability-2050 (m3) (Km2) (%)
Rushikulya 8,963 5.76 1341.87 1021 (*)
Budhabalang 6,354 4.08 1616.61 1412 (*)
Baitarani 13,482 8.66 1976.01 1348 (*)
Kolab 10,300 6.61 2263.65 1623
Subernarekha 2,983 1.92 2365.24 1766
Brahmani 22,516 14.46 3634.95 1928
Mahanadi 65,628 42.15 3651.06 2434
Nagavali 4,500 2.89 4921.89 3433
Indravati 7,400 4.75 4967.08 3379
Bahuda 890 0.57 5194.73 3758
Vansadhara 8,960 5.75 8174.97 5579
Area directly
draining to sea
3,731 2.40
Total / Average 155,707 100 3,358.17 2,218
*Water stressed
WRD/Capita : India - 200 m3 ; China - 1200 m3 and USA - 1900 m3
Technological Options for Ensuring Water to
Every Farm: An ICAR Perspective
RWH in Lined Tanks
(a) Dug out tank (b) Laying of silpauline
(c) Reinforced plastering (d) Finished lined tank
Ex-Situ RWH and Optimal Land/Water Allocation
Area allocation (%)
Crop
OFR full
OFR empty to a supplemental irrigation (SI)
80% Labour
OFR empty to a SI + 80 % labour
Rice 20 20 20 20
Chilli 50 50 35 40
Cucumber 15 - 10 5
Watermelon 15 10 35 15
Wheat - - - -
Cotton - - - -
Net agril profit in rabi (Rs)
759 548 662 496
Net agril profit in Kharif (Rs)
667 667 667 667
Total profit from OFR (Rs)
1426 1215 1329 1163
Harvesting of overland flow by check dam-cum-well system and efficient use
through micro-irrigation
Parameters Amount Remark
Additional storage 4000 -10000 m3 At any point of time
Total volume diverted for irrigation 80000 m3 During kharif
Additional area irrigated 13-15 ha
3-5 ha
During kharif
During rabi & summer
Average productivity enhancement 2.87 - 4.67 t/ha For paddy in kharif
0.63 - 0.92 t/ha For green-gram in rabi
22 - 34% Rabi & summer vegetable
Increase in cropping intensity 31%
Enhancing gross return 62%
Benefit: cost ratio 2.30
IRR 14.3% Payback period of 3 years
ICAR Flexi-Check Dam (Rubber Dam)
100 Rubber dam under CRP on Water
In-Situ RWH by Land Shaping in Rainfed Humid Agriculture
BBF system
Paddy-fish system
In-situ RWH, apart from water storage for 2nd crop, reduces waterlogging by 70%
Vegetables
Backyard Poultry
Fishery
Floriculture (intercrop, embankment)
Pepper Rice - Sugarcane
Duckery
Coconut
Azolla Goat
Compost
Dairy cattle
Residues to compost, compost to crops
Fodder on embankment
Fish + poultry +
duck
Wastes to compost
Water Resources
Fish waste
Ring well
Pond Based Integrated Farming System (IFS)
Net Profit: 2-3 lakhs/annum
Land & Water Productivity in Canal Irrigated Agriculture
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14 X15
Distributary ID (Buxar Canal)
Evp
fract / Y
ield
/ W
UE
-S
Evp fract(-)
Yield(t/ha)WUE(Kg/m3)
Laser leveller improves water productivity and area under irrigation whereas benchmarking water productivity using remote sensing & GIS is key
Improving Irrigation System Performance
Crop Area (%)
Prod Loss (%)
Prod. (kg)
WUE Kg/m3)
CP1
Wheat-I 35 0.0 1575 0.98
Wheat-II 20 1.5 887 0.96
Pulses+OS 15+5 2.8 194 0.47
Vegetable 3 2.5 585 5.11
Scane 2 0.0 1000 -
CP4
Wheat-I 50 4.3 2153 1.27
Wheat-II 35 12.0 1386 1.17
Pulses+OS 5+5 7.2 93 1.28
Vegetable 3 2.5 585 5.11
Scane 2 0.0 1000 -
CP5
Wheat-I 60 4.3 2584 1.27
Wheat-II 40 12.0 1584 1.17 Deficit Irrigation
Deficit irrigation and use of micro-irrigation enhances water productivity and net profit
Recharge through Abandoned Wells
Artificial Groundwater Recharge by Shaft
Recharge Volume and Economics
Particulars
Quantity Unit Cost (Rs.)
