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IMMIGRATIONIMMIGRATIONReasons, Methods & Attitudes

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VocabularyVocabulary1. Push factor: reasons why an individual leaves their country

2. Pull factor: reasons why an individual enters a certain country

3. Immigrant: an individual moving from one country to another

4. Immigrate: entering another country with an intent to settle there

5. Emigrate: leaving one’s country for another country with the intent to settle

6. Persecution: Unfair treatment based on discrimination or prejudiced attitudes.

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Connection to Industrial RevolutionConnection to Industrial Revolution

Immigrants were important to the nations industrial revolution

Immigration has ALWAYS been an important part United States history

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Old ImmigrantsOld Immigrants Before 1890. Mostly from Northern and

Western Europe. Countries like Britain,

Ireland and Germany Some of these immigrants

moved to American cities, some to farms and small towns

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New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants Beginning in 1890 (mostly) Many immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe

Places like Italy, Greece and Russia and Poland Also immigrants from Japan, China and Mexico Most of these immigrants moved to American cities

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Quick QuizQuick Quiz1. What is a push/pull factor?

2. What does emigrate mean?

3. How were immigrants important to the Ind. Rev?

4. Describe the “Old Immigrants”

5. Describe “New Immigrants”

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PUSH FACTORSPUSH FACTORS

Why did immigrants want to leave the Why did immigrants want to leave the countries that they came from?countries that they came from?

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Push FactorsPush Factors

1. Europe was experiencing an Industrial Revolution so…

Europe’s agrarian economy was ending

Harvest machines put farmers out of work

Craftspeople were replaced by factories

Wealthy landowners charged high rent

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Push Factors (cont.)Push Factors (cont.)2. Overpopulation

The population in Europe between 1870 and 1900 had doubled resulting in scarce land and resources.

Competing for Land, food, & jobs

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Push Factors (cont.)Push Factors (cont.)3. Political/Religious tension

The Jews of Russia lived in restricted settlements and had few legal rights.

They were beaten, murdered, raped and had their homes destroyed

1/3 of Russian Jews emigrated to U.S. Anti-Jewish discrimination is called Anti-Semitism

Refugees from Mexico After 1910 political tension in Mexico caused Mexicans to

flee Mexico and settle in the Southwest region of the United States

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Jewish Russians & Mexican Refugees

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Religious Persecution in RussiaReligious Persecution in Russia

““Alfred Levitt was a Jewish person living in Russia. Alfred Levitt was a Jewish person living in Russia. During this time, Jews were hated in Russia. During this time, Jews were hated in Russia. Organized attacks called Organized attacks called pogroms,pogroms, sometimes sometimes assisted by the government, were carried out assisted by the government, were carried out against Russian Jews. Many thousands were against Russian Jews. Many thousands were killed. In 1905, every Jewish-owned business in killed. In 1905, every Jewish-owned business in Alfred’s town was ransacked and looted. His Alfred’s town was ransacked and looted. His mother hid him from the attackers. As the mother hid him from the attackers. As the family huddled in fear, they longed for a better family huddled in fear, they longed for a better life.”life.”

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Quick QuizQuick Quiz1. Explain how the Industrial Revolution in Europe was a

push factor for emigration? (4 facts)2. Explain how Overpopulation was a push factor for

emigration? (2 facts)3. Explain how Religious persecution and political tension

were push factors for emigration? (4 facts)

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PULL FACTORSPULL FACTORS

What reasons were causing immigrants to What reasons were causing immigrants to want to COME to the United States?want to COME to the United States?

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Pull Factors

1. Recruitment for Jobs American Factories sent representatives to get workers

from Europe to work in their factories

2. Better Living ConditionsIn the United States… Food was plentiful Land was easier to buy Wages/Salaries were higher

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Russian Child’s View of U.S.Russian Child’s View of U.S.

““In Russia everyone In Russia everyone thought that thought that America was such America was such a rich country that a rich country that you could literally you could literally find gold in the find gold in the streets.” streets.”

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3. California Gold Rush Promises of fortune 1851-1883 300,000 Chinese came seeking gold

4. Homestead Act of 1862 “any adult citizen (or person intending to become a

citizen) who headed a family could qualify for a grant of 160 acres of public land by paying a small registration fee and living on the land continuously for 5 years.“

Land grants (free) for farmers

Pull FactorsPull Factors

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Pull FactorsPull Factors

5. National Reclamation Act

Passed in 1902Passed in 1902 Created new Created new

farmland in Western farmland in Western states, government states, government irrigation projectsirrigation projects

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Quick QuizQuick Quiz Thoroughly explain each of the

following Pull Factors to the United States:

1. Recruitment for jobs

2. Better living conditions

3. California Gold Rush

4. Homestead Act of 1862

5. National Reclamation Act 1902

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JOURNEY TO AMERICAJOURNEY TO AMERICA

How did Immigrants get to the United How did Immigrants get to the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s?States in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

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Common Methods of TransportationCommon Methods of Transportation

Improvements in transportation, dramatically shortened the time it took to journey to U.S.

Those who journeyed across oceans mostly used steam ships like Titanic

Trips across the Atlantic Ocean took about one week

Trips across the Pacific took about three weeks

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Ellis IslandEllis Island Small island in New

York Harbor Most European

Immigrants coming to America during the late 1800s and early 1900s had to stop here.

If you did not pass health tests you were sent back

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Angel IslandAngel Island Small island in San

Francisco Bay Most immigrants from

Asia during the late 1800s and early 1900s had to stop here before being allowed to enter America

Immigrants passing through here were treated more harshly than immigrants at Ellis Island due to anti-Asian prejudice

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RESPONSES TO IMMIGRATIONRESPONSES TO IMMIGRATION

What were Americans’ reactions to What were Americans’ reactions to immigration during the late 1800s and immigration during the late 1800s and

early 1900s?early 1900s?

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NativismNativism Some Americans were suspicious

or fearful of immigrants because they were new and different.

Many anti-immigrant groups emerged like the Immigration Restriction League (1894)

Some protestant Americans held prejudiced beliefs against Catholics and Jews; many of the newer immigrants were members of these religions

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Chinese Exclusion ActChinese Exclusion Act Passed by congress in 1882 Ended ALL immigration

from China to the U.S. It was continuously

extended every ten years until it was repealed (removed) in 1943

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Gentlemen’s AgreementGentlemen’s Agreement The government of Japan was

upset because Japanese Americans were being segregated in the Public Schools of San Francisco

President Teddy Roosevelt and the leaders of Japan reached a “Gentlemen’s Agreement”

Japan promised to limit emigration to the U.S in exchange for U.S. ending anti-Japanese segregation

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Quick QuizQuick Quiz

1.1. What was the most common method of transportation What was the most common method of transportation to the United states in the late 1800s and early 1900s?to the United states in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

2.2. Explain Ellis and Angel island and their differences Explain Ellis and Angel island and their differences and similarities?and similarities?

3.3. Explain each of the following reactions to immigrationExplain each of the following reactions to immigrationa.a. NativismNativism

b.b. Chinese Exclusion ActChinese Exclusion Act

c.c. Gentlemen’s AgreementGentlemen’s Agreement