Post on 16-Jul-2020
transcript
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of
NRSP’s Community Physical Infrastructure Projects
February, 2012
National Rural Support ProgrammeIslamabad, Pakistan
funded by PPAF
© Copyright - February 2012
Established in 1991, NRSP is the largest Rural Support Programme in the country in terms of outreach, staff
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s Community Physical Infrastructure Projects funded by PPAF
National Rural Support Programme
Acknowledgement
of these schemes.
that accompanied the survey teams.
schemes.
and applied across similar efforts.
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | I
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
Objectives and Scope of the Study 1
Chapter 2: Drinking Water Supply Schemes (DWSS) 6
Chapter 3: Irrigation 24
Chapter 4: Link Roads 42
Chapter 5: Street Pavement and Drainage (SPD) 54
Chapter 6: Synthesis of the Results 66
Irrigation 80
II | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Annex: Methodology 87
C. Survey Instruments 88
G. Quality Control 92
List of Figures
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | III
IV | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 1
Introduction
Background
1
reduction.
These CPIs address the basic infrastructure needs of the communities and help improve their
communities to actively participate in the development of their areas. The investment in community
based CPIs increased manifolds during the last decade and most of the funding was provided by
the PPAF. As shown in Table 1, PPAF is the main funding agency for CPIs implemented by NRSP.
communities and help them build village level infrastructure.
Table1: Summary of NRSP-Initiated CPI Schemes
PPAF funded (since 2000)
No. of Initiated Schemes
Objectives and Scope of the Study
1 | RSPN Outreach Issue 11, October to December 2011
2 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
The study did address NRSP separately, but measured the immediate impact of CPIs for all RSPs. In line
2. Irrigation
Sampling Methodology
above, the study did not stratify in terms of RSP and hence the NRSP sample used for this study is not
representative.
assessment.
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 3
Sampling Size and Distribution
Categories of CPI Schemes
NRSP Population NRSP Survey Sample
# of Projects
Avg.
HHs
Average Scheme Cost
(Rs)
# of Projects
# of HHs
# of Projects
# of HHs
12 120
80 800
80 800
Total 118 1,180
Organisation of the Report
This concentrated on institutional aspects of the implementation and management of
the CPI.
livelihood.
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 5
Drinking Water Supply Scheme (DWSS)
6 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Drinking Water Supply Schemes (DWSS)
Technical Assessment
Scheme Types
Table 2: DWS CPI Components
ComponentOverall With Reticulation Without Reticulation
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
Pipe 100
Channel 9 2 9.1
1
11 8
Reservoir 10
Stand Post 9
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 7
Table 3: DWS CPI Parameters
Parameters N Avg. Std. Deviation
9
11 8.2
The highest value is an outlier and if accounted for the average for the relevant parameter falls
Scheme Cost and Construction
due to schemes being built in various years preceding the survey as noted above. Subject to that
Table 4: Average Cost per DWS CPI (PKR)
All Schemes With Reticulation Without Reticulation
N 21
9.9
10.2 10.1
18
8 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Table 5: Community Contributions to DWS CPIs (PKR)
All Schemes With Reticulation Without Reticulation
N 21
N 22 18
N 10 8 2
N 10
Utilization & Condition
the survey team.
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 9
Table 6: Cross-Tabulation of Scheme Utilization and Condition
All SchemesCondition
Good Regular Poor Total
Full 21 8 1
Partial 2 0 0 2
1 0 1 2
None 1 0 0 1
Total 8 2
Table 7: Cross-Tabulation of Scheme Utilization and Condition for Schemes with Reticulation
With ReticulationCondition
Good Regular Poor Total
Full 1 12
None 1 0 0 1
Total 8 1
Table 8: Cross-Tabulation of Scheme Utilization and Condition for Schemes with Reticulation
Without ReticulationCondition
Good Regular Poor Total
Full 0 18
Partial 2 0 0 2
1 0 1 2
Total 1 22
Institutional Assessment
number of households currently using the CPI.
NRSP’s Technical Support
10 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
others during the planning and construction phases of the CPI, and after its completion. Findings are
support.
Table 9: Visits by SO, Engineer, and Any Other
N Avg.Std.
