Post on 20-May-2015
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IEEE Tutorial on IPTVIPTV End-User SystemShuji HirakawaToshiba Corporation
IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting / Associate EditorProceedings of the IEEE, Editorial Board MemberIEC Technical Committee 100 (TC 100) SecretaryITU-R Working Party 6M (WP 6M) Vice Chairman
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ContentsDr. Sheau’s question and his answersTelco IPTV service types
The number of FTTH service subscribers in JapanExisting FTTH services
International Standardizations IEC TC 100 and its Technical Area 9 for end-user networkingITU-T FG on IPTV Working Group 5 for end system
MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PSTelco IPTV service using MPEG2-TS and MPEG-PS
Requirement for IPTV end-user devicesEnd-user device block diagram and protocol stackOther requirements for IPTV end-user devices
End-user network and IPTV services
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What is IPTV?Dr. Sheau Ng (Vice President, NBC Universal) raised the question what IPTV is. He gave us the following answers in his paper: Internet Video (Type 1)Telco IPTV (Type 2)TV Over Net or Web TV (Type 3)
End-user devices should receive as many services as possible.Detailed descriptions of three types are in the following:
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Type 1: Internet Video (TV)Video content that is streamed over the internet to a home PC. User has to navigate, typically via the web browser on their home PC, to a particular website, selects the desired video contents to be viewed, and wait for the video streaming to begin.Typically, content is viewed on the PC display, rather than a television display, unlike traditional TV content. Users usually need traditional PC navigation devices, such as a keyboard and a mouse, to interact with the application and make his/her content selection.In the first presentation, it is called as ‘Internet TV.’
E.g., YouTube, Google Video, etc in USA Gyao, etc in Japan.
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Type 2: Telco IPTVVideo services comprising a line-up of traditional TV programs, often in metaphors familiar to traditional TV users. Users typically can choose to watch a “channel” of “linear” TV content. The service is very similar, and sometimes identical, to a cable or satellite TV service. A set-top-box (STB) is used to provide the video signal to a TV receiver display in consumer's home.In some cases, a digital TV setcan be a target receiver of telco IPTV services.The user typically uses a remote control to navigate, select and interact with contents.
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Type 3: TV Over Net or Web TVA new TV receiver, or an adapter box, will have an Ethernet (RJ-45) jack that is used by the TV to navigate out onto the internet to access specific websites where either live or on-demand video content can be streamed to the TV. In some parts of the world, such as Japan and parts of Europe, TV receivers that previously use the internet to access non-video data (e.g., local weather, traffic conditions, sports score, etc.) are now able to access video content over the internet. User uses a remote control to navigate, through the internet-enabled TV receivers, the content selection.
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Telco IPTV Service Types‘Linear’ IPTV (Type 2) is exactly the same ‘multi-channel television’ service as Cable Television and Satellite Television systems are providing. (I learned the fact at Telecom 2006 in Hong Kong)
Cable Television + DOCSIS (high-speed internet / IP-phone) = Triple-PlayTelephone + Cupper-DSL (high-speed internet + IPTV) = Triple-PlayFTTH (High-speed internet + IP-phone + IPTV) = Triple-Play
An additional element is ‘VoD’ for which conventional Cable Television systems are not so suitable.There are quite deferent roll-out plans of IPTV services region by region.
In USA, telco IPTV providers are competing with Cable Television Multiple-System Operators. MSOs are still dominant in USA and triple-play providers.In Japan, FTTH becomes quite popular right now. FTTH subscribersincreased 61 % in Year 2006 and became 8.80 Millions while high-speed Cable Internet subscribers were 3.61 Millions as of the end of 2006.
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High-speed internet access subscribers in Japan
Horizontal: Time, e.g. [18 ] 2006, Vertical: The number of subscribers in 10 thousand.
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Existing FTTH servicesI am receiving several ‘advertising leaflets’ inserted into newspapers in a week.There are two major FTTH providers in my area.
One provider serves 100 Mbit/sec access per subscriber.The other serves shared 100 Mbit/sec access for individual household however it has additional optical-RF transmission multi-channel TV service using wavelength multiplexing (Sky-Perfect Optical).
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Two examples of triple-play service using FTTH
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International Standardization Activities in IECEnd-user system comprises ‘terminal (device)’ and ‘end-user network.’International Electrotechnical Committee TC 100 (Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment) has two Technical Areas (TAs):
IEC TC 100/TA 1: Terminals for audio, video and data services and contentIEC TC 100/TA 9: Audio, video and multimedia applications for end-user network
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IP connection within end-user networkIEC TC 100 has developed two International Standards based on DLNA Specifications.
