Post on 13-Jul-2015
transcript
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Fiber Optics for High Def “Game Day”
Sports Production
Jim Hurwitz, Product Manager / Manager, Western U.S.
IDEA 2009
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Copper Cable is Limited
Coax, Audio Cables, Data Cables, etc. –Many large, heavy cables are difficult to set up and “wrangle.”
•One cable per function•Each is different type
–Limited Bandwidth & Distance
–EMI, RFI, Crosstalk & Hum
–Expensive to ship
–Fragile
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Fiber is the Answer
Fiber Optic CablingOne small, lightweight cable does it all
Multiple fiber conductors Multiplexing (TDM, FDM, WDM)
Unlimited Bandwidth & Distance
Immune to EMI, RFI, Crosstalk, Hum & Rogue Electrons
Electrically isolating – Eliminates ground loop problems
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Multiple signals of multiple types can be multiplexed (mixed) and sent in any direction on the same fiber strand. HD/SDI Video
SD/SDI Video
Analog Video
Genlock/Sync
Analog Audio
AES Audio
Data (RS232/422/35)
Fiber transports any signal that needs to be moved, with virtually unlimited bandwidth
–Intercom –RTS, Clear-Com, or 4-wire
–GPI/Tally
–Camera Control
–Time Code
–RF/L-Band
–Ethernet (10/100/GigE)
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Fiber Out
TXVideo In
How Does Fiber Optics Work?
Transmitter: converts an electrical analog or digital signal into an optical signal.
If analog, the light source modulates.
If digital, it flashes really fast!
More robust transmission in digital.
Fiber cable: consists of one or more glass fibers, which act as waveguides for the optical signal.
Receiver: The converts the optical signal back into a replica of the original electrical signal.
RXVideo Out
Fiber In
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More than one signal!
• Electronic Multiplexing– Combines multiple signals digitally,
converts to a single wavelength• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)• Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
– Example: Telecast’s 5142 • combines 1 video, 4 audios,
1 data, 1 GPI electronically.
• Wave Division Multiplexing– Optically combining several
wavelengths of light
– Passive process - combines and decombines light (like a prism)
VIDEO INPUT
AUDIO 1 IN
_
+
GND
AUDIO 2 IN
_
+
GND
RELAY INRELAY IN
DATA IN (+)DATA IN (- )
FIBEROUT
MULTIPLEXOR
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Reducing the Fiber Count
• Electronic Multiplexing– Combines multiple signals digitally,
converts to a single wavelength• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)• Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
– Example: Telecast’s 5122 • combines 1 video, 2 audios,
1 data, 1 GPI electronically.
• Wave Division Multiplexing– Optically combining several
wavelengths of light
– Passive process - combines and decombines light (like a prism)
VIDEO INPUT
AUDIO 1 IN
_
+
GND
AUDIO 2 IN
_
+
GND
RELAY INRELAY IN
DATA IN (+)DATA IN (- )
FIBEROUT
MULTIPLEXOR
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Reducing the Fiber Count : Wave Division Multiplexing
• WDM - 2 channels• Coarse WDM (CWDM) – 4, 8 or 16
channels
22 Channel WDM 1300, 1550 nm
4-Channel CWDM 1511, 1531, 1551 & 1571 nm
8-Channel CWDM 1471, 1491, 1511, 1531, 1551,
1571, 1591 & 1611 nm
Also on the market (not from Telecast):•Dense WDM (DWDM) - >16 channels
–very expensive, temperature sensitive, mainly Telcos
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• WDM - 2 channels
• Coarse WDM (CWDM) – 4, 8 or 16 channels
CWDM: 20 nm spacing
1471 1491 1511 1531 1551 1571 1591 1611
22 Channel WDM 1300, 1550 nm
4-Channel CWDM 1511, 1531, 1551 & 1571 nm
WDM: 250 nm spacing
1300 1550
Reducing the Fiber Count : Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing
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Singlemode FiberStandard Telecomm typeEasy ST connectors
Central patching area
AC Power
Someone to take responsibility for it
What Your Fibered Venue Must Have
Avoid HybridWire/fiber
Yellow jacket
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Sharing Big Screen Control Center
STADIUM
ARENAControl Center
Viper
Viper
Cobra
Cobra
Sports
Viper
Viper
Cobra
Cobra
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KOMU-TV
•Campus-wide broadcast system•Includes Stadium and Mizzou Arena•Football to Basketball: <90 min.•All on one fiber strand
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Average Overall Optical Budget of 10 dB (dependent on camera/CCU specifications)