Deviation
SO 9.2
Engineer
12 2
Construction SO
Engineer
12 2.8 2.9
SO
Engineer
CPI Management
to form any committees. Regarding the number of committee members it is important to note that
Table 10: Committee Formation, Membership and Training
Committee Type % FormedAvg. No. of Members
% with Function-
Implementation
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 11
dominate the process.
Figure 1: Participation in Committee Formation
Figure 2: CO Members’ Satisfaction with Committee Formation
12 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
similarly it suggests the need for NRSP to further encourage CO-member participation.
Contributions to the Scheme Construction
of CO member contributions.
17.1%
68.6%
14.3%11.4%
42.9%37.1%
8.6%
-10.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
Only CO/VO Leaders All CO Members Mostly NRSP Engineer/SO
Anyone Else
Planning and Design
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 13
Table 11: Contributions to Scheme Construction
N Avg.Std.
Deviation
Number of contributing households 21.2
Total cash contributed
Total labor days contributed
9
Number of contributing households
Total cash contributed 9
Total labor days contributed 8
Scheme Maintenance
collected regular charges.
Figure 4: Who pays for Maintenance
65.7%
28.6%
22.9%
37.0%
11.4%
5.6%
28.8%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
CO Members Non-Members
All Most Some None
14 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
N Min. Max. Avg.Std.
Deviation
Total number of targeted households
Number of households using the CPI as a primary source
Number of households using the CPI as a secondary source 1
Household Characteristics
Characteristic N Avg.Std.
Deviation
2.1
2.2
2.2
Female Children 2.1 2
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 15
Scheme Participation
the 12 months preceding the survey.
that most CO members participated in planning as compared to about one-half of non-member
Table 14: Participation in Planning of DWS CPIs
All CO Members
Non-Members
80.2 91.8
82.9 98
Only Female 10.9 12.9 2
Table 15: Participation in the Construction of DWS CPIs
All CO Members
Non-Members
N
2,009
N 28
N 8
households participated.
16 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Table 16: Participation in the Maintenance of DWS CPIs
All CO Members
Non-Members
N 80
N 9
1.9
N 1 1
particularly among non-members.
All CO Members
Non-Members
project committees?Good
Poor 11.1
19.2
Good
Poor 2 2 2
Is the CPI functional at present? 100
No
the CPI?88.9
No 11.1
Source
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 17
source.
Table 18: Source Before and After NRSP/ PPAF DWSS
Source After NRSP/ PPAF DWSS
Not CPI
Piped water into
dwelling
Piped water into
yard/plot
Public tap
Protected dug well
Un-protected dug well
Protected spring
Surface water
Other Total
Source Before
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
plot1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
standpipe0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Borehole0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Protected 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 10 0 0 1 1
Protected spring
1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0
spring8 0 10 0 0
collection0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
1 10 2 1 0 0 0 0
Surface 0 9 19 0 10
sources0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Total 9 10
Fetching
18 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Table 19: Who fetches water – Before and After NRSP/ PPAF DWSS
Fetching – After NRSP/ PPAF DWSS
Mainly adult
woman
Mainly adult man
Mainly female child <15
Both men and
women equally
Both men and women children equally
All household members
Water into
dwellingOthers Total
Fetching 180 9 0 9 0 12 0
9 9 1 0 1 0 28
0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0
2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Both men and 2 0 0 11 0 0 0
Both men and 11 0 0 0 9 1 0 0 21
member0 0 0 0 0 0 11
Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
Total 18 9 21 2
Time Saving
prior to and after the CPI. The impact on time used, measured in terms of the average of changes in
more of time saving.
Table 20: Change in Time Used (Minutes)
N Avg. (Minutes) Std. Deviation
119
Table 21: Distribution of Change in Time Used – Minutes Saved per Trip
All Schemes Schemes with reticulation Schemes without reticulation
0
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 19
All Schemes Schemes with reticulation Schemes without reticulation
Percentiles 20
Figure 5: Major Use of Time Saved
Water Consumption
Table 22: Average Liters/Capita/Day of Water Used
N Avg. Std. Deviation
21.1
119
20 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Table 23: Percentage of Users Consuming Water below Minimum Thresholds
Under 20 Under 30
Table 24: Frequency of Water Availability Before and After NRSP/ PPAF DWSS
Frequency of Water Availability before NRSP/ PPAF DWSS
Full time/24 hours
Daily intermittently
Alternate days
Twice a week
Others Total
2
2 0 0
2 0 0 0 8
1 0 0 0 0 1
Total 189 88 2
reticulation18 2 2
2 9 0 0 0 11
1 0 0 0 0 1
Total 18 2 2 119
Schemes
reticulation
22
0 0
2 0 0 8
Total
Disease Incidence
different scheme types.
