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Ice-Snow workshop, Brno, CZ: 4-7.11.04
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Persistent Organic Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) in Pollutants (POP) in
Bjørnøya snow, ice and Bjørnøya snow, ice and fogfog
Roland KallenbornNorwegian Institute for Air Research
(NILU), NO-2027 KjellerGuttorm Christensen, Dennis Gregor
Akvaplan-niva, NO-9296 Tromsø
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Alpine and Arctic regionsAlpine and Arctic regions
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Transport and depositionTransport and deposition
According to MacDonald R.W. Contaminants, global change and cold According to MacDonald R.W. Contaminants, global change and cold regions. In. Ørbæk J.B., Kallenborn R. & Tombre I.M. (Editors) regions. In. Ørbæk J.B., Kallenborn R. & Tombre I.M. (Editors) Environmental Challenges in Arctic-Alpine RegionsEnvironmental Challenges in Arctic-Alpine Regions, Springer Vlg. , Springer Vlg. In preparation. Exp. release spring 2005.In preparation. Exp. release spring 2005.
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Bjørnøya (Bear Island): Bjørnøya (Bear Island): a case studya case study
Bjørnøya radioBjørnøya radio
N
0 1 2 km
Contour interval 100 m
EllasjøenEllasjøen
ØyangenØyangen
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Bjørnøya: Sampling siteBjørnøya: Sampling site
Three dimensional plot of Bjørnøya (Bear island)
Lake Ellasjøen Meteorological station
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PCBs in the Bjørnøya PCBs in the Bjørnøya abiotic environmentabiotic environment
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
conc. [pg/L]
June-02 July-02 Sep-02
Sampling date
SUM 33 PCB in Ellasjøen lakewater
Sum Hepta
sum Hexa
Sum Penta
Sum Tetra
Sum Tri
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000Conc. [pg/L]
Sampling period
Sum 33 PCB in precipitation (rain + snow)
Sum Octa
Sum Hepta
Sum Hexa
Sum Penta
Sum Tetra
Sum Tri
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000Conc. [pg/L]
Sampling period
Sum 33 PCB in surface snow Sum Octa
Sum Hepta
Sum Hexa
Sum Penta
Sum Tetra
Sum Tri
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
conc. [pg/L]
sampling period
Sum 33 PCB in fog water Sum Octa
Sum Hepta
Sum Hexa
Sum Penta
Sum Tetra
Sum Tri
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Contaminant pattern in Contaminant pattern in meltwater and snowmeltwater and snow
0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %80 %90 %
100 %
DS 1 MW 1 MW 2 DS 4 MS 4
Meteorol. Station Ellasjøen
Percent SUM HCH Percent SUM PCB
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POPs in meltwaterSnowSnow
MeltwaterMeltwater
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PCB in meltwater
0
1
10
100
1000
10000
Conc. [pg/l]
21-2
3/4/
01
21-2
3/4/
01
23-
25/4
/01
23-
25/4
/01
23-2
5/4/
01
03-
30/5
/01
03-3
0/5/
01
Sampling period
Sum Hepta
Sum Hexa
Sum Penta
Sum Tetra
Sum Tri
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Conc. [pg/l]
21-2
3/4/
01
21-2
3/4/
01
23-
25/4
/01
23-
25/4
/01
23-2
5/4/
01
03-
30/5
/01
03-3
0/5/
01
Sampling period
Sum Hepta
Sum Hexa
Sum Penta
Sum Tetra
Sum Tri
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Chlorinated pesticides
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
conc. [pg/L]
Sample identity
Sum HCH in Fog
g-HCH
b-HCH
a-HCH
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Conc. [pg/L]
sample identity
DDT in fogp,p'-DDT
o,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDD
p,p'-DDE
o.p'-DDE
0
1
10
100
1000
Conc. [pg/L]
sample identity
DDT in fog
p,p'-DDT
o,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDD
p,p'-DDE
o.p'-DDE
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Conc. [pg/l]
01-0
002
-00
03-0
004
-00
05-0
006
-00
01-0
201
-02
01-0
302
-03
03-0
304
-03
04-0
306
-03
07-0
308
-03
09-0
310
-03
11-0
312
-03
13-0
3
sample identity
Sum HCH in precipitation g-HCH
b-HCH
a-HCH
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Conc. [pg/L]
sample identity
DDT in precipitationp,p'-DDT
o,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDD
p,p'-DDE
o.p'-DDE
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
conc. [pg/L]
01-02 02-02
sample identity
HCH in surface snow g-HCH
b-HCH
a-HCH
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Conc. [pg/L]
01-02 02-02
sample identity
DDT in surface snow p,p'-DDT
o,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDD
p,p'-DDE
o.p'-DDE
1
10
100
1000
Conc. [pg/L]
01-02 02-02
sample identity
DDT in surface snow p,p'-DDT
o,p'-DDT
p,p'-DDD
o,p'-DDD
p,p'-DDE
o.p'-DDE
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Conclusions
Bjørnøya is a ”hot spot” region for POP contamination in the Arctic.
Levels of POPs in the abiotic environment in Bjørnøya are considerable.
The POP patterns in snow,precipitation and fog are characterised by a surprisingly high variability.
Lakewater samples are contaminated but the POP patterns are relatively stable.
Fog and snow/rain precipitation play play a major role in the deposition process for POPs on Bjørnøya
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AknowledgementThe help and support of many colleagues is highly appreciated:
The Norwegian CoastNorwegian Coast guard supported us with transport of equipment and research scientists.The crew of the meteorological stationcrew of the meteorological station at Bjørnøya help with infrastructure and sample collection.The Research Council of NorwayResearch Council of Norway and the State State pollution control Authoritiespollution control Authorities supported the Project economically.Anita EvensetAnita Evenset (Akvaplan-niva) helped during the field campaign, Dorte Herzke and Urs BergerDorte Herzke and Urs Berger (NILU) have performed a part of the anaytical work. Martin SchlabachMartin Schlabach (NILU) helped during the analytical work.