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Glossary of AidFlows terms
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This Glossary is organized alphabetical by section, with the exception of Development Statistics
& Goals.
II. World Bank Group DEFINITIONS
Click here for Trust Fund Definitions
AidFlows Acronyms:
World Bank
Group
Development
Statistics and
Goals:
By WBG entity:
World Bank (IBRD & IDA)
IFC
MIGA
III. Asian Development Bank DEFINITIONS:
I. OECD DEFINITIONS
Donor and Beneficiary View terminology as set out by OECD-DAC
Please click on a section below
By WBG entity:
World Bank (IBRD & IDA)
IFC
MIGA
By WBG entity:
World Bank (IBRD & IDA)
IV. Inter American Development Bank
DEFINITIONS:
Glossary of AidFlows terms OECD
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OECD DEFINITIONS:
Bilateral ODA Bilateral transactions are those undertaken by a donor country directly with an aid recipient. They also include transactions with national and international non-government organizations active in development and other internal development-related transactions such as interest subsidies, spending on promotion of development awareness and administrative costs. Bilateral ODA includes project and programme aid, technical cooperation, developmental food aid, debt relief and humanitarian aid.
Commitment A firm obligation, expressed in writing and backed by the necessary funds, undertaken by an official donor to provide specified assistance to a recipient country or a multilateral organisation. Bilateral commitments are recorded in the full amount of expected transfer, irrespective of the time required for the completion of disbursements. Commitments to multilateral organisations are reported as the sum of (i) any disbursements in the year reported on which have not previously been notified as commitments and (ii) expected disbursements in the following year.
Country Programmable Aid (CPA)
Country Programmable Aid (CPA) is the portion of aid donors programme at country/regional level. It is closer to capturing actual aid flows to countries than the concept of Official Development Assistance (ODA), and has been proven a good proxy for aid recorded at country level. CPA is defined through exclusions, by subtracting from total gross bilateral ODA activities that: (i) are inherently unpredictable (humanitarian aid and debt relief) (ii) entail no cross-border flows (administrative costs, imputed student costs, promotion of development awareness, and costs related to research and refugees in donor countries) (iii) do not form part of co-operation agreements between governments (food aid, aid from local governments, core funding to NGOs, ODA equity investments, aid through secondary agencies, and aid which is not allocable by country or region)
Constant Dollars
In DAC publications, flow data are expressed in US dollars (USD). To give a truer idea of the volume of flows over time, data can be presented in constant prices and exchange rates, with a reference year specified. This means that adjustment has been made to cover both inflation in the donor’s currency between the year in question and the reference year, and changes in the exchange rate between that currency and the United States dollar over the same period. The DAC has developed deflators for resource flows that convert data in current dollars (i.e. using the exchange rates prevailing in the year of the flow) to data in constant dollars (i.e. to dollars with
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the purchasing power they had in a recent reference year). The methodology is explained on the OECD’s website. The OECD section of the of AidFlows contains data stated in constant US dollars with the exception of the two graphs in the tab "ODA as % of GNI & per Capita" which are in current dollars as as percentages, the current/constant distinction is irrelevant.
Development Assistance Committee (DAC):
Development Assistance Committee (DAC) is the specialized committee of the OECD that serves as a forum for discussions on aid and development among the main Western aid donors. It comprises 28 countries and the European Commission (EC). For the purpose of data reporting, the EC is not included. Apart from DAC members, many non-DAC countries report to the OECD on their development finance flows.
DAC Members The DAC has 29 DAC members: 1. Australia 2. Austria 3. Belgium 4. Canada 5. The Czech Republic 6. Denmark 7. Finland 8. France 9. Germany 10. Greece 11. Iceland 12. Ireland 13. Italy 14. Japan 15. Korea 16. Luxembourg 17. The Netherlands 18. New Zealand 19. Norway 20. Poland 21. Portugal 22. Slovak Republic 23. Slovenia 24. Spain 25. Sweden 26. Switzerland 27. United Kingdom 28. United States 29. European Union Institutions
DAC-EU Members The 19 members of the European Union that are also members of
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the DAC. This set of countries does not include the entire membership of the European Union.
Debt Relief Includes total debt forgiveness and other action on debt such as debt conversion and debt buybacks.
Disbursement The release of funds to or the purchase of goods or services for a recipient; by extension, the amount thus spent. Disbursements record the actual international transfer of financial resources, or of goods or services valued at the cost to the donor. In the case of activities carried out in donor countries, such as training, administration or public awareness programmes, disbursement is taken to have occurred when the funds have been transferred to the service provider or the recipient. They may be recorded gross (the total amount disbursed over a given accounting period) or net (the gross amount less any repayments of loan principal or recoveries on grants received during the same period). It can take several years to disburse a commitment.
European Union Note: The data referred to under European Union are calculated as a sum of available data for EU countries.
G7 Note: The data referred to under G7 are calculated as a sum of available data for G7 countries.
G8 Note: The data referred to under G8 are calculated as a sum of available data for G8 countries.
Gross National Income (GNI) Gross National Income (GNI): previously known as Gross National Product (GNP), Gross National Income comprises the total value of goods and services produced within a country (i.e. its Gross Domestic Product), together with its income received from other countries (notably interest and dividends), less similar payments made to other countries.
Multilateral ODA Multilateral contributions made by a donor to a recipient institution which: 1. conducts all or part of its activities in favor of development; 2. is an international agency, institution or organization whose members are governments, or a fund managed autonomously by such an agency; and 3. pools contributions so that they lose their identity and become an integral part of its financial assets.
Multilateral ODA: Other Agencies
Other Agencies refer to Multilateral Development Banks, UN Agencies and other organizations such as the GFATM.
Multilateral outflows As opposed to multilateral ODA (those flows from bilateral
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providers of development co-operation to core resources of a multilateral organisation), multilateral outflows is the spending by multilateral organisations of their core resources. These data are collected by the OECD in order to provide a more detailed picture of the geographical and sectoral allocation of funds going to recipient countries.
Net Debt Relief Grants Includes debt forgiveness, other action on debt, and offsetting entries for forgiven debt. Rescheduled loans are not included.
Official Development Assistance (ODA)
Official Development Assistance (ODA) is defined as those flows to developing countries on the DAC List of ODA Recipients and to multilateral development institutions which are: 1. provided by official agencies, including state and local
governments, or by their executive agencies;
2. and each transaction of which: a. is administered with the promotion of the economic
development and welfare of developing countries as its main objective; and
b. is concessional in character and conveys a grant element of at least 25 per cent (calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent per annum).
ODA data in this report are based on net disbursements in current US dollars (Table DAC1).
Other Multilaterals In this report, comprise UN agencies, European Commission (EC), Montreal Protocol (MP), Global Environment Facility (GEF), Regional Development Banks (RDBs), and other recipient institutions as defined above. The Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (GFATM) reported in Bilateral ODA.
Recipient institutions Multilateral agencies such as UN agencies, EC development agencies, IDA, GEF, Regional Development Banks, etc.
Sector Allocable Aid As only a portion of aid can be allocated to sectors, when measuring shares of aid to specific sectors it is recommended to limit the denominator to aid that can be apportioned. Otherwise there is an implicit assumption that none of the aid unallocable by sector benefits the specific sectors under review. Sector allocable contributions cover sectors 100 to 400 or purpose codes 11110 to 43082 of the list. Contributions not subject to allocation include general budget support, actions related to debt, humanitarian aid and internal transactions in the donor country.
World Bank Comprises International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
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(IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and International Finance Corporation (IFC). (In World Bank terminology, the four listed institutions comprise the World Bank Group, and the term “World Bank” applies to IBRD or IBRD and IDA together.)
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WORLD BANK GROUP DEFINITIONS:
Fiscal year July 1 to June 30
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) makes loans and grants and provides analytical and advisory services to middle-income and creditworthy poorer countries, promoting sustainable development to reduce poverty.
International Development Association (IDA)
IDA generally provides interest-free loans (“credits”) and grants to the poorest developing countries in order to boost their economic growth and improve living conditions. IDA complements the World Bank's other lending arm - the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
IFC promotes private sector investment in client countries.
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
ICSID settles investment disputes between foreign investors and their host countries.
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
MIGA provides political risk insurance (guarantees) to investors and lenders in client countries.
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WORLD BANK (IBRD & IDA) DEFINITIONS
Donor View Definitions:
Amounts Paid-in see note on Contributions Paid-in
Amounts Subject to Call (IBRD)
The subscription of each member is in two parts: paid-in and subject to call. The callable portion may be called by IBRD only as needed to meet its bond and guarantee obligations.
Contributions Funds provided or to be provided based on the basis of a signed agreement between Donor(s) and IDA or the Bank (as trustee/ administrator for the trust fund).
Contributions Paid-In Amount of Contribution received by the Bank in the form of Cash or Promissory Notes. All contributions paid-in (cash and promissory notes, net of certain discounts) are reported based on historical values using the date of receipt. For cash receipts, the Foreign Exchange value is posted when the FX conversion has been effected. For trust funds, Contributions paid-In may include Contribution transfers from other trust funds. Where applicable, transfer amounts are footnoted on a cumulative basis; and in presentation of the total contribution amount net of transfers between trust funds by fiscal year. For FIFs, contributions-paid in may include transfers to or from other funds. Minor double counting may occur.