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 21
Table 25: Disease Incidence
Diarrhea Gastric Disease Typhoid
9.9
9.2
Perceived Impact
Table 26: Scheme Impacts
Large Some Negative impact
Don’t Know
reticulation29
reticulation0.8
reticulation
reticulation29 0.9 0.9
Time10.8
reticulation20.1
reticulation
Time
reticulation21 18.8
reticulation
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 23
Irrigation
24 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Irrigation
Technical Assessment
Scheme Types
each type of irrigation scheme.
Figure 6: Irrigation Scheme Types
Table 27: Irrigation Scheme Details
Scheme TypePipe
Length (m)
Channel Length
(m)
Dug Well Depth (m)
Tube Well Depth (m)
Pump Horse Power
Karez Rehab Length (m)
Karez
Length (m)
N 18 21 2 2
10.1
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 25
Scheme TypePipe
Length (m)
Channel Length
(m)
Dug Well Depth (m)
Tube Well Depth (m)
Pump Horse Power
Karez Rehab Length (m)
Karez
Length (m)
Pipe N 8
N 2 11
N 2 1
N 2
188
N 1 18
N 2 1 2 1 2
119 10.1
Scheme Cost and Construction
Table 28: Year of Scheme Construction
Year of Construction Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage
2000 1 2.2 2.2
2001
2002 8
2
8
10
10
100
Total 100
26 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Table 29: Average Cost per Irrigation CPI (PKR)
All Schemes
Pipe Tube WellKarez Rehab
Karez Channel Lining
Misc.
N 8 12 2 2 18
82.8
21
19 10 90 11.9
12 19 9.2
Table 30: Community Contributions to Irrigation CPIs (PKR)
All Schemes
Pipe Tube WellKarez Rehab
Karez Channel Lining
Misc.
N 8 12 2 2 18
N 10 2 1
121,192
N 2 1 1
N 2 2 1 2
N 12 1 2
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 27
Scheme Maintenance and Functionality
Functionality
Maintenance
rehabilitation and channel lining scheme each. Not maintained and limited maintenance schemes are
Table 31: Scheme Functionality and Maintenance
Scheme Functionality
Fully Functional Limited Functioning
0
0
1 0 1
1 1 2
Total 1
Institutional Assessment
number of households currently using the CPI.
28 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
NRSP’s Technical Support
other staff during the planning and construction phases of the CPI, and after its completion. Findings
indicate the high level of support NRSP provides to COs implementing CPIs. It suggests that a CO might
Table 32: Visits by SO, Engineer, and Any Other
N Avg. Std. Deviation
SO 8.2
Engineer
9 1.9
Construction SO
Engineer 18.9
SO 19.2
Engineer 9.9 10.1
CPI Management
to form any committees. Regarding the number of committee members it is important to note that
Table 33: Committee Formation, Membership and Training
Committee Type% Formed
Avg. No. of Members Training
Implementation
89
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 29
Figure 7: Participation in Committee Formation
Figure 8: CO Members’ Satisfaction with Committee Formation
30 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
similarly it suggests the need for NRSP to further encourage CO-member participation.
Contributions to the Scheme Construction
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 31
Table 34: Contributions to Scheme Construction
N Avg. Std. Deviation
Number of contributing households
Total cash contributed
Total labor days contributed 29
Other Number of contributing households 22
Total cash contributed 21
Total labor days contributed
Scheme Maintenance
money for maintenance.
Figure 10: Who pays for Maintenance
60.5%
26.3%
23.7%
26.3%
13.2%
5.3%
2.6%
42.1%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
CO Members Non-Members
All Most Some None
32 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
channel lining and miscellaneous schemes.