SHED / HDX for SMPTE Cameras
Two Strands of Single Mode Fiber (Infrastructure or Tactical Cable)
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HD & SDI Digital Sports Production
Many Signals Required
Tally
HD/SDI Video
Audio 1 (mic/lineIntercom
Camera ControlTri Level Sync/Genlock
Composite Video
Audio 2 (mic/line)
Time Code
Return Video Composite or Lum
Camera Rack/Video Village/
Audio MixerIFB / Audio
Prompter Video
Time Code
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Camera-Mounted Fiber-Optic System
•Camera Multiplexer
•All Camera Signals on one or two Fiber Conductors
•Camera Multiplexer
•All Camera Signals on one or two Fiber Conductors
Copperhead
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Camera-Mounted Fiber-Optic System
Three basic elements :
Camera unit – a fiber-optic
transceiver that mounts to
high-end broadcast video
cameras
Base station - rack mounted
transceiver that mounts easily
in a truck, rack, or studio
control room.
Fiber spool – a length of fiber-
optic cable that connects the
two transceivers
Three basic elements :
Camera unit – a fiber-optic
transceiver that mounts to
high-end broadcast video
cameras
Base station - rack mounted
transceiver that mounts easily
in a truck, rack, or studio
control room.
Fiber spool – a length of fiber-
optic cable that connects the
two transceivers
Copperhead
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Camera-Mountable Fiber Optic System
Available with• IDX “V” Mount • Anton Bauer• PAG
•Camera Multiplexer•All Camera Signals on one Fiber Cable
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Camera-Mounted Fiber-Optic System
• Camera Multiplexer
• Sandwich Mount
• All Camera Signals on one or two Fiber Conductors
• High Performance
• AffordableNAB 2001:CopperHead Awarded "Pick of Show" by DigitalTV Magazine
“CopperHead”
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CopperHeadTransporting ALL Signals necessary for
Multi-Cam Camcorder Production over two strands of fiber
CopperHeadCamera Unit
Base Station
Tally
HD/SDI Video
Audio 1 (mic/lineIntercom
Camera ControlTri Level Sync/Genlock
Composite Video
Audio 2 (mic/line)
Time Code
Return Video Composite or Lum
IFB / AudioPrompter Video
Time Code
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PUSHPUSH
12-18VDC
INPUT POWER
MAIN SDI/HD
AUDIO 2 OUTAUDIO 1 OUTINTERCOM
RETURN AUDIO INPUT
INPUTLEVEL
MIC LINEOPTICAL INTERFACE AUDIO
CONTROL AND DATA
CAMERA REMOTE
TALLY/RS-232VIDEOSDI/ HD VIDEO OUT
RETVIDEO IN
A B
GENLOCK IN PGM/ AUX VIDEO OUT
A B CA B A B
LOOP 75Ω LOOP 75Ω
SyncGenerator
NTSC or "Y"
NTSC or "Y"
NTSC or "Y"
4 Wire Intercom Interface
HD HD
DownConverted
SDI
DownConverted
RGB/YRB/or Composite
A: CMPST/Y/GB: CMPST/Y/U/BC: CMPST/C/V/R
DownConverterOptionA B C
CSDI OUT
Time CodeGen/Readr
02 : 12 : 22 : 27
RETURN VIDEO SOURCE
ADAP
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Base Station Connections
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Connected by Tactical Fiber Cable
• Battlefield Rated• Military Spec• Can be bent• Can be crushed• Can Be driven over:
-Trucks, Dollies, Cranes• Tougher than triax, coax
or wire cables
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Tactical Fiber Cable Elements
Core Locked Polyurethane Jacket
Armored Kevlar Fiber Strength Member
Color Coded 900µm Tight Buffer
Acrylate Fiber Coating
Optical Fiber
“TAC-2” - 2 Fiber cable
Also Available in TAC-1, TAC-4, TAC-6, and TAC-12
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Power Plus
Copperhead
AUDIO 2 IN
RET AUD OUT
HEADSETBLACK
BURST OUT
RETURN
VIDEO OUT
HD/SDI
VIDEO IN
CAMERA
REMOTE
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Power Plus
Copperhead
AUDIO 2 IN
RET AUD OUT
HEADSETBLACK
BURST OUT
RETURN
VIDEO OUT
HD/SDI
VIDEO IN
CAMERA
REMOTE
“Hybrid SMPTE” fiber2 Single Mode Fiber Optic lines 2 Copper power lines2 Copper “control” linesNot as rugged: treat like triax
Carries 200W of peak powerUp to 150W each of 12V or 24VDistance limited to 2km
AUDIO 2 IN
RET AUD OUT
HEADSETBLACK BURST OUT
RETURN VIDEO OUT
HD/SDI VIDEO IN
CAMERAREMOTE
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POV Cameras
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Airblown fiber
Arizona Cardinals’ University of Phoenix Stadium
150’/minute
Junction boxes Termination
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Fiber Terminology:Multimode vs. Single Mode
This is the most misunderstood issue when people talk about Fiber Optics
?