Donor Any entity including sovereign governments, intergovernmental
institutions, private nonprofit entities, and private for-profit
organizations that contributes funds to IDA or to be held in trust by
IBRD. A World Bank Group entity is considered a donor when
making a contribution from its own income or from surplus.
Donor Agency (under All Funds tab)
Refers to the Government Agency (if applicable) from which the donor contribution is received
Financial Intermediary Funds (FIFs)
Trust funds that involve financial engineering or complex financial mechanisms, or where the Bank provides a specified set of administrative, financial, or operational services.
Fiscal year July 1 to June 30
Fund (under all Funds tab) Refer to the Trust Fund program as recorded in the WBG systems
IDA and GEF Replenishment The value of contributions using the corresponding Replenishment at
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data (Historical US$ M)
the agreed exchange rate.
IDA Replenishments
The process of periodic review of the adequacy of IDA resources and authorization of additional subscriptions. Under IDA's Board of Governors, Replenishments require approval by a two-thirds majority of the total voting power. IDA Replenishment data (Historical US$ M and Basic Share %) - amounts show the value of contributions using the corresponding Replenishment agreed exchange rate. Basic Share % represents donor basic burdenshare for IDA replenishments. Supplemental amounts are any amounts contributed beyond the amount of the basic burdenshare.
ID00 = Initial Subscription for Membership FY84 = FY84 account (special contributions provided in FY84) SPLF = Special Facility Fund (special contributions provided in FY84) SFA = Special Facility (special contributions provided in FY86-88 for the African Facility Fund) INTF = Interim Trust Fund - First year of IDA11 (FY97) MDRI = Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative
GEF Replenishments
GEF Replenishment data (Historical US$ M and Basic Share %) - amounts show the value of contributions using the corresponding Replenishment agreed exchange rate. Basic Share % represents donor basic burdenshare for GEF replenishments. Contributions to the GEF Pilot Phase (GF00) and contributions from recipient donors are not structured based on burden-sharing and therefore basic shares are not applicable.
GF00 = GEF Pilot Phase GF01 = First Replenishment of the GEF GF02 = Second Replenishment of the GEF GF03 = Third Replenishment of the GEF GF04 = Fourth Replenishment of the GEF GF05= Fifth Replenishment of the GEF
Grant Funds made available to an external recipient or the Bank for
implementation of development activities that carry no repayment
obligation when utilized for the agreed activities. Grant amounts are
included in Commitment figures and Disbursements. Grant amounts
are not included in Outstanding Balances considering that grant
funds disbursed are not repayable.
Grant Types The World Bank has three types of grants: i)Stand-alone; ii) Co-financing - Funding provided to supplement IBRD/IDA loans,
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credits, grants, or guarantees provided for a particular project or program iii) Debt Service
Outstanding Contributions Amount of the Contribution yet to be paid-in.
Promissory Note A promise to pay which is irrevocable and legally binding. Promissory notes are payable on demand, can be paid in accordance with agreed schedules, and are non-interest bearing.
Ranking
Rank in descending order of members with respect to % of Voting Power.
Recipient Executed Trust Fund
Recipient Executed Trust Funds are used to prepare and co-finance IBRD/IDA projects, GEF projects and to fully finance other Recipient Executed (RE) Projects. The Bank introduced the RE Product Line in June 2006 as a step among others towards enhanced recording of deliverables and cost relating to such recipient executed, trust fund financed, projects.
Subscribed Amounts (IBRD, IFC, MIGA)
Amount of shares allocated or authorized under a specific Board of Governors resolution, and issued to members.
Trust Fund A financing arrangement set up with contributions from one or more donors and in some cases from a World Bank Group entity. A Trust Fund can be country specific, regional, or global in its geographic scope; it can be free-standing, i.e., financing a set of pre-defined activities, or it can be on a programmatic basis.
Trust Fund data (Donor view only) includes all TF types but excludes Externally Funded Outputs (EFOs) and ICSID trust funds. Trust Fund data in the Beneficiary view includes only Recipient Executed Trust Funds.
Trustee (column under “All Funds” tab)
Refers to the TF number used in the World Bank system to identify the account to which contributions are received from donors.
The World Bank The World Bank or “the Bank” generally refers to IBRD or IBRD and IDA together.
Unsubscribed Shares (%) (IBRD, IFC, MIGA)
% of shares not allocated or authorized to a member under a specific Board of Governors resolution.
Unsubscribed Voting Power (%) (IBRD)
See unsubscribed shares.
Voting Power (IBRD, IFC, MIGA) Each shareholder is allocated a certain number of votes linked to the size of its shareholding. The votes include a specified number of
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membership votes (which is the same for all members) and additional votes based on the number of shares held. The number of votes of a member expressed as a percentage of the total number of votes held by all shareholders is the member’s voting power.
Voting Power (IDA) IDA's voting rights consist of a combination of membership and subscription votes. Voting rights accorded to IDA members are based on participation in the initial subscription and subsequent replenishments. All members -- Part I and Part II -- have the same number of membership votes. Voting rights accorded to IDA members are based on subscriptions and contributions. Subscription votes are calculated at a specific cost per vote for each replenishment and are dependent on each members' subscription amount. Additional votes are provided to members who contribute to the replenishment.
WORLD BANK (IBRD & IDA) DEFINITIONS
Beneficiary View Definitions:
Disbursements (by fiscal year) Principal outflow in the course of the fiscal year.
Donor Any entity including sovereign governments, intergovernmental
institutions, private nonprofit entities, and private for-profit
organizations that contributes funds to IDA or to be held in trust by
IBRD. A World Bank Group entity is considered a donor when
making a contribution from its own income or from surplus.
Fiscal year July 1 to June 30
Grant Funds made available to an external recipient or the Bank for
implementation of development activities that carry no repayment
obligation when utilized for the agreed activities. Grant amounts are
included in Commitment figures and Disbursements. Grant amounts
are not included in Outstanding Balances considering that grant
funds disbursed are not repayable.
Gross Commitments (by fiscal
year)
Total amount of loan and grant approvals by the Executive Directors
of the World Bank in the course of a fiscal year. Amounts include
guarantees approved by the Board of Directors during the fiscal year.
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IBRD/IDA TF Co-financed An arrangement under which funds provided by third parties (the co-
financier(s)) are associated with IBRD/IDA funds or guarantees
provided for a particular project or program.
IBRD/IDA TF Disbursements Disbursements made under an IBRD/IDA Trust Fund Program: A set
of Trust Fund(s) with shared development objective(s) established
under a common governance set-up.
Number of IBRD/IDA & TF
Projects
The total number of grants approved in the course of a fiscal year.
Outstanding Balances Stock amount of the cumulative principal disbursements to clients,
which remains outstanding at fiscal year-end. IDA grant amounts are
not included.
Undisbursed Commitments (as
of a fiscal year-end)
Stock amount available for disbursement at fiscal year-end.
Amounts do not include guarantees. For IDA, undisbursed grant
amounts and PPA (Project Preparation Facility) are included.
World Bank The World Bank or “the Bank” generally refers to IBRD or IBRD and
IDA together.
WORLD BANK GROUP DEFINITIONS
IFC Definitions:
B-loans Loans for which IFC is lender of record and in which commercial banks or other financial institutions acquire participations. Participants share risks with IFC, Pari Passu. IFC will originate loan for account of participants only when it makes A-Loan for its own account. Interest, or participation, of banks in B-loan is always non-recourse to IFC.
Disbursement
Principal outflow from IFC to a client, in accordance with the Investment Agreement.
Fiscal year July 1 to June 30
Gross Commitments (by fiscal year)
Amount of the legal obligations, entered into by IFC in the course of a fiscal year, to provide financial products to IFC clients, including the amount related to any B-loans.
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Investment Agreement
Set of legal documents defining contractual rights and obligations between IFC and a client related to the provision of Financial Products, including Restructuring and Rescheduling agreements.
Outstanding Balances
For Loans For Equity For Guarantee
Stock amount of disbursements to clients, which remains outstanding at fiscal year-end. Outstanding balances are IFC’s exposure to a client (not including B-loans), calculated according to product, as follows:
Cumulative principal disbursements from IFC to a client in accordance with the Investment Agreement, net of Sales, Transfers, Repayments, Prepayments, Discounts, Write-Off - External, Write-Off - Internal, Conversions, and Capitalizations. Amounts paid for Purchased Loan - IFC and Notional Disbursements are included.
Cumulative principal disbursements from IFC to a client, in accordance with the Investment Agreement, net of Sales, Transfers, Write-Off - External, Write-Off - Internal, Conversions, and receipts from oil-related Unincorporated Joint Ventures (UJV) (which will reduce the amount until the balance for the project is zero).
IFC’s contingent financial obligation, based on a client's underlying outstanding financial obligation to the guaranteed party.
Undisbursed Commitments (as of a fiscal year-end)
Stock amount (net of cancellations and excluding B-loans) available for disbursement to, or execution for or with, a client, in accordance with IFC’s current legal obligation at fiscal year-end.
WORLD BANK GROUP DEFINITIONS:
MIGA Definitions: Gross Exposure The maximum amount of MIGA's contingent liability that it may be
obligated to pay in the event of claims under its insurance contracts.
Net Exposure Gross Exposure, less amounts that have been ceded to the reinsurers.