N Min. Max. Avg. Std. Deviation
Total number of targeted households
Number of households using the CPI as a primary source
Number of households using the CPI as a secondary source 9 19
Household Characteristics
Characteristic N Avg. Std. Deviation
Female Children 1.8
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 33
Scheme Participation
limited to the 12 months preceding the survey.
schemes.
Table 37: Participation in Planning of Irrigation CPIs
CO Members Non-Members
Only Female 2.9 2.8
2 1.8
Table 38: Participation in the Construction of Irrigation CPIs
CO Members Non-Members
88.9
N 229
N
N
34 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Table 39: Participation in the Maintenance of Irrigation CPIs
CO Members Non-Members
N 98
N
N 1
2
project committees and NRSP support.
CO Members Non-Members
the project committees?Good
Poor
2.1 2.8
Good
12.2
Poor 0.9
1
Is the CPI functional at present?
No
0.9
performance of the CPI?98.2 99
No 1.8 1
Farmed Area
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 35
Table 41: Land Farmed Before and After CPI – Kanals per HHD
N Min. Max. Avg. Std. Deviation
2
109
1
28
Table 42: Land Farmed Before and After CPI per Scheme Type – Kanals per HHD
Pipe Tube Well Karez Rehab Channel Lining Misc.
N Avg. N Avg. N Avg. N Avg. N Avg. N Avg.
101 18 8.9 19 110
101 20 9 20 19 112
CPI as a Primary Source
101 20 9 19 100
by CPI as a Secondary Source
1 2
Field by Field Analysis
36 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Table 43: Field Characteristics
All Schemes
PipeTube Well
Karez Rehab
Karez Channel Lining
Misc.
No. of Fields
10.8
100
100 100
Kharif 92.9 100 100 98.1
Rabi 90.9 81.1 88.9 100
Table 44: Cropping Patterns by Scheme Type
All Schemes
PipeTube Well
Karez Rehab
Karez Channel Lining
Misc.
No. of Fields
21 2.9
Cotton 29.2
Rice
Fodder
Fruits 0.9
1.2
9.1 9.8 0.2
Sugarcane 11
Trees
Others
Other Grains 9.8 12.8
1.9
Gram
Fodder 20 19
Fruits 1.9 1.2 11.1 22.9
Sugarcane
Trees 0.9
0.8
Others
Other Grains
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 37
Table 45: Change in Irrigation Status and Incremental Area
Scheme Type % Fields Not Irrigated before CPI % Incremental Area
Pipe
18.9
28 12
Table 46: Percentage Change in Land Farmed (Kanals) in terms of Crops – Kharif Season
All Schemes Pipe Tube Well Karez Rehab Channel Lining Misc
-11
Cotton 0.9 0
Fodder
Fruits -0.8 0 0
0.2
Rice 2 0.9 10.9
Sugarcane 1
Grains 0 2 0
Others 0.1
38 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Table 47: Percentage Change in Land Farmed (Kanals) in terms of Crops – Rabi Season
All Schemes
PipeTube Well
Karez Rehab
Karez Channel Lining
Misc
1
Gram -1.9 0
Fodder 0.9 0.9 0 0 0 0
Fruits 0 0 0 0 0
1.8
Sugarcane
0
Trees 0
Grains 0.8 -0.8 0
Others -0.1 0 0
Table 48: Comparison of Yields Pre and Post CPI – Kharif
CropsN Production (Maunds per acre)
ChangePre-CPI Post CPI Pre-CPI Post-CPI
Cotton 112
Rice
Fodder 192
Fruits
18 29.2 12
Sugarcane 19 1,100
Other Grains 20
Table 49: Comparison of Yields Pre and Post CPI – Rabi
CropsN Production (Maunds per acre)
ChangePre-CPI Post CPI Pre-CPI Post-CPI
Gram 9
Fodder 180
20 88.8
9
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 39
Perceived Impact
and food availability as opposed to the others.