IEC 62481-1 Ed.1: DLNA Home networked device interoperability guidelines - Part 1: Architecture and ProtocolsIEC 62481-2 Ed.1: DLNA Home networked device interoperability guidelines - Part 2: Media Formats See next page
‘DTCP-IP’ allows end-user IP network to carry HDTV content between TV receiver and digital recording devices under localization restriction (a measured RTT should be less than 7 milliseconds.)
DTCP: Digital Transmission Content ProtectionRTT: Round Trip Time
An end-user device with HDTV video decoding capability has high-speed IP connectivity using an RJ-45 connector at least. Show an example later
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Standardization in ITU-T Focus Group on IPTVITU-T Focus Group on IPTV is discussing mainly Type 2 system (Telco IPTV).ITU-T FG IPTV WG 5 (end systems) is divided into two sub-working groups:
Terminal devices (TDs) / End-user devicesHome network / End-user network
Access GW
Primary Domain
(IP-HN-P) IPTV TD
Secondary Domain
IPTV-NW (e.g. NGN)
IP (IP-HN-S)
non-IP (PR-HN-S)
HN-TD
IP-HN-P: IP Home Network Primary IP-HN-S: IP Home Network Secondary PR-HN-S: Proprietary Home Network Secondary
U- Interface
NT
BC-NW
IPI-4 IPI-3 IPI-1 IPI-0/IP1-1
Home Network
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MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS ‘Linear’ IPTV (Type 2) is using MPEG2-TS mechanism.
Some ‘channels’ of Linear IPTV services come from off-air digital television broadcasting that are using MPEG2-TS.MPEG2-TS may be recorded directly by end-user recording devices.
Telco IPTV enterprise may provide also VoD service using file downloading mechanism into end-user recording media.
Playback from end-user recording media is using MPEG-PS mechanism.
Internet TV (Type 1) providers also use MPEG-Program Stream (MPEG-PS) file downloading mechanism
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MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS (Cont.)
Video content is encoded into Elementary Stream (ES) by MPEG2/4-AVC Encoder.ES is transformed into Packetized Elementary Stream (PES)‘Linear’ IPTV service is based on MPEG2-Transport Stream (MPEG2-TS).
PES is carried by MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS.MPEG2-TS makes use of PCR information in order to lock MPEG decoding 27 MHz clock to encoding 27 MHz clock frequency.MPEG2-TS makes use of ‘push’ technology.
Almost of all VoD services are based on MPEG-PS.There is no need to lock MPEG decoding 27 MHz to any frequency resources. MPEG-PS is based on ‘pull’ technology supposing sufficient buffer storage without buffer-full nor buffer-empty.
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An example of Telco IPTV services
Off-air channel re-broadcasting ‘Linear’ IPTV
MPEG2-TS/PES
Off-air channel Data Broadcasting
MPEG2-TS/Section Carousel Transmission
Original Channels
‘Linear’IPTV
Content Downloading
VoD
Using MPEG-
PS
IP Multicast IP Unicast
Stre
am T
ype
File
Typ
e
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Requirement of IPTV end-user devicesSet Top Box or Digital Television Receiver?Some of STBs may be distribute to IPTV subscribers (end-users) by a Telco IPTV enterprise while some of them are obtained from retail market.
Distributed STBs by some Telco IPTV enterprises may have ‘walled garden’ restriction for ‘linear’ TV and VoD services. HDTV output of STB may be displayed on a TV receiver using HDMI.
All digital television receivers are from retail market.End-users are like to connect their own property, TV receivers, to any possible source including off-air terrestrial RF channels, satellite channels, any STBs, Internet TV, telco IPTV, WebTV, etc.Current digital TV receiver has a lot of connecters on its back panel including HDMIs, VDIs, Terrestrial Coax, Satellite Coax, IEEE-1394s, RJ-45s, etc. Show an example later.