Fiscal year July 1 to June 30
Gross Guarantees Issued The amount of insurance contracts underwritten during the fiscal year.
Net Guarantees Issued Gross Guarantees issued, less amounts that have been ceded to the reinsurers.
Undisbursed Commitments (as of a fiscal year-end)
In the MIGA context, this term refers to Gross Exposure. Because the other World Bank Group entities are included in this graph, more general terminology was selected for the title in order to capture a
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degree of similarity across the Group. The amounts shown for MIGA and the other WBG entities are not directly comparable due to differing meanings for “commitment” across the entities. For any given country view, the Undisbursed Commitments shown refers to Net Exposure; At the institutional level, the Undisbursed Commitments shown refer to Gross Exposure.
Trust Fund Definitions:
Administration Agreement Agreement between the Bank and a donor specifying a Trust Fund’s purposes and scope of activities. An administration agreement also defines the nature of the Bank’s relationship with the donor and spells out, among other things, the arrangements governing the use of funds, progress and financial reporting, cost recovery fee, auditing, and disclosure of information.
Bank-Executed Trust Funds
Trust Funds that support the Bank’s work program.
Cash contributions Amount of contributions received by the Bank in the form of cash
(including encashment of Promissory Notes).
Commitments
Grant Commitments
Gross Commitments by fiscal year Undisbursed Commitments as of a fiscal year-end
Approval of financing for project(s) or activity(ies). The amount of grant funds committed in the course of a fiscal year. Total amount of financing for project(s) or activity(ies) approved by fiscal year. Total amount of financing for project(s) or activity(ies) approved net of cancellations, disbursements and transfers made.
Disbursement Payment made out of a Trust Fund account to eligible recipients, in accordance with the Administration Agreement, not including transfers from one Trust Fund to another. For FIFs, disbursements refer to transfers to recipients approved by the governing body.
Donor Any entity, including sovereign governments, intergovernmental institutions, private nonprofit entities, and private for-profit organizations, that makes funds available to be held in trust by IBRD. An entity of the World Bank Group is considered a donor when
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contributing to trust funds from its own net income or surplus.
Fiscal year July 1 to June 30
Grant Funds provided from a trust fund to an external recipient or the Bank
for implementation of trust-funded activities that carry no repayment obligation when utilized for the agreed activities. The external recipient agrees to implement the grant activities by signing a grant agreement.
Grant Agreement Agreement between the Bank and an external recipient of a trust fund, which governs the use of the donor’s grant. The agreement spells out the respective responsibilities of the Bank and the recipient.
IBRD/IDA TF Co-financed An arrangement under which funds provided by third parties [the co-
financier(s)] are associated with IBRD/IDA funds or guarantees
provided for a particular project or program.
IBRD/IDA TF Disbursements Disbursement made under an IBRD/IDA Trust Fund TF Program: A
set of Trust Fund(s) with shared development objective(s) established under a common governance set-up.
Number of IBRD/IDA & TF Projects
The total number of grants approved in the course of a fiscal year. A grant is considered approved when the World Bank Program Manager (or donor in rare cases) clears the Grant Funding Request.
Outstanding Balances Stock amount of disbursements to clients, which remains outstanding at fiscal year-end. Amounts disbursed as grants as not considered in outstanding amounts by their nature as grants.
Promissory note A document containing a promise to pay which is irrevocable and legally binding. Promissory notes are payable on demand, in accordance with agreed schedules, and are non-interest bearing.
Recipient Any entity that receives Trust Fund monies, including governmental, quasi-governmental, nongovernmental, or private institutions. The Bank may itself be the recipient of a Trust Fund in support of Bank activities.
Recipient-Executed Trust Fund A Trust Fund Grant that is provided to a third party under a grant
agreement, and for which the Bank plays an operational role – i.e.,
the Bank normally appraises and supervises activities financed by
these funds.
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Stand-alone TF project A project financed exclusively by a Trust Fund.
Trust Fund (TF) A financing arrangement in support of defined development
objective(s) set up with contributions from one or more donors, and
in some cases from an entity of the World Bank Group. A Trust Fund
can be country specific, regional, or global in its geographic scope; it
can be freestanding, i.e., financing a set of pre-defined activities, or
on a programmatic basis.
Trust Fund data (Donor view only) includes all TF types but excludes
Externally Funded Outputs (EFOs) and ICSID trust funds.
Trust Fund data in the Beneficiary view includes only Recipient
Executed Trust Funds, Carbon Funds, and co-financing portion of
IBRD/IDA lending.
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Development Statistics and Goals:
Beneficiary Recipient of funds or other benefits.
Key Development Indicators Selected indicators from among the primary World Bank collection of
development indicators, compiled from officially-recognized
international sources. They present the most current and accurate
global development data available, and include national, regional
and global estimates.
Millennium Development Goals The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight international
development goals that all 192 United Nations member states and at
least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve by the
year 2015. They include eradicating extreme poverty, reducing child
mortality rates, fighting disease epidemics such as AIDS, and
developing a global partnership for development.
GNI per capita GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national
income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas
method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value
added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less
subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of
primary income (compensation of employees and property income)
from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually
converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons
across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the
official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large
margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions.
To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas
method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a
conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year
and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of
inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries
(France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United
States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the
United Kingdom, and the United States.
Source World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National
Accounts data files.
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Surface area Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland
bodies of water and some coastal waterways.
Source Food and Agriculture Organization.
Population ages 15 to 64 Population ages 15 to 64 is the total population that is in the age
group 15 to 64. Population is based on the de facto definition of
population.
Population growth Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of
growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a
percentage. Population is based on the de facto definition of
population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or
citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the
country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the
population of the country of origin.
Source Derived from total population. Population source: (1) United
Nations Population Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The
2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic
and Social Affairs.
Urban population (% of total) Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by
national statistical offices. It is calculated using World Bank
population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations
World Urbanization Prospects.
Source United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident
producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the
valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income
(compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.
Data are in current U.S. dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency,
is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for
comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used
when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an
exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in
international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and
exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the
World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the
exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted
for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through
2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United
Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include
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the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Source World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National
Accounts data files.
GNI per capita, Atlas method
(current US$)
GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national
income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas
method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value
added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less
subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of
primary income (compensation of employees and property income)
from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually
converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons
across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the
official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large
margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions.
To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas
method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a
conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year
and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of
inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries
(France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United
States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the
United Kingdom, and the United States.
Source World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National
Accounts data files.
GNI per capita, PPP (current
international $)
GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is
gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using
purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same
purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States.
GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any
product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output
plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees
and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international
dollars.
Source World Bank, International Comparison Program database
GDP growth (annual %) Annual percentage growth rate of GDP at market prices based on
constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S.
dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident
producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any
subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated
without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or
Glossary of AidFlows terms World Bank Group
20
for depletion and degradation of natural resources.
Source World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National
Accounts data files.
Poverty headcount ratio at
$1.25 a day (PPP) (% of
population)
Population below $1.25 a day is the percentage of the population
living on less than $1.25 a day at 2005 international prices. As a
result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual
countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier
editions. Note: Data showing as 2.0 signifies a poverty rate of less
than 2.0 percent.
Source World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based
on primary household survey data obtained from government
statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for
high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study
database.
Poverty gap at national poverty
line
Poverty gap at national poverty line is the mean shortfall from the
poverty line (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall) as a
percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of
poverty as well as its incidence.
Source World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based
on World Bank's country poverty assessments and country Poverty
Reduction Strategies.
Life expectancy at birth, total
(years)
Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn
infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its
birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Source Derived from male and female life expectancy at birth. Male
and female life expectancy source: (1) United Nations Population
Division. 2009. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New
York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affair
Infant Mortality rate (per 1,000
live births)
Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching
one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.
Source Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF,
WHO, World Bank, UNPD, universities and research institutions).
Malnutrition prevalence (% of
children under 5)
Prevalence of child malnutrition is the percentage of children under
age 5 whose weight for age is more than two standard deviations
below the median for the international reference population ages 0-
59 months. The data are based on the WHO's new child growth
standards released in 2006.
Glossary of AidFlows terms World Bank Group
21
Source World Health Organization, Global Database on Child Growth
and Malnutrition.
Literacy rate, adult male (% of
males ages 15 and above)
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above
who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple
statement on their everyday life.
Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.
Literacy rate, adult female (% of
females ages 15 and above)
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above
who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple
statement on their everyday life.
Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.
School enrollment, primary,
female (% gross)
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of
age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to
the level of education shown. Primary education provides children
with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an
elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography,
natural science, social science, art, and music.
Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.
School enrollment, primary,
male (% gross)
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of
age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to
the level of education shown. Primary education provides children
with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an
elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography,
natural science, social science, art, and music.
Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.
Improved water source (% of
population with access)
Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage of the
population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water
from an improved source, such as a household connection, public
standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, and rainwater
collection. Unimproved sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and
unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined as the
availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within
one kilometer of the dwelling.
Source World Health Organization and United Nations Children's
Glossary of AidFlows terms World Bank Group
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Fund, Joint Measurement Programme (JMP)
(http://www.wssinfo.org/)
Improved sanitation facilities (%
of population with access)
Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the percentage of
the population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal
facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect
contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but
protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To
be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly
maintained.