Figure 11: Scheme Impacts
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 41
Link Roads
42 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Link Roads
Technical Assessment
Table 50: Details of Link Roads
Length (m)
Height (ft)
Width (ft)
Top Width (ft)
Bottom Width (ft)
Thickness (ft)
Culvert
Table 51: Details of Materials Used (%) for Link Roads
Brick Paving
Stone Soling/ Stone
PCC Shingle RCC Box RCC Pipe Others
Culvert 20
100
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 43
Scheme Cost and Construction
is present due to schemes being built in various years preceding the survey as noted above. It is
Table 52: Average Total Cost per Link Road (PKR)
12
9.8
Table 53: Community Contributions to Link Road Schemes (PKR)
N Avg. Contribution Std. Deviation
12
Utilization and Condition
44 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
2
rehabilitation
Table 54: Utilization and Condition of NRSP/ PPAF Link Road Schemes
Condition
Good RegularTotal
(Paved Roads) Paved Unpaved
Full 11
Partial 1 0 0 1
Total 12
Institutional Assessment
number of households currently using the CPI.
NRSP’s Technical Support
others during the planning and construction phases of the CPI, and after its completion. Findings are
Table 55: Visits by SO, Engineer, and Any Other
N Avg. Std. Deviation
SO 12
Engineer 11 2.9
2
2 | http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTTRM/Resources/031208rd_tr_coremeasures.xls
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 45
N Avg. Std. Deviation
Construction SO 12 11.2
Engineer 10 21.1
1 .
SO 11 10.2 8.1
Engineer 11
CPI Management
to form any committees. Regarding the number of committee members it is important to note that
Table 56: Committee Formation, Membership and Training
Committee Type % Formed Avg. No. of Members% with Function-
Implementation 100
100 2.8
Table 57: Participation in Committee Formation
Committee Type All CO Members Any Other
Implementation
90 10
46 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Table 58: CO Members’ Satisfaction with Committee Formation
Committee Type All Most
Implementation
100
similarly it suggests the need for NRSP to further encourage CO-member participation.
Contributions to the Scheme Construction
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 47
Table 59: Contributions to Scheme Construction
N Avg. Std. Deviation
Number of contributing households
12 19.8 9
Total cash contributed 11
Total labor days contributed 10 191
Number of contributing households
Total cash contributed
Total labor days contributed
Scheme Maintenance
collected regular charges.
Figure 13: Who pays for Maintenance
48 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
source of communication.
N Min. Max. Avg. Std. Deviation
Total number of targeted households 12 210
Number of households using the CPI as a primary source 12 22 190
Number of households using the CPI as a secondary source 22 118
completed.
Household Characteristics
respondents are CO members.
Characteristic N Avg. Std. Deviation
112
Female Children 110
Scheme Participation
months preceding the survey.
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 49
that most CO members participated in planning as compared to about one-half of non-member
of the latter being participating.
Table 62: Participation in Planning of Link Road Schemes
All CO Members
Non-Members
Only Female
2.1
Table 63: Participation in the Construction of Link Road Schemes
All CO Members
Non-Members
90.1
N
N 11
28.9
N 1
98
200
200
those that did participate typically made larger contributions.
50 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Table 64: Participation in the Maintenance of Link Road Schemes
CO Members Non-Members
12.2
N 10 9 1
92.9 90.1 98
N 29
N 2 2
100
282.8 282.8
member and non-member households.
All CO Members
Non-Members
project committees?Good
22.9 20.9
Poor 2
Good
22.1
Poor 2.1 2.2 2
2
Is the CPI functional at present? 98.9 98
No 1.1 2
the CPI? No
Mode of Travel
survey.
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 51
vehicular travel, particularly in the form of public transport and motorcycle use. The change is more
Table 66: Percentage Change in Mode of Travel after the Link Road
DestinationNot
ApplicableOn Foot
OnlyBicycle Public
TransportMotorcycle Four Wheel
DriveRickshaw
Source Before
Change 2.9 0
General Store 10 2.9
Before 2.9
Change 0 -2.2 0 0
Public Transport
2.1 12.1
Before
Change
School2.1 2.9 2.9
Before 90 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.9
Change 2.9 0 2.2 0
School2.1 0 2.1
Before 2.9 2.1
Change 0 -8.8 2.1 -0.8 0
Nearest Clinic 2.1 2.9
Before
Change 0
Tehsil 0 22.9 2.1
Before 22.1
Change 0.8
Time Saved
Table 67: Changes in Travel Times
Destination N Avg. (Minutes) Std. Deviation
21.9 21.2
General Store 28
29
52 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Destination N Avg. (Minutes) Std. Deviation
20
121 21
Nearest Clinic
Perceived Impact
Figure 14: Scheme Impacts
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 53
Street Pavement and Drainage (SPD)
54 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Street Pavement and Drainage (SPD)
Technical Assessment
Table 68: Details of SPD Schemes
NAvg. Length
(ft)Avg. Width
(ft)Avg. Thickness
(inch)
Soling 11.9
Foundations 22 2,282
1.8
Scheme Cost and Construction
Table 69: Average Total Cost per SPD (PKR)
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 55
Community members made contributions to all schemes. In addition to this, it is important to note
Table 70: Community Contributions to SPD Schemes (PKR)
NAverage
ContributionStandard Deviation
11
11
the approved costs.
