Hello.

Today you need

• 2 pieces of blank paper – any color

• Something to write with

• Coloring things (optional)

Objective

• Identify and describe the components of the non-specific immune response

• Identify and describe the

5 major white blood cells

The Immune System

Fold your paper and affix with staples

Organs of the Immune System

On the cover

• The main job of the immune system is to recognize self from non-self and attack and destroy non-self

Add a picture that represents this idea

Non-specific Immunity

• The first and second line of defense are called non-specific responses

• That means they do the same thing no matter what the foreign invader is (virus, bacteria, splinter, etc.)

On the first flap

The first line of defense• Skin and mucus membranes

– Skin -waterproof and thick enough to keep most things out

– Mucus membranes secrete fluids to keep eyes, nose, mouth, etc. clean

Inside the first page

Second line of defense• The inflammatory response

– Kicks in if skin or mucus membranes broken

Inside the first page

Second line of defense• injured cells release histamine

• vessels swell and leak white blood cells called macrophages

• Macrophages engulf (or “eat”) any foreign material in the body

bacteria

macrophage

Sketch a macrophage doing it’s job

3. macrophages1. Histadine leaked from injured cells

2. Histadine makes vessels leak macrophages

Important Terms• Antigen (aka pathogen)

– a foreign substance that gets into the body

– Triggers the immune response

• Antibody– A protein that is made by

WBCs.

– Binds to the antigen to keep it from harming the body

– There are specific antibodies for each antigen

On the second flap and then inside the second page

Antigens• Bacteria• Viruses• Fungi• Parasites• Even blood or tissues

from other organisms can be antigens (which is why we can’t mix blood types and why we can reject organ transplants)

Inside the second page

Disease causing agents• Known as antigens or pathogens• Can be:

– Bacteria– Viruses– Fungi– Parasites – Environmental factors like cigarette

smoke or lead– Inherited, genetic diseases like

hemophilia or diabetes15 year old with rapid aging disease

Viruses cause – Colds

– Flu

– Chicken pox– Warts

• Viruses are: – Tiny– Living?– Attach to cell

membrane and inject their DNA or RNA

– Take over the cell to reproduce themselves

– Can infect all kinds of living things

Inside the second page

Bacteria cause • Some bacterial infections:

– Strep throat– Botulism (food poisoning)– Meningitis

• Most are harmless• Some are beneficial• Cause disease by:

– Breaking down your tissues– Or by releasing toxins

Inside the second page

Protists cause• These are eukaryotes that

are not plant, animal or fungi

• Some protist caused diseases are: – Malaria– African sleeping sickness– Amoebic dysentery

Inside the second page

Symptoms of Malaria

• shaking chills• high fever• Sweating• Fatigue• Headache• Dizziness• Nausea• Vomiting• abdominal cramps• dry cough• muscle or joint pain• back ache. • The attacks may occur every other day or every third

day. • death can occur, sometimes within 24

Parasites• Flatworms and roundworms like:

– Tapeworms– Hookworms– heartworms

Inside the second page

Fungi cause • Athlete’s foot

• Ringworm

• Valley fever

Inside the second page

How do diseases spread?

• Through direct contact with infected bodily fluids

• Through ingestion on contaminated food or water

• Through contact with infected animals

Specific Immunity• specific to the type of

invader

• Involves the production of antibodies by WBCs

On the last flap and inside the page

WBCs

• There are five major types of white blood cells (WBCs) that you must know.

• They each have a different job to do.

• They are like different types of soldiers in your army.

1. Macrophage• large WBCs that

can engulf and destroy antigens

Sketch a Sketch a macrophage into macrophage into your notesyour notes

2. B-cells

• recognize invaders and then produce antibodies that bind to them and make them easier to destroy

Draw a B-cell into your notes

Place where invader is recognized

3. Helper T-cells

• make a chemical that helps the B-cells reproduce quickly.

Sketch a helper T cell into your notes

4. Killer T-cells

• attack and destroy your body cells that have been infected by the antigen.

Sketch a killer T cell into your notes

5. Memory Cells

• come from B and T cells

• They remember what the antigen was and are ready for it next time

• They give you immunity from that disease

Sketch a memory cell into your notes

Immune Response Time

Vaccines

• Give you long term immunity

• Contain a weakened or killed version of a virus

Breast milk gives babies short term immunity