Source World Health Organization and United Nations Children's
Fund, Joint Measurement Programme (JMP)
(http://www.wssinfo.org/)
Share of income or
consumption to the poorest
quintile
Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues
to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles.
Source World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based
on primary household survey data obtained from government
statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for
high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study
database.
School enrollment, primary (%
net)
Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age
based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997
who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding
official school age. Primary education provides children with basic
reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary
understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural
science, social science, art, and music.
Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.
Primary completion rate, total
(% of relevant age group)
Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing
the last year of primary school. It is calculated by taking the total
number of students in the last grade of primary school, minus the
number of repeaters in that grade, divided by the total number of
children of official graduation age.
Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.
School enrollment, secondary
(% gross)
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of
age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to
the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the
Glossary of AidFlows terms World Bank Group
23
provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and
aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human
development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction
using more specialized teachers.
Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.
Youth Literacy rate, total (% of
people ages 15-24)
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can,
with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on
their everyday life.
Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.
Ratio of girls to boys in primary
and secondary education (%)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the
percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels
in public and private schools.
Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.
Women employed in the
nonagricultural sector (% of
nonagricultural employment)
Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector is the share
of female workers in the nonagricultural sector (industry and
services), expressed as a percentage of total employment in the
nonagricultural sector. Industry includes mining and quarrying
(including oil production), manufacturing, construction, electricity,
gas, and water, corresponding to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or
tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3). Services include wholesale
and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and
communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business
services; and community, social, and personal services-
corresponding to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation
categories G-P (ISIC revision 3).
Source International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the
Labour Market database.
Proportion of seats held by
women in national parliaments
(%)
Women in parliaments are the percentage of parliamentary seats in
a single or lower chamber held by women.
Source United Nations, Women's Indicators and Statistics database
(www.ipu.org)
Under-5 mortality rate Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn
Glossary of AidFlows terms World Bank Group
24
baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to current age-
specific mortality rates.
Source Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF,
WHO, World Bank, UNPD, universities and research institutions).
Measles immunization (% of 1
year olds immunized)
Child immunization measures the percentage of children ages 12-23
months who received vaccinations before 12 months or at any time
before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized
against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine.
Source: WHO and UNICEF
(http://www.who.int/immunization_monitoring/routine/en/).
Maternal Mortality Ratio Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die during
pregnancy and childbirth, per 100,000 live births. The data are
estimated with a regression model using information on fertility,
birth attendants, and HIV prevalence.
Source Maternal Mortality: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF,
UNFPA and the World Bank.
Births attended by skilled
health staff (% of total)
Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of
deliveries attended by personnel trained to give the necessary
supervision, care, and advice to women during pregnancy, labor, and
the postpartum period; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to
care for newborns.
Source UNICEF, State of the World's Children, Childinfo, and
Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International.
Contraceptive Prevalence Contraceptive prevalence rate is the percentage of women who are
practicing, or whose sexual partners are practicing, any form of
contraception. It is usually measured for married women ages 15-49
only.
Source Household surveys, including Demographic and Health
Surveys by Macro International and Multiple Indicator Cluster
Surveys by UNICEF.
Prevalence of HIV, (% of total
population ages 15-49)
Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15-49 who
are infected with HIV.
Source UNAIDS and the WHO's Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic.
Incidence of Tuberculosis (per
100,000 people)
Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new
pulmonary, smear positive, and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases.
Glossary of AidFlows terms World Bank Group
25
Source World Health Organization, Global Tuberculosis Control
Report.
Forest area (% of land area) Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at
least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree
stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit
plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and
gardens.
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web
site.
Terrestrial protected areas (%
of total surface area)
Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by
national authorities.
Source United Nations Environmental Program and the World
Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World
Resources Institute, based on data from national authorities,
national legislation and international agreements.
CO2 Emissions (metric tons per
capita)
Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of
fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon
dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels
and gas flaring.
Source Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United
States.
GDP per unit of energy use
(constant 2005 PPP $ per kg of
oil equivalent)
GDP per unit of energy use is the PPP GDP per kilogram of oil
equivalent of energy use. PPP GDP is gross domestic product
converted to 2005 constant international dollars using purchasing
power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing
power over GDP as a U.S. dollar has in the United States.
Source International Energy Agency, and World Bank PPP data.
Telephone mainlines per 100
people
Telephone lines are fixed telephone lines that connect a subscriber's
terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network and
that have a port on a telephone exchange. Integrated services digital
network channels and fixed wireless subscribers are included. Note:
Please cite the International Telecommunication Union for third-
party use of these data.
Source International Telecommunication Union, World
Glossary of AidFlows terms World Bank Group
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Telecommunication Development Report and database, and World
Bank estimates.
Mobile Phone Subscriptions per
100 people
Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public
mobile telephone service using cellular technology, which provide
access to the public switched telephone network. Post-paid and
prepaid subscriptions are included. Note: Please cite the
International Telecommunication Union for third-party use of these
data.
Source International Telecommunication Union, World
Telecommunication Development Report and database, and World
Bank estimates.
Internet Users per 100 people Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.
Note: Please cite the International Telecommunication Union for
third-party use of these data.
Source International Telecommunication Union, World
Telecommunication Development Report and database, and World
Bank estimates
Personal Computers per 100
people
Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be
used by a single individual. Note: Please cite the International
Telecommunication Union for third-party use of these data.
Source International Telecommunication Union, World
Telecommunication Development Report and database, and World
Bank estimates
Glossary of AidFlows terms AidFlows Acronyms
27
AidFlows Acronyms:
AAPI/NATF Africa AIDS Prevention Initiative/Norwegian AIDS Trust Fund
ACBF
Africa Capacity Building Foundation
ACGF African Catalytic Growth Fund
ADAPT Adaptation Fund
ADB
Asian Development Bank
AFDB African Development Bank
AHIF
Avian and Human Influenza Trust Fund
AMC Advanced Market Commitments
APOC II African Program for Onchocerciasis Control Phase II
ARTF
Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund
BEC-TF Basic Education Capacity Trust Fund
BICF Bangladesh Investment Climate Fund
BioCF BioCarbon Fund
BHTF
Bosnia and Herzegovina Fund
BNPP Bank-Netherlands Partnership Program
BPMLRI Booster Program for Malaria Control in Africa
BPRP Belgium Poverty Reduction Partnership Program
BRF Pilot Program to Conserve the Brazilian Rain Forest
CA Cities Alliance
CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme
CADF Carbon Asset Development Fund
CARBON
Carbon Fund Program
CASM Communities and Small-Scale Mining Initiative
Glossary of AidFlows terms AidFlows Acronyms
28
CCRIF Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility
CCS TF Carbon Capture and Storage Trust Fund
CDCF Community Development Carbon Fund
CDM Clean Development Mechanism (of the Kyoto Protocol)
CEBTF China Education Blend Trust Fund
CF-ASSIST Carbon Finance Assist Program
CFE Carbon Fund for Europe
CGAP Consultative Group to Assist the Poor
CGIAR
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
CIF Climate Investment Funds
COM+ Alliance of Communicators
COMMDEV Community Development Fund
CommGAP Communication for Governance and Accountability Program
CPF Carbon Partnership Facility
CPTF Canadian Persistent Organic Pollutants Trust Fund
CSCF/SCF
Strategic Climate Fund
CTF/ CCTF
Clean Technology Fund
DCF Danish Carbon Fund
DDR Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration
DEC-TC Multidonor Transparency and Competitiveness Trust Fund
DeMPA Debt Management Performance Assessment
DevCo Infrastructure Development Collaboration Partnership Fund
DFSG Diagnostic Facility for Shared Growth
DGF Development Grant Facility
Glossary of AidFlows terms AidFlows Acronyms
29
DM Development Marketplace
DMF Debt Management Facility
DRCR Emergency Program for Ex-Combatants
DRF Debt Reduction Facility
DRTF Debt Relief Trust Fund
DSF Indonesia Decentralization Support Facility
DS
Debt Service Fund
EAAIG East Asia and Pacific Infrastructure for Growth Trust Fund
EC European Commission
EFA-FTI Education For All Fast Track Initiative