Utilization and Condition
56 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Institutional Assessment
number of households currently using the CPI.
NRSP’s Technical Support
others during the planning and construction phases of the CPI, and after its completion. Findings are
support.
Table 71: Visits by SO, Engineer, and Any Other
N Avg.Std.
Deviation
SO
Engineer
Construction SO
Engineer 21.2
10
SO 18.1
Engineer
1.2
CPI Management
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 57
to form any committees. Regarding the number of committee members it is important to note that
Table 72: Committee Formation, Membership and Training
Committee Type % FormedAvg. No. of Members
% with Function-
Implementation 100
Table 73: Participation in Committee Formation
Committee TypeAll CO
MembersMost CO Members
Any Other
Implementation
81.8
Table 74: CO Members’ Satisfaction with Committee Formation
Committee Type All Most Some
Implementation
9.1
suggests the need for NRSP to further encourage CO-member participation.
58 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Contributions to the Scheme Construction
form an important category of CO member contributions.
Table 75: Contributions to Scheme Construction
N Avg. Std. Deviation
Number of contributing households 11.8
Total cash contributed
Total labor days contributed 19 288
Number of contributing households 19
Total cash contributed
Total labor days contributed
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 59
Scheme Maintenance
COs collected regular charges.
Figure 16: Who pays for maintenance
60 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
N Min. Max. Avg. Std. Deviation
Total number of targeted households 281
Number of households using the CPI as a primary source
Number of households using the CPI as a secondary source
8 12 1,000 190
Household Characteristics
Characteristic N Avg. Std. Deviation
229 2.2
2.2
Female Children 2.1 1.2
Scheme Participation
consistent for all scheme types.
Table 78: Participation in Planning of SPD Schemes
CO Members Non-Members
Only Female
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 61
Table 79: Participation in the Construction of SPD Schemes
CO Members Non-Members
N 90 29
N
10
9.9
N 19 18
for by CO members. CO members also made larger cash and labor contributions than non-members.
Table 80: Participation in the Maintenance of SPD Schemes
All CO Members
Non-Members
8.2 11.1
N 11
100
8 20
N 2
2
0 2.1
N 19 12
199
62 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
CO Members Non-Members
the project committees?Good
11.1
Poor 0.9
8.1
Good
Poor 0.8
0.8
Is the CPI functional at present? 98.1 99.2
No 1.9 0.8
of the CPI? No
Disposal of Waste Water and Waste Material
Table 82: Disposal of Water from Dishwashing Before and After the CPI
What happens to water from dishwashing after CPI?
Pipe to drain Throw in drain Throw in street Others Total
CPI?
Pipe to drain 11 0 0 0 11
0 0 19
0
Others 0 11
Total 11
Table 83: Disposal of Water from Laundry Before and After the CPI
What happens to water from laundry after CPI?
Pipe to drain Throw in drain Throw in street Others Total
before CPI?
Pipe to drain 9 0 1 0 10
0 0
0
Others 11 0 12 28
Total 109 12
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 63
Table 84: Disposal of Water from Roof Before and After the CPI
What happens to water from roof after CPI?
To drain Into street Others Total
before CPI?
To drain 10 2 0 12
Into street 0 201
Others 12 1 18
Total
to cesspits.
Table 85: Rubbish Disposal Before and After the CPI
What does the household do with rubbish after the CPI?
CollectedThrow in
streetTake to dump
Others Total
rubbish before the CPI?
Collected 0 2 0
0 0
0 0 0
Others 0 0 1
Total 18
Table 86: Who cleans the drains
Who cleans the drains after the CPI?