Total Cost*
(Rs.)
1. Installation of pipe with boring (6 dia. bore
and 4 dia. PVC pipe with perforations
2.Excavation & disposal of dug soil & refilling of pit
with filter materials (3m*3m*3m).
3. Procurement of filter material
(a) Coarse sand
(b) Gravel
(c) Pebbles
1 No.
27.00 m3
4.95 m3
8.55 m3
13.50 m3
@ 8000
@ 50/m3
@ 300/m3
@ 350/m3
@ 400/m3
8000
1350
1485
2993
5400
Total Cost 19230
Cost of recharge - Rs 10 /100 m3
-16
-12
-8
-4
18.6
.98
20.7
.98
06.8
.98
20.8
.98
04.9
.98
17.9
.98
07.1
0.98
Time (day)
Dep
th to
wat
erta
ble
(m)
with recharge tubewell
without recharge
rubewell
-16
-12
-8
-4
18.6
.98
20.7
.98
06.8
.98
20.8
.98
04.9
.98
17.9
.98
07.1
0.98
Time (day)
Dep
th to
wat
erta
ble
(m)
with recharge tubewell
without recharge
rubewell
-16
-12
-8
-4
18.6
.98
20.7
.98
06.8
.98
20.8
.98
04.9
.98
17.9
.98
07.1
0.98
Time (day)
Dep
th to
wat
erta
ble
(m)
with recharge tubewell
without recharge
rubewell
(a)
(b)
(c)
Artificial Groundwater Recharge
Wastewater Use for Crop Production
Use of treated sewage water with high OC load enhances land productivity
Crops Yield with TSW
(t/ha)
Yield with FGW
(t/ha)
Increase in yield (%)
Mustard 2.80 2.50 11
Wheat 4.20 3.80 10
Cauliflower 22-25 16-22 12
Cabbage 7-8 5-7 13
The changes on waterlogging scenarios in premonsoon (left ; 15.5.2014) and post monsoon
(right ; 23.11.2014) period in Bhagalpur district ( ) shaded area is waterlogged area
Delineation of waterlogged areas in Assam and Bihar were carried out
through assessment of the district wise status of waterlogged areas with
the help of LISS III data (1:50,000 scale) for the period 2005-2006 for
identifying scope for cultivation of suitable crops and aquaculture in
waterlogged areas.
Delineation of WL Areas in Eastern India to
Formulate Strategies for Enhancing WP
Mitigating Seasonal Waterlogged Areas through Land
Shaping and Aquatic Crops
.
Water productivity of Rs. 7-14/m3 was obtained
Waterlogging tolerant medicinal plant (Acorus calamas) has potential to provide Rs. 50,000/ha
Deep water rice (cv. Hangseswari)
has potential to yield 1.0-3.0 t/ha
depending upon the flooding depth and time .
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana
Strategic Planning
Population, Power
Livestock, Industry Rainfall Landuse
Irrigated Area and
Scope of improvement
Water Demand Water Availability
Inflow-Outflow
Surface Water Groundwater Domestic/Industrial
Water Demand
Crop Water
Demand
District Irrigation Plan
(District/Blockwise DPR)
, . , ,
.. / ... 14 (07-12 . 2015)
... 3 (07-12 2015)
80 160 150 . 80 100 80 40 Jharkhand 45
Districts Villages and no. of farm families
Khorda Bhakrasahi (50), Poijhari (69), Haladibasanta (126), Naranpur (72), Sarata
(122), Chhatabar (220), Durgapur (150), Giringaput (200) , Haridamada
(100), Jammujhari (85), Total = 1194
Jagatsingpur Khadal (98), Irikundal (83), Hasim Nagar (44), Dhinkia (16). Bindhapada
(30), Total = 271
Puri Sukala aisanyapara (124), Alisha (227), Churali (109), Parimanoipur (75),
Sukalapara (79), Total = 674
Kendrapara Madana (150), Naindipur (200), Chandapalla (50), Patakura (105),
Jagannathpur (315), Total = 820
Dhenkanal Khalibandha (89), Nuagaon (327), Sadeiberini (100), Gajamara (70),
Saptasajyapada (45), Total = 631
Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav
Adopted 3590 farm families in 30 villages of 5 districts in Odisha
Other Activities
Awards
Thank You.