EFSP Externally Funded Staffing Program
EI-TAF Extractive Industries Technical Advisory Facility
ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance Program
EPDF Education for All – Fast Track Initiative Education Program Development Fund
ESSP Emergency Services Support Program
EU European Union
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FARA Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa
FCPF Forest Carbon Partnership Facility
FIRST Financial Sector Reform and Strengthening Initiative
FLE Russia Financial Literacy and Education Trust Fund
FLIT Financial Literacy and Education Trust Fund
FPCR Food Price Crisis Response
Glossary of AidFlows terms AidFlows Acronyms
30
G7 Group of Seven
G8 Group of Eight
GAIDS Global HIV/AIDS Partnership
GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization
GEF Global Environment Facility
GENTF
Gender Trust Funds
GFA GAVI Fund Affiliate
GFATM
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria
GFCRP Global Food Crisis Response Program Trust Fund
GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery
GGFR Global Gas Flaring Reduction
GIIF Global Index Insurance Facility
GPDD Global Partnership for Disability and Development
GPED Global Population and Economic Development Program
GPEP Global Program to Eliminate Poliomyelitis
GPF Governance Partnership Facility
GPOBA Global Partnership on Output-Based Aid
GRSF Global Road Safety Facility
HIPC
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative
HNPSP Bangladesh Health, Nutrition and Population Sector Program
HRH Human resources for health
HRITF Health Results Innovation Trust Fund
HRBF
Health Results-Based Financing
HRTF
Haiti Reconstruction Fund
Glossary of AidFlows terms AidFlows Acronyms
31
IADB Inter-American Development Bank
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (of the World Bank)
ICF Italian Carbon Fund
ICP International Comparison Program Global Trust Fund
ICT Information and communication technology
ID-DRF Indonesia Decentralization Support Facility
ID-IS Indonesia Infrastructure Support Trust Fund
ID-PNPM Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (Indonesia Program for Community Empowerment)
IDA International Development Association
IDB Islamic Development Bank
IEMAC/AGEPA Initiative on Improving Education Management in African Countries / Amélioration de la Gestion Educative dans les Pays Africains
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC International Finance Corporation
IFFIm International Finance Facility for Immunization
IMF International Monetary Fund
InCaF IFC-Netherlands Carbon Facility
INFOD Infodev
IRTF
Iraq Reconstruction Trust Fund
ISBFF Iraq Small Business Finance Facility
ISF
Interest Subsidy Fund
JPO Junior Professional Officer
JRF Java Reconstruction Fund
JSDF Japanese Social Development Fund
Glossary of AidFlows terms AidFlows Acronyms
32
KCP II Knowledge for Change Program II
LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund for Climate Change
LPRP Luxembourg Poverty Reduction Partnership
LRTF Liberia Reconstruction Trust Fund
MDFAN Multidonor Trust Fund for Aceh and Nias
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MDRP Multicountry Demobilization and Reintegration Program
MDTF-N Sudan Multidonor Trust Fund – National
MDTF-S Sudan Multidonor Trust Fund – Southern Sudan
MDFTIC Indonesia Multidonor Facility for Trade and Investment
MDTF Multidonor trust fund
METAF Mediterranean Environmental Technical Assistance Program
MDFAN Multidonor Trust Fund for Aceh and Nias
MDRI
Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative
MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
MSI Mozambique Initiative
MTF Mindanao Trust Fund Facility
NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action
NBI Nile Basin Initiative
NCDMF Netherlands Clean Development Mechanism Facility
NECF Netherlands European Carbon Facility
NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development
NETF Norwegian Education Trust Fund
Glossary of AidFlows terms AidFlows Acronyms
33
NPEF Norwegian Post-Primary Education Fund
NTF-PSI Norwegian Trust Fund for Private Sector and Infrastructure
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OTF Ozone Trust Fund
PACF Pacific Facility Trust Fund
PACT Partnership for Capacity Building in Africa
PCF Post-Conflict Fund
PCF Prototype Carbon Fund
PEFA Public Expenditure Financial Accountability
PFM MDTF Public Financial Management Multidonor Trust Fund
PHRD
Japanese Policy and Human Resources Development
PNDRR Programme National de Desarmement, Demobilisation et Reinsertion (Democratic Republic of Congo)
PKNOW Partnerships and Knowledge Work in Fragile States
PPAF Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund
PPIAF Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
PPSPF Public-Private Sector Partnership Facility
PRDP
Palestinian Reform Development Plan – Trust Fund for West Bank
and Gaza
PROFISH Global Program on Fisheries
PROFOR Program on Forests
RSR Rapid Social Response Program
SA-DSD South Asia Policy Facility for Decentralization and Service Delivery
SAIF South Asia Infrastructure Facility
Glossary of AidFlows terms AidFlows Acronyms
34
SAR-IFGI South Asia Region Infrastructure for Growth Initiative
SCCF Special Climate Change Fund
SCF Spanish Carbon Fund
SCF/ CSCF Strategic Climate Fund
SEDF South Asia Enterprise Development Facility
SEETF South-South Experience Exchange Trust Fund
SIEF Spanish Impact Evaluation Fund
SLDF South Asia Enterprise Development Facility for Sri Lanka and the Maldives
SSATP Sub-Saharan Africa Transportation Policy Program
StAR Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative
TATF Technical Assistance Trust Fund Program
TDRP Transitional Demobilization and Reintegration Program
TerrAfrica TerrAfrica Leveraging Fund
TFESSD Trust Fund for Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development
TFET Trust Fund for East Timor
TFGWB Trust Fund for Gaza and West Bank
TFF Trade Facilitation Facility
TFL Trust Fund for Lebanon
TFSCB Trust Fund for Statistical Capacity Building
TRF Tsunami Relief Trust Fund for India – Fisheries Management and Sustainable Livelihoods Project in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry
TRTA Multidonor Trust Fund for Trade and Development
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
Glossary of AidFlows terms AidFlows Acronyms
35
UNF United Nations Foundation
UNIDO
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
WBGTF
West Bank and Gaza Trust Fund
WHO
World Health Organization
Glossary of AidFlows terms Asian Development Bank
36
Asian Development Bank DEFINITIONS:
ADF grant approvals Total amount of Asian Development Fund (ADF) grants approved by the
Asian Development Bank (ADB) in a fiscal year.
ADF loan approvals Total amount of ADF loans approved by ADB in a fiscal year.
ADF replenishment The process of periodic review of the adequacy of ADF resources and
authorization of additional contributions to ADF.
Agriculture and Natural
Resources (sector)
See sector table
Amount subject to call The subscription of each member is in two parts: paid-in and subject to
call. The callable portion may be called by ADB only as needed to meet its
borrowings and guarantee obligations.
Amount paid-in Amount of subscription paid by a member and received by ADB in the
form of cash or promissory notes. All subscriptions paid-in (cash and
promissory notes, net of certain discounts) are reported based on report
date SDR/US$ exchange rate.
Asian Development Bank ADB, a multilateral development financial institution, was established in
1966 with its headquarters in Manila, Philippines. ADB and its operations
are governed by the Agreement Establishing the Asian Development Bank.
Its purpose is to foster economic development and cooperation in the
Asian and Pacific region and to contribute to the acceleration of the
process of economic development of the developing member countries in
the region, collectively and individually.
ADB finances its operations through its ordinary capital resources (OCR)
and Special Funds resources. Mobilizing financial resources, including
cofinancing, is another integral part of ADB’s operational activities, where
ADB, alone or jointly, administers on behalf of donors funds provided for
specific uses.
Asian Development Fund The ADF was established in 1974 to carry out the special operations of the
ADB more effectively by providing resources on concessional terms for
economic and social development of the less-developed member
countries. The resources of ADF were subsequently augmented by ten
replenishments. In July 2012, the Board of Governors of ADB adopted a
resolution providing for the tenth replenishment of ADF (ADF XI) and the
fifth regularized replenishment of the Technical Assistance Special Fund.
Glossary of AidFlows terms Asian Development Bank
37
This will provide ADF resources for the four-year period from January
2013.
Basic contribution A donor’s contribution to the ADF in accordance with the basic burden
share for ADF replenishments.
Burden share percentage The percentage of a donor’s basic contribution for ADF replenishments.
Contributions Funds provided or to be provided to ADB's ADF or Other Special Funds
(OSFs) by donors.
Contributions paid-in Amount of contribution received by ADB's ADF or OSFs in the form of cash
or promissory notes. All contributions paid-in (cash and promissory notes,
net of certain discounts) are reported based on historical values using the
date of receipt.
Disbursements Principal outflow in a fiscal year.
Education (sector) See sector table
Energy (sector) See sector table
Finance (sector) See sector table
Fiscal year 1 January to 31 December.
Grant ADB resources made available to an external recipient for implementation
of development activities that carry no repayment obligation when utilized
for the agreed activities. Grant amounts are included in Commitment
figures and Disbursements. Grant amounts are not included in the
Outstanding Balances because grant funds disbursed are not repayable.
Gross commitments Gross commitments comprise OCR sovereign approvals, OCR nonsovereign
approvals, ADF loan approvals, ADF grant approvals, and OSFs approvals.
Health and Social
Protection (sector)
See sector table
Industry and Trade
(sector)
See sector table
Multisector (sector) See sector table
Number of votes Each shareholder is allocated a certain number of votes linked to the size
of its shareholding. The votes include a specified number of basic votes
(the same for all members) and additional votes based on the number of
shares held.
Glossary of AidFlows terms Asian Development Bank
38
OCR non-sovereign
approvals
Amount of OCR commitments to non-sovereign entities approved by ADB
in a fiscal year, including loans, equity investments, and guarantees.
OCR sovereign approvals Total amount of OCR sovereign loans and guarantees approved by the ADB
in a fiscal year.
Ordinary capital
resources (OCR)
ADB’s OCR consists primarily of its subscribed capital stock, proceeds from
its borrowings, and reserves. ADB’s ordinary operations are financed from
OCR.
OSFs approvals Total amount of OSFs grants and technical assistance grants approved by
the ADB in a fiscal year.
Other Special Funds
(OSFs)
ADB is authorized by its Charter to establish and administer Special Funds
to finance its special operations. Other Special Funds (OSFs) refer to
Special Funds excluding the Asian Development Fund (ADF). They are the
Technical Assistance Special Fund (TASF), the Japan Special Fund (JSF), the
Special Fund for the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the Asian
Tsunami Fund (ATF), the Pakistan Earthquake Fund (PEF), the Regional
Cooperation and Integration Fund (RCIF), the Climate Change Fund (CCF),
and the Asia Pacific Disaster Response Fund (APDRF). OSFs resources are
used mainly to finance grants and technical assistance grants.