Nonehousehold
Project committee
Not applicable
Others Total
cleaned the drains before the CPI?
household0 2 0 0 0 2
Project committee
0 0 0 2 0 2
Not applicable 200 2
Others 0 1 0 0 1 2
Total 2
64 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Table 87: Disposal of Waste from WCs before and after the CPI
What happens to waste from WCs after CPI?
Cesspit Others Total
Cesspit 101 2
Others 0
Total 101 108
Perceived Impact
respondent.
Figure 17: Scheme Impacts
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 65
Synthesis of the Results
66 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Synthesis of the Results
surveyed.
Technical Assessment
report on its condition and use.
Drinking Water Supply Schemes (DWSS)
Table 88: DWS CPI Components
ComponentOverall With Reticulation Without Reticulation
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
Pipe 100
Channel 9 2 9.1
1
11 8
Reservoir 10
Stand Post 9
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 67
Table 89: DWS CPI Parameters
Parameters N Avg.Avg. Without
Outliers
9
11
Irrigation
68 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Table 90: Irrigation Scheme Details
Scheme TypePipe
Length (m)
ChannelLength
(m)
Dug WellDepth (m)
Tube Well Depth (m)
PumpHorsePower
Karez Rehab
Length (m)
Karez
Length (m)
N 18 21 2 2
10.1
PipeN 8
N 2 11
N 2 1
N 2
188
Channel N 1 18
N 2 1 2 1 2
119 10.1
Table 91: Average Total Cost by Irrigation Scheme Type
Pipe Tube Well Karez Rehab Channel Lining Misc.
N 8 12 2 2 18
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 69
Pipe Tube Well Karez Rehab Channel Lining Misc.
attributable to any particular scheme type.
Link Roads
Table 92: Details of Link Roads
Length (m) Height (ft) Width (ft) Top Width (ft)Bottom
Width (ft)Thickness
(ft)
Culvert
70 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Street Pavement and Drainage (SPD)
Table 93: Details of SPD Schemes
N Avg. Length (ft) Avg. Width (ft) Avg. Thickness (inch)
Soling 11.9
Foundations 22 2,282
1.8
Institutional Assessment
members. This concentrated on institutional aspects of CPI implementation and management. The
sections in this synthesis.
NRSP’s Technical Support
others during the planning and construction phases of the CPI, and after its completion. The SOs and
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 71
CPI Management
form any committees. Regarding the number of committee members it is important to note that all
survey.
Participation
it suggests the need for NRSP to further encourage CO-member participation.
72 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
the fund.
DWSS Irrigation Link Roads SPD
N Avg. N Avg. N Avg. N Avg.
Total number of targeted households 12
Number of households using the CPI as a primary source
12
Number of households using the CPI as a secondary source
9 19 8 190
CPI and the effect it had on their lives and livelihoods.
Participation in the CPI
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 73
Household Satisfaction
DWSS IrrigationLink
RoadsSPD
project committees?Good
22.9
Poor
Good
22.1
Poor 2 2.1
1
Is the CPI functional at present?
No
the CPI?98.2
No 1.8
74 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Impact of DWSS
Table 96: Percentage of Users Consuming Water below Minimum Thresholds
Under 20 Under 30
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 75
The Impact of Irrigation CPIs
area and irrigated in both Kharif and Rabi seasons.
Table 97: Land Farmed Before and After CPI per Scheme Type – Kanals per HHD
Pipe Tube Well Karez Rehab Channel Lining Misc.
N Avg. N Avg. N Avg. N Avg. N Avg. N Avg.
before CPI101 18 8.9 19 110
CPI101 20 9 20 19 112
76 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Table 98: Change in Irrigation Status and Incremental Area
Scheme Type% Fields Not Irrigated
before CPI% Incremental Area
% Change in Fallow Land
Kharif Rabi
Pipe
18.9
-22.2
1
28 12 0
Table 99: Change in Average Yield Post-CPI
CropsChange in Avg. Yield
Kharif Rabi
Cotton
Gram
Fodder
Fruits
12
Rice
Sugarcane
9
others.
Impact of Link Roads
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 77
savings.