Remote controller and large screen display
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IPTV Terminal Device Block Diagram (FG IPTV)
Functional Architecture Block diagram of IPTV Terminal DeviceFrom FG IPTV Doc. 125
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An example of end-user device block diagram
RFTuner
RF signalFront End Processor
De-scramble
Com
munication
Processing
Coax
Streamingprocess
De-cipher
Port
MP
EG
2-TS D
e-MU
X
AudioDecoder
VideoDecoder
Caption
SI/EPG
BMLBrowserMPEG-PSPlayerControl
Post P
rocess/Overlay
AudioO
utH
DM
IIR
Rem
oteC
ontroller
BCASCard
SecurityModule
Internet Access
VoD ControlIPTV Channel
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Protocol Stack for ‘Off-Air’ digital broadcasting
MPEG2-TS (TS packet)
Section PES Section
EachCommunication
Protocol
Mono-media coding
Video/audio Data stream
Subtitle,Superimpose
Multimedia coding
Multimedia serviceTV, audio
Service
CarouselTransmission
Format
PHY of Digital Broadcasting System
OFDM/FEC, 8Vsb/FEC for terrestrial
QPSK/8-PSK/FEC for satellite
Two-way Network
(non-mobile network, mobile
network)
From ARIB STD-B24
PSI/SI
Programindex
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Protocol Stack for ‘Linear’ IPTV Services
MPEG2-TS (TS packet)Section PES Section
CommunicationProtocol
for TCP/IP
Mono-media coding
Video/audio Data stream
Subtitle,SuperimposePSI/SI
Programindex
Multimedia coding
Multimedia serviceTV, audioService
Carousel Transmission
Format
IP
UDP
Realtime Transport Protocol TCP
Typical ‘Linear’ IPTV Service Protocol Stack
Time-stamped TS / PCR de-jitter
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Requirement for recording and/or retentionRegardless of types of end-user devices, IPTV STB or digital TV receiver, end-user devices may have retention and/or recording capability using digital recording media, such as HDD.
Next digital TV receiver has a USB connector for external HDDs in addition to LAN connection.
There are many rules and technologies to protect content rights and businesses.
It is very hard to foresee the future of this area right now.Content protection scheme is deeply influenced by relevant all service providers (content, access, IPTV service, etc.)Removable security device is one solution.
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An example of digital TV receiver back panelIt has three RJ-45 connectors:
one for a direct connection to HGW for 4th MEDIA (Linear IPTV and VoD provider using FTTH)One for external HDD for recording and retentionOne for general purpose IP connection, for special EPG, Internet TV including ‘Actvila’ (www.actvila.jp), etc.
RJ-45 x 3:for HDD, for General Purpose, and for 4th MEDIA
HDMI x 2for 1080/60P
USB for HDD
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End-user network and IPTV services
This diagram may represent topological connection between Telco IPTV service providers and end-user devices (TV sets or STBs) including end-user networkEnd-user network is complicated for IPTV subscribers and also for IPTV service providers.
Audience rateserver
Broad casting
Content provider
Content Delivery PF
Multicast network
Video stream
Channel Info.
HGW: Home gate way
TV for IPTV service
STB
HGWSTB
Content delivery center
DBAudience rate
reports TV for IPTV service
Router
TV for IPTV service
System architecture of audience rating system from FG IPTV Doc. 125
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Primary and secondary domains of end-user networkEnd-user network is consist of primary domain network and secondary domain network according to the ITU-T FG IPTV Document 126.An IPTV end-user device can be connected to an Access Network through the Access Gateway and Primary Domain Network, Secondary Domain Networks in addition to RF connection to Broadcasting Service Network.
Access GW
Primary Domain
(IP-HN-P) IPTV TD
Secondary Domain
IPTV-NW (e.g. NGN)
IP (IP-HN-S)
non-IP (PR-HN-S)
HN-TD
IP-HN-P: IP Home Network Primary IP-HN-S: IP Home Network Secondary PR-HN-S: Proprietary Home Network Secondary
U- Interface
NT
BC-NW
IPI-4 IPI-3 IPI-1 IPI-0/IP1-1
Home Network
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PHYs of end-user networkThere are four media for end-user network PHY layer.
Regular wired connection: Category 5/6/7 twisted pair linePower Line TransmissionTV Antenna Coaxial Cable TransmissionWireless Transmission
An access provider in Japan is proposing its subscriber to rent any end-user network media except regular wired connection.
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Requirement for end-user network connectivityRecording capability is very important for IPTV STB and digital TV receiver.DLNA provides content viewing of recording equipment (Digital Media Server) by a large screen flat panel display such as digital TV receiver (Digital Media Player).Content including HDTV is transmitted over IP connection of end-user network.IP connection is protected by DTCP-IP in case of Japan.End-user network is existing while there are so many cases household by household.
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ClosingTelco IPTV services are quite similar to multi-channel cable television services by Cable TV MSO.End-users/IPTV Subscribers are like to connect their digital TV to any possible video sources, such as off-air channels, satellite-channels, premium channels, ‘Internet TVs’, Webs, etc.TV is with large screen and remote-controller for watching with ‘sit-back’ situation.Recent digital TV receiver is just as same as PC considering their hardware architecture.IP connection devices are extremely cheap and easy to obtain from retail market.End-user network is existing but complicated.
Thank you for your attention
Shuji Hirakawa, IEC TC 100 Secretary
shuji.hirakawa@toshiba.co.jp