Outstanding balances Stock amount of the cumulative principal disbursements of loans to
clients, which remains outstanding at the end of a fiscal year. Grant and
technical assistance grant amounts are not included.
Public Sector
Management (sector)
See sector table
Shares percentage The ratio of the number of subscribed shares of a member to the total
number of shares held by all shareholders.
Subscribed amount Subscribed shares multiplied by par value of a share.
Subscribed shares Number of shares allocated or authorized under a specific Board of
Governors resolution, and issued to members.
Supplemental amount Any amount contributed beyond the amount of the basic burden share.
Transport and ICT
(sector)
See sector table
Water and Other
Municipal Infrastructure
and Services (sector)
See sector table
Glossary of AidFlows terms Asian Development Bank
39
Undisbursed
commitments
Stock amount of loans and grants available for disbursement at the end of
a fiscal year. Amount does not include equity investments and guarantees.
Voting power percentage The ratio of the number of votes of a member to the total number of votes
held by all shareholders.
Asian Development Bank Sector and Subsector Classsification
Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person
Agriculture, natural resources and rural development (ANR)
For Agriculture: Jiangfeng Zhang, RSDD-AR jzhang@adb.org local 5162 For Water: Ian W. Makin, RSID imakin@adb.org local 5803
Irrigation Actions to support irrigation, including investment in:
surface irrigation;
groundwater irrigation;
sprinkler, drip, and trickle irrigation technologies;
irrigation system modernization;
canal control systems; and
rain water harvest.
Agricultural drainage
Actions to support agricultural drainage, including investment in:
sub-surface drainage;
agricultural drainage ditches; and
drainage pumping and control infrastructure.
Rural flood protection
Actions to support rural flood protection, including investment in:
flood protection;
river bank strengthening and protection;
channel improvements; and
rural drainage.
Rural water supply
services
Actions to support rural water supply services, including investment in:
improvement of water source, including springs, groundwater, and surface;
water storage and distribution networks, including communal faucets; and
point source hand-pumps.
Rural sanitation Actions to rural sanitation, including investment in:
basic sanitation improvement, including flush or pour flush, ventilated improved pit latrine, pit latrine with slab, composting toilet; and
septic management/recycling/treatment, including ecological sanitation.
Rural solid waste management
Actions to rural solid waste management, including investment in:
household solid waste;
agricultural and small rural enterprise solid wastes; and
waste segregation, landfill, composting, bio-gas.
Glossary of AidFlows terms Asian Development Bank
40
Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person
Rural market infrastructure
Actions to rural market infrastructure, including investment in:
collection and postharvest handling centers, storage facilities, logistics;
social and market facilities, link trails, trail bridges, jetties, flood refuge shelters; and
farm to market and village roads.
Note: District and rural road and rural renewable energy are covered in transport and energy sectors, respectively.
Agricultural production
Action to support upstream segment of the agriculture and food value chains, including investment in:
crop, including staples, high value, industrial crops, and export production;
extension and advisory services (climate smart agriculture, resource conservation technologies);
farm inputs (seeds, fertilizers, bio-fertilizer, compost, pesticides);
on- and off-farm labor;
bio-energy; and
production/technology information.
Livestock Action to support livestock, including investment in:
animal husbandry; and
extension and advisory veterinary services.
Agro-industry, marketing, and trade
Action to support midstream to downstream segments of value chains and input markets, including investment in:
machinery and other farm equipment, fertilizer, agro-chemicals;
food safety standards and regulations, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, bio-safety, certification, and accreditation system;
agro-processing and packaging; and
agribusiness.
Note: Rural finance, micro-finance and financing of micro, small and medium enterprises are covered in the finance sector.
Agriculture research and application
Action to support agriculture research and application, including investment in:
genetic improvement, biotechnology, nanotechnology, bio-security, adaptation, and mitigation to climate change;
agricultural or agribusiness technology demonstrations and dissemination, incubators, economic clusters, networks; and
agricultural research centers, agriculture academic institutions.
Fishery Action to support marine, coastal, inland, and aquaculture, including investment in:
fishery resource management;
safeguarding biodiversity, coral reefs, and endangered species; and
fishery development.
Forestry Action to support forest areas, mangroves, terrestrial ecosystems, and upland areas, including investment in:
forest areas, mangroves, terrestrial ecosystems, and upland areas;
management and protection, restoration, resilience enhancement, and maintenance of forest systems and its environmental services; and
afforestation for carbon sequestration and for carbon markets and other mitigation and adaptation strategies.
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Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person
Land-based natural resources management
Action to support land administration and management, including investment in:
upland management, dry land and pastureland development, integrated mountain development;
land administration services (cadastral surveys, land registration, geographical information systems, geo-mapping, impact monitoring);
community based resource management; and
soil management, including land conservation, land leveling, land consolidation.
Water-based natural resources management
Action to support water based natural resources management, including investment in:
water resources conservation;
wetlands and ecosystem management and preservation;
hydrological, meteorological and water use data and information;
hydrological modeling and planning;
water storage (including artificial recharge) and groundwater management;
integrated water resources management, water system development; and
protection, conservation, and rehabilitation and management of wetlands, watershed, river basins and trans-boundary water.
Agricultural policy, institutional and capacity development
Action to support policy institutional and capacity development, including investment in:
trans-boundary plant, aquatic and animal disease control measures;
agriculture/food marketing and trade policies and regulations;
national and regional food security response measures;
food security diagnostics;
value chain diagnostics;
land use policies (rural to urban, agriculture to non-agriculture, acquisitions);
agricultural pricing policies; and
agricultural and natural resource-based institutional reforms.
Rural water policy, institutional and capacity development
Action to support policy institutional and capacity development, including investment in:
irrigation reforms, regulations, laws, institutional development and organizational reform;
irrigation service fees;
water user organizations, participatory management, support services;
management and capacity development;
communications and civil society participation;
river basin organizations and stakeholder participation;
flood forecasting and warning systems;
community based flood preparedness;
hygiene promotion;
hand washing; and
community-led sanitation.
Education (EDU) Shanti Jagannathan, RSGS sjagannathan@adb.org local 1973
Pre-primary and primary
Actions to improve pre-primary education and early childhood education (usually covering age group 3-5) and primary education (covering early grades, usually 1-5), including investment in:
early childhood development services;
physical facilities for pre-school and primary education;
training of teachers in early childhood and primary education;
primary education delivery services;
curriculum development; and
student learning assessment systems.
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Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person
Pre-primary and primary – social protection initiatives
Special initiatives for disadvantaged, such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children in the form of measures, such as scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, reservations of study places for special student, school meals and educational material.
Secondary Actions to improve secondary education (covering post-primary grades, usually 6-12), including investment in:
secondary education delivery services, including distance education and e-learning;
curriculum development;
physical educational facilities;
teacher professional development; and
student learning assessment systems.
Note: Secondary education that provides technical and vocational education and training (TVET) are registered under technical and vocational education and training.
Secondary – social protection initiatives
Special initiatives for disadvantaged, such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children in the form of measures, including scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, reservations of study places for special students, school meals, free bicycles, and educational materials.
Technical and vocational education and training
Actions to improve TVET and skills development, including investment in:
TVET services;
curriculum development for practical, technical or occupational skills;
physical training and skills development facilities;
professional development of trainers and instructors;
student learning assessments and certification;
short-term labor market training programs by employers and private sector;
skills training in decentralized community settings and in tertiary institutions, such as polytechnics for both certificate and degree programs: and
special initiatives for disadvantaged, such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children in the form of measures, including scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, and reservations of study places for special students.
Tertiary Actions to improve tertiary education (i.e., programs by higher education intuitions, including universities), including investment in:
tertiary education delivery services, including distance education and e-learning;
development of curriculum and courses at general, technical and professional levels;
physical educational facilities;
professional development of lecturers, professors and instructors; and
student learning assessments, including certification.
Non-formal education
Actions to improve non-formal education, including investment in:
adult literacy program;
informal education services;
physical facilities and infrastructure;
training and orientation of instructors; and
basic education for out-of-school children.
Non-formal education – social protection initiatives
Special initiatives for disadvantaged, such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children in the form of measures, including scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, and reservations of study places for special students.
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Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person
Education sector development
Actions to improve education sector development, including investment in:
education sector policy development and policy reforms;
education sector systems development and restructuring;
physical education infrastructure;
teacher professional development, training, and teacher cadre management;
student learning assessment systems; and
sector management and finances.
Education sector development – social protection initiatives
Special initiatives for disadvantaged, such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children in the form of measures, including scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, and reservations of study places for special students.
Energy (ENE)
Anthony Jude, RSOD ajude@adb.org local 6198 Aiming Zhou, RSID azhou@adb.org local 5602
Conventional energy generation
Action to support generation of energy from conventional sources, including investment in:
oil, including diesel and residual fuel oil;
gas including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and liquefied natural gas; and
coal.
Large hydropower generation
Action to support development of hydropower plants with generation capacity of 10 MW above, including investment in:
dam construction;
reservoir rehabilitation; and
rehabilitation of turbines and generation of a hydropower plant.