Table 100: Impact on Mode of Travel and Travel Time
Destination
% Change in Mode of Travel Change in Time Used
Not Applicable
On Foot Only
Public Transport
Motor-cycle
Four Wheel Drive
Rickshaw N Avg. (Minutes)
Source2.9 0 21.9
General Store 0 0 0
Public Transport
School0 2.2 0 20
School0 -8.8 -0.8 0 121 21
Nearest Clinic 0
Tehsil 0.8
Impact of SPD
78 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 79
Drinking Water Supply
DWSS 1 DWSS 2
1
9 2
200 200
100
Notes:
3 | Source: Pakistan’s Wage Structure, Dr Mohamed Irfan, December 2008, PIDE, Islamabad
80 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Irrigation
household at the four different classes of irrigation scheme. For each crop the incremental area comes
partly from the increase in the total farm area, and partly from a reduction in the proportion of land
principal Kharif and Rabi crops. Increased production must be accompanied by increased costs, such
4 | S. Ahmed & R.P. Martini, May 2000 – Agricultural Policy Analysis in Pakistan, Centre for Management and Economic Research, LUMS (Appendix D)
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 81
Table 102: Estimated Impact on Household Production of Changes in Cropped Areas
Kharif Crop Parameter Pipe Tube Well Karez Channel Lining
Cotton Kanal 1 0.1
180
Fodder Kanal -0.2
Fruits Kanal -0.02
-12.8
Kanal
Rice Kanal 0.1 0.2
20.9
Grains Kanal -0.8
-1.8 -2
Rabi Crop Pipe
Gram Kanal -0.9
Fodder Kanal 0.2 0.2
28.1
Kanal -0.1 -0.1
Kanal -2 0.2
122
Sugarcane Kanal 0.1
29.8
Grains Kanal 0.1
0.9 0.1 0.1 1
121
-218
82 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Table 103: Estimated Impact on Household Production of Changes in Yields
Pipe Tube Well Karez Channel Lining
Cotton
Fodder 80
Fruits
Rice
Sugarcane
Other Grains
Sub-Total 981.1
80
Fodder
Sub-Total
Total
Pipe Tube Well Karez Channel Lining
Cost Per CPI - PKR
-218
Total
101898
2
11 12
IRR
9 8
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 83
Link Roads
Table 105: Estimated Average Household Time Saved from a Link Road
DestinationAvg. Minutes
Saved per DayAdult Hours
SavedChild Hours
Saved
21.9 1,200
General Store
Bus Stop
20
21
20
10
Total
results.
proportion of the time savings reported are the result of a shift to motor transport. This is
Before CPI After CPI
Trips 10
100 80
800
84 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Avg. Cost of Link Roads
Parameter
12.8 12.8
Total
Net Total
Street Pavement and Drainage
reductions in petty crime such as vandalism and littering.
108,099
11.1
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 85
This is substantially more than the length recorded in the survey.
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 87
Annex: Methodology
A. Impact Assessment Approach
plausible due to high time and cost implications.
programmes.
typical household from a CPI subtype and then multiplying it by the average number of households
B. Assessment Indicators
The study assesses the design, condition and functionality of the selected schemes against the
88 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Indicators Data Source
1.
2. -
Closest alternative sources, households, important places
Community Participation
Operation and maintaining activities
CO records, CO leader
Photographs Functionality
Quality
-
Quantity of use
Quality
Impacts
Education
8.
C. Survey Instruments
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 89
poverty status though poverty scorecard.
collected from an adult female member of the selected households.
enumeration.
D. Sampling methodology
90 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
Stage 1: Selection of Major CPI Categories
Stage 2: Selection of CPI Sub-Types
of the country.
Stage 3: Selection of Sample CPIs and Households
selected the projects to be enumerated.
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 91
Step 1:
Step 2:
Table 107: Sampling Size and distribution
Categories of CPI SchemesPopulation Sample
# of ProjectsAverage # of Households
Average Scheme Cost (Rs)
# of Projects# of
Households
-age
Total
92 | Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF
survey.
trained on a same location to ensure uniformity upon various technical terms and to reduce variation
from the collected data.
security and tabulation of data sets.
2009.
further data analysis.
G. Quality Control
Immediate Impact Assessment Survey of NRSP’s CPIs funded by PPAF | 93
present during the training session to ensure better understanding of the data collection instruments
The consulting team deputy manager visited 10 percent of the total locations randomly. The deputy
generated.