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– Light travels down Multiple Paths (bounces)
– Labeled 50/125 or 62.5/125
Fiber Terminology:Multimode vs. Single ModeMultimode:• The “first” fiber optic
cables: early 1970’s• Thicker diameter: 50 or
62.5 microns•Most common in older,
established infrastructures for data LANS, Rings, etc.•Does NOT mean it
carries multiple signals. Both MM & SM do that!
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– Light travels directly down a Single path
– Labeled 8/125
Fiber Terminology:Multimode vs. Single Mode
Single Mode:• Came later: late 1980’s• Skinnier diameter: 8
microns
• Less loss = more bandwidth
• High def (big bandwidth) requires Single Mode for longer than 500 feet.
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Venues using Telecast Fiber
Philadelphia PhilliesPhiladelphia Flyers/SixersPortland TrailblazersShea StadiumYankees Stadium
CollegeAlabamaArkansasBYUCentral FloridaFlorida StateIllinoisIowaKansas StateMarylandMichiganMichigan StateMissouriNebraskaNorth Carolina StateOhio StateOklahoma State
Oregon Oregon StatePenn StateStanfordTexas A&MTexas TechSouth CarolinaStanfordTennesseeTexasUtahWashingtonWisconsinVanderbiltVirginia Tech
AlsoWhite HouseU.S. SenateU.S. House of RepsPentagonFBI
Augusta NationalBaltimore Ravens StadiumBradley Center, MilwaukeeBroncos' Stadium, DenverCarolina HurricanesConseco Fieldhouse, IndianaCoors Field, DenverCore States CenterDallas CowboysDaytona SpeedwayMinute Maid Park, HoustonEricsson Stadium, PanthersFenway Park, BostonFirstar Center, CincinnatiGillette Stadium, PatriotsGund Arena, ClevelandHouston Livestock Show & RodeoJacobs Field, Cleveland Keil Center, St. LouisLambeau Field, Green BayLas Vegas Motor SpeedwayMadison Square Garden, NYMetrodome, MinneapolisMighty Ducks, AnaheimPadre's Stadium, San DiegoPepsi Center– Denver
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MX
Fiber Connectors:
• STs, LCs, and SCs:– Pre-terminated or field terminatable
– Easy-to-use field termination kits exist
• Practice makes perfect
• Harsh Environment Connectors– “MX” Connector – Expanded Beam
• “Hybrid” Connectors– Copper and Fiber
• Provide Electrical and Optical connections• Not as reliable, as the two materials have
different properties – Expansion/Contraction in extreme temps– Bend and stretch characteristics
ST LC
SC
SMPTE “Hybrid”
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Connections: Flat Polish
LC
SMPTE “Hybrid”
ST• ST, SC, LC, SMPTE Hybrid• Criticial Alignment – butted
together at 8 Microns!• Can fail if dirt or dust gets
in the way or scratches the surface
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Connections: Expanded Beam
MX Connector
• Alignment not so critical• Less susceptible to dirt
or dust in the path • Lenses never touch, so
dirt doesn’t scratch the surface. Cleans easily!