Renewable energy generation – solar
Action to support renewable energy supply from solar sources including investment in:
solar photovoltaic;
concentrated solar thermal technology; and
solar roof top program.
Renewable energy generation – wind
Action to support renewable energy supply from wind energy, including investment in:
offshore and on shore wind energy.
Renewable energy generation – biomass and waste
Action to support and investment in renewable energy supply from biomass and waste:
biomass, including rice husk, agricultural residues;
biogas and biofuels; and
landfill gas and waste-to-energy.
Renewable energy generation – small hydro
Action to support and investment in renewable energy supply from:
small hydro (10 MW and below);
mini-hydropower plants (<1 MW); and
micro-hydropower plants (<100kW).
Renewable energy generation – geothermal
Action to support and investment in renewable energy supply from ocean and tidal, geothermal energy (including geothermal heat pump systems).
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Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person
Electricity transmission and distribution
Action to support electricity transmission and distribution project, including investment in:
supporting retail competition including privatization of transmission and distribution companies;
loss reduction in transmission and distribution of electricity;
construction of transmission and distribution lines and associated substations; and
rural/off-grid electrification.
Oil and gas transmission and distribution
Action to support transmission and distribution of oil and gas, including investment in:
storage, transmission and distribution of oil, gas and liquid fuels; and
storage, liquefaction and compression of natural gas.
Energy utility services
Action to support energy utility service, including investment in:
district heating/cooling;
piped gas supply; and
demand response in end-use sectors.
Energy efficiency and conservation
Action to support energy efficiency improvement in supply and demand side, including investment in:
power plant retrofitting;
use of advanced technology, such as clean coal technologies (circulatory fluidized bed combustion, supercritical and ultra-supercritical boiler technologies, integrated gasification combined-cycle with carbon capture) coal liquid, coal bed methane, combined cycle gas turbines, including high efficiency combined cycle gas turbines (F and H class);
switching from high carbon intensive to low carbon intensive fuel (fuel switching);
cleaner production (industry);
emission trading and CDM; and
Energy Service Company (ESCO) Development. Action to support energy consumption reduction, including investment in:
energy conservation activities;
improving customer behavior for change in energy use; and
advanced technology for energy conservation, including smart metering and occupancy sensors.
Energy sector development and institutional reform
Action to support energy sector reforms, capacity building and governance, including investment in:
energy trade, including cross border power trade;
supporting PPP and privatization;
tariffs and pricing;
policy and regulation, including supporting energy sector regulators;
unbundling of the power sector;
energy market promotions and liberalization; and
energy labeling.
Finance (FIN)
Rita O’Sullivan rosullivan@adb.org Local 6293
Central banking systems
Actions to support central bank, including investment in:
central bank capacity building;
payment and settlement systems; and
banking and NBFI supervision.
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Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person
Banking systems and nonbank financial institutions
Actions to support banks and non-bank financial institutions, including investment in:
bank restructuring / ownership and governance restructuring (public bank privatization)/non-performing loan resolution/asset management company/capital adequacy;
deposit insurance;
credit Information bureau/credit rating agencies;
non-bank financial institutions;
long-term project finance and industrial finance; and
anti-money laundering. Housing finance
Actions to support housing finance, including investment in:
mortgage markets and services;
real estate finance; and
housing finance and secondary mortgage.
Small and medium enterprise finance and leasing
Actions to support financing of SME and leasing, including investment in:
SME finance;
leasing; and
risk management financing instruments (e.g. financing against warehouse receipts, loan guarantees).
Inclusive finance Actions to support inclusive finance including investment in microfinance institutional development:
credit cooperatives and credit unions;
agriculture finance and rural micro enterprise;
branchless/mobile banking;
financial literacy and consumer protection;
remittance management;
savings mobilization;
micro finance; and
rural banks.
Insurance and contractual savings
Actions on insurance and contractual savings, including investment in:
life insurance;
non-life insurance;
reinsurance;
micro-insurance;
weather index-based crop insurance;
insurance supervision;
pensions;
other contractual savings; and
disaster risk finance.
Note: Health insurance is included in health sector.
Money and capital markets
Actions to support for money and capital markets, including investment in:
money markets;
debt markets;
equity markets;
securities;
structured finance and derivatives;
guarantees;
securitization;
stock exchange; and
capital market supervision.
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Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person
Trade finance
Actions for support financing a trade, including investment in:
trade finance;
supply chain finance;
long-term (export credits); and
short-term (letter of indents).
Infrastructure finance and investment funds
Actions to support infrastructure finance and investment funds, including investment in:
financial intermediation to core infrastructure investment, through banks and dedicated infrastructure financing institutions; and
financial sector development, through private equity investments in investment funds.
Note: Direct financing of infrastructure projects are classified under the relevant sectors.
Finance sector development
Actions to support financial sector development, including investment in:
financial sector policies and strategies;
legal and regulatory framework, including secured transaction, insolvency, and bankruptcy laws;
financial stability;
sector management and finance reforms;
capacity building and institutional strengthening; and
financial intermediation, including augmentation of financial resources of development finance institutions.
Health (HLT) Patricia Moser, RSGS pmoser@adb.org local 6329
Mother and child health care
Actions to increase the health status of women and children, in particular targeted support in lagging populations, including:
maternal health care;
child health care;
early childhood care and development; and
family planning.
Nutrition Actions to improve the nutrition status and abilities of the poor, women and children, and other vulnerable groups, including investment in:
addressing malnutrition and growth monitoring;
micronutrients, including food fortification; and
school feeding, health care and development.
Health system development
Actions to increase access to essential health services, such as infrastructure, equipment, supplies, training, and support systems, including investment in:
hospital and diagnostic services;
primary health care, including village health care; and
PPP in health and private health sector development.
Disease control of communicable disease
Actions to address specific communicable diseases and conditions, through specific disease control programs, including investment in communicable diseases (i.e., HIV/AIDS).
Disease control of non-communicable diseases and other priority programs
Actions to address specific diseases and conditions, through specific disease control programs and other targeted health programs, such as for refugees, emergency relief, handicapped, accidents, and occupational health, including investment in:
non-communicable diseases; and
other health programs, including integrated programs, excluding subsidized health program.
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Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person
Health insurance and subsidized health programs
Actions to improve health insurance and provide subsidized health programs for the poor and vulnerable, including investment in:
health insurance; and
subsidized health programs, including cash transfers.
Health care finance Actions to improve health sector financing, expand and improve health insurance, including investment in health financing reform.
Health sector development and reform
Actions to improve sector performance, through national sector development and reform programs and capacity building, including investment in:
health administration and governance reforms;
health sector development programs; and
health impact assessments and research.
Information and communication technology (ICT) Seok Yong Yoon, RSGP syoon@adb.org local 1742
ICT infrastructure Actions to support ICT Infrastructure, including investments in:
telecommunication line build out;
mobile and wireless network;
broadband cable network;
data centers; and
telecenters.
ICT industries and ICT-enabled services
Actions to support ICT industries and ICT-enabled services, including investment in:
ICT centers of excellence, research laboratories;
ICT-enabled industries, such as BPO, KPO, software park, ICT incubators; and
ICT-enabled services (e.g., e-governance, e-banking, e-health).
ICT strategy and policy, and capacity development
Actions to support ICT strategy and policy, and capacity development, including investment in:
ICT policy and strategy;
telecommunication reform policy;
Universal Access and Service (UAS);
ICT policy, strategy and roadmap (national, local);
ICT regulatory laws and functions;
intellectual property (IP);
security, privacy and cybercrime;
ICT market competition, spectrum management, consumer protection;
capacity building; and
ICT skills training and workshops.
Industry and trade (IND)
Jayant Menon, OREI jmenon@adb.org local 5962
Large and medium industries
Action to support large and medium industries, including investments in:
mining;
petrochemicals;
manufacturing (except agro industry);
industrial pollution control;
development of new technologies and production; and
sector-wide reforms and policy frameworks.
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Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person
Small and medium enterprise development
Action to support Small and Medium industries, Including investments in:
direct assistance to SMEs;
Cottage Household And Artisan Industry; and
SME development and policies.
Note: Investment in SME finance and leasing to be in Finance sector.
Trade and services Action to support trade and service industry, including investment in:
internal trade facilitation;
external trade facilitation;
tourism;
other services sectors; and
trade policies. Note: Investment in trade finance to be included in Finance sector.
Industry and trade
sector
development
Action to support and investment in Industry and trade sector development, which are not included in the above sub sectors.
Public sector management (PSM) Warren Turner, RSGP wturner@adb.org local 4811
Public administration
Actions to support public administration, including investments in:
legal and regulatory policy framework in national and subnational administrations;
institutional and organizational development in government agencies;
accountability mechanisms and institutions; and
civil service reforms and management.
Economic affairs management
Actions to support economic and public affairs issues, including investments in:
macroeconomic policy formulation and management; and
exchange rate management.
Public expenditure and fiscal management
Actions to support public expenditure, revenue management and fiscal issues, including investments in:
public expenditures and fiscal management including debt management, treasury functions and information systems;
revenue mobilization and management including sovereign wealth funds; and
accounting and auditing.
Decentralization Actions to support decentralization, including investments in:
intergovernmental fiscal system including expenditure assignments, fiscal; transfers and own source revenue;
local economic development planning; and
local governance, public financial management, and subnational accountability mechanisms.
Reforms of state owned enterprises
Actions to support reforms in state owned enterprises, including investments in:
reorganization, restructuring, and liquidation.
Law and judiciary Actions to support law and judiciary, including investments in:
parliamentary system and legislation;
judicial systems;
court systems; and
alternate dispute resolution mechanism.
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Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person
Social protection initiatives
Action to support social protection initiatives, including investment in program for :
social transfers (targeted to general poor and vulnerable individuals and groups);
child welfare allowances;
social assistance to elderly (non-contributory pension);
social assistance to the disabled;
food for work program; and
labor market program. Note: This is a residuary subsector enabling capture of social protection investment, which cannot be clearly apportioned to any social sectors. All other social protection investment in identified social sector, e.g., health and education, shall be entered in the relevant sector.
Sri Handayani, RSGS swhandayani@adb.org local 5964
Transport (TRA) Lloyd Wright, RSID lwright@adb.org local 6975
Road transport (non-urban)
Actions to improve “non-urban” road transport for both passenger and freight, including investments in:
expressways;
national roads;
provincial roads;
district and rural roads;
footpaths and cycle lanes;
road-based freight transport;
parking facilities;
road transport vehicles, including buses, cars, trucks, non-motorized vehicles;
road maintenance and asset management;
road safety; and
road transport sector policies and reforms.
Water transport (non-urban)
Actions to improve “non-urban” waterborne transport, for both passenger and freight, including investments in:
inland waterways;
river stations and water way ports;
small landings;
shipping;
ports and terminal facilities;
vessels;
maritime and waterway safety;
water transport infrastructure maintenance and asset management; and
water transport sector policies and reforms.
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Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person
Rail transport (non-urban)
Actions to improve rail-based transport for both passenger and freight, including investments in:
railway Infrastructure, including track and signaling;
railway stations and associated infrastructure;
rail rolling stock (locomotives, wagons, coaches);
railway safety; and
railway maintenance and asset management. Note: Rail systems that specifically serve urban areas, e.g., Mass Rail Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT), are included under Urban Transport.
Air transport Actions to improve air transport for both passenger and freight, including investments in:
airports and associated infrastructure;
air carriers (both passenger and freight);
air navigation and security; and
air transport policies and reforms.
Multimodal logistics
Actions to improve multimodal freight, storage and facilities, including investments in:
freight storage, handling and multimodal facilities; and
multimodal logistics zones.
Urban public transport
Actions to improve transport in urban areas, including investments in:
mass rail transit (MRT) and associated infrastructure;
light rail transit and associated infrastructure
road-based public transport (buses, bus rapid transit, trolley buses) and associated infrastructure;
footpaths and cycle lanes; and
urban waterway/river transport.
Urban roads and traffic management
Actions to improve transport in urban areas, including investments in:
urban expressways;
urban roads and bridges;
urban parking facilities;
urban transport sector policies and reforms, including multimodal urban transport planning and land use planning;
urban traffic demand management and urban traffic control;
urban intelligent transportation systems (ITS); and
urban logistics centers. Note: Investments in urban transport master plans are included under transport policy and institutional development subsector.
Transport policies and institutional development
Actions to support the formulation of policies and institutions in the transport sector, including:
transport policy formulation;
development of transport master plans;
development and enforcement of standards and regulations;
institutional capacity building; and
fostering Private Sector Participation (PSP), including PPP.
Water and other urban infrastructure and services (WUS) Alan Baird, RSID dbaird@adb.org local 4410
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Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person
Urban water supply Actions to improve water supply services to urban households, including investments in:
improvement of water sources and storage;
collection, purification, and distribution of water supply to household, industrial, commercial and others users, including option for communal faucets in urban poor communities;
reduction of non-revenue water, including network upgrading, metering; and
support to infrastructure development and management, including PSP (concession contract).
Urban sewerage Actions to improve sanitation services to urban households, including investments in
piped wastewater network covering collection, treatment, disposal, recycle and re-use (centralized and/or decentralized);
off-site treatment of wastewater; and
sludge management.
Urban sanitation Actions to improve sanitation services to urban households, including investments in
septic tanks; and
septic collection and treatment.
Urban flood protection
Actions to manage storm water and reduce flood risks in urban communities and for infrastructure assets, including investments in:
storm water management, including channel and drainage improvements; and
flood protection works, including sustainable urban drainage systems, flood retention areas.
Urban solid waste management
Actions to improve solid waste management in urban communities, including investments in:
collection, segregation, transportation and disposal of waste, whether from households or from industrial or commercial units;
informal garbage collection;
3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) approach;
landfill closure;
collection of landfill gas; and
waste-to-energy.
Urban hazardous waste management
Actions to improve domestic, industrial, medical hazardous waste management in urban communities, including investments in:
collection, transportation and disposal;
treatment facilities; and
clean-up activities.
Urban housing Actions to improve the access to urban housing, including investments in:
low-cost housing;
housing construction;
community buildings; and
green buildings.
Urban slum development
Actions to improve urban informal settlements, including investments in:
shelter upgrading; and
community buildings.
Renovation and protection of cultural heritage
Actions to improve cultural heritage in urban areas, including investments in:
urban renewal; and
architectural conservation.
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Sector/Subsector Definition Contact Person
Other urban services Actions to improve other urban services, including investments in:
municipal safety (fire stations, street lighting, etc.);
ICT-enabled services; and
urban improvement (public spaces, etc.).
Note: Urban Roads and bridges are in urban roads and traffic management.
Urban policy, institutional and capacity development
Actions to strengthen urban institutions, including investments in:
integrated urban master planning;
policy reform, regulations, laws;
tariff reforms, and reform of utilities;
urban development funds;
institutional development and capacity development;
improved operational management (customer database data monitoring and collection,);
asset management;
support to infrastructure management, including PSP (service contracts, management contracts, lease contracts);
community-based disaster preparedness (e.g. flood, drought, etc.);
forecasting and warning system (e.g. flood); and
urban planning, governance, and environmental policies.
Multisector (MUL) Action to support multisectoral investments, in which components are inextricably dependent on one another. In other cases, where the investment under a loan or grant is made in multiple sector, it should be apportioned to the relevant sector(s) and subsector(s) of classification categories.
ADB’s corporate management, policy and strategy development
Technical assistance projects that support ADB’s corporate, policy, and strategy development will be classified as multisector with the relevant subsector title.
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Inter American Development Bank DEFINITIONS: Donor View
Sovereign Guaranteed Loans
Sovereign Guaranteed (SG) loans are loans granted to a member country, to any of its political subdivisions or governmental entities, decentralized state organizations, regional organizations composed by member countries, and the Caribbean Development Bank.
The IDB offers three types of loans to the public sector, also known as Sovereign Guaranteed loans (SG):
Investment Loans: this type of loan
supports public and private sector
investment projects in Latin America and the
Caribbean.
Policy-Based Loans: these loans support
institutional and policy changes on the
sector or sub-sector level, through fast-
disbursing funds.
Emergency Loans: these loans help
countries cope with financial or economic
crises and natural or other disasters.
Non-Sovereign Guarantee Loans For its non-sovereign guaranteed borrowers, the IDB provides private and state-owned companies and financial institutions in Latin America and the Caribbean with the financing necessary to help meet the region's growing demands.
Technical Cooperation Financing provided by the Bank for the transfer of knowledge and expertise for the purpose of economic and social development in borrowing member countries. Technical cooperation programs can be nonreimbursable (grants), reimbursable (loans), or contingent-recovery (reimbursable if the program is financed by another lending institution).
Blended Loans The blended loan is a mixture of both the Fund for Special Operations and Ordinary Capital Single Currency Facility. It is considered as one single loan with one single contract and two financing
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sources which is disbursed pari-passu from a pre-determined mix of FSO and OC funds.
Fund For Special Operations
Bank resources consisting of contributions from the member countries to finance grants and loans on concessional terms that respond to special circumstances in the poorest, least developed borrowing member countries.
IDB Grant Facility: GRF
The IDB Grant Facility was established in 2007 to provide additional non-reimbursable resources for Haiti to finance operations critical for overcoming the present crisis and laying a foundation for long-term growth.
Ordinary Capital
Includes Capital from member countries, Borrowings and Reserves.
Capital Subscription Capital stock consists of “paid-in” and “callable” shares
Amounts Paid-in The subscribed “paid-in” capital stock has been paid, in whole or in part, in United States dollars or the currency of the respective member country, which in some cases has been made freely convertible, in accordance with the terms for the respective increase in capital. Non-negotiable, non-interest-bearing demand obligations have been accepted in lieu of the immediate payment of all or any part of the member’s subscribed “paid-in” capital stock.
Amounts Subject to Call The subscribed “callable” portion of capital may only be called when required to meet obligations of the Bank created by borrowings of funds for inclusion in the Ordinary Capital resources or guarantees chargeable to such resources and is payable at the option of the member either in gold, in United States dollars, in the currency of the member country, or in the currency required to discharge the obligations of the Bank for the purpose for which the call is made.
FSO Contribution Quotas Contributions to the FSO are made in the form of non-negotiable, non-interest bearing demand obligations in lieu of the immediate payment of all or any part of a member’s contributions quotas. The payment of contributions quotas is conditional on the members’ budgetary and, in some cases, legislative processes.