Post on 28-May-2020
transcript
Imperial America
The United States in the World 1890-1914
European Imperialism 1839-1842: Opium War opens
spheres of influence in China to European powers
1889: US, Great Britain and Germany establish a protectorate over Samoan Islands
Partition of Africa US only opportunity: Western
Hemisphere & China European Imperialism or American
Imperialism
The Impulse for Expansion Manifest Destiny Problem: 1890’s 90% of US goods
sold in US = depressions Solution: Overseas empire
Navy Captain Alfred T. Mahan-powerful navy = world power The Influence of Sea Power on history:
1660-1783 Great White Fleet 1907
Social Darwinism
Goal: An Empire without large scale permanent military occupation and costly colonial administration
Acquisitions and Actions 1854: Commodore Perry
open’s Japan for trade
1867: Seward’s Folly
1889: US, Great Britain and Germany establish a protectorate over Samoan Islands
1893: Overthrow of Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani by Dole, Inc. Cleveland does not bring it into Union
YELLOW JOURNALISM
CARTOON
WHERE THE
TERM “YELLOW
JOURNALISM”
CAME FROM
IN 1898 NEWSPAPERS PROVIDED THE
PUBLIC WITH INFORMATION. PEOPLE
LACKED THE ABILITY TO VERIFY IF
THE STORIES WERE BIASED OR
INACCURATE AND THEREFORE
RELIED UPON NEWSPAPERS TO TELL
THE TRUTH. PULITZER AND HEARST
TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THE PUBLIC’S
IGNORANCE BY TWISTING THE TRUTH
TO SELL MORE NEWSPAPERS.
SENSATIONALIZED STORIES WERE
FEATURED HEAVILY IN THEIR
NEWSPAPERS SINCE EXCITING
HEADLINES INCREASED
CIRCULATION.
The Growing Conflict with Spain 1895: Cubans begin fighting their war
of independence against Spain 1896: Filipinos begin fighting their war
of independence against Spain Re- concentration of Cubans Yellow Press
The Decision to Intervene in Cuba De Lome Letter Maine Explosion Declaration of War with Spain
Teller Amendment-promised to leave the island to the Cubans
US investment in Cuba - $50 million ***** Pres. McKinley proclaims Hawaii a US Terr.
Fighting the War against Spain Treaty of Paris 1898
Cuba
Guam
Puerto Rico
Philippines $20 million
Platt Amendment: reserves the right for US military to govern Cuba and cedes Guantanamo Bay base to US military Violates the spirit of the Teller
amendment and allows for US domination of Cuban sugar market
I have studied the Constitution of the US and I
find in it no authority for colonies and I have no fear…
You, newspapers forgot about us!!!! We were there as well!!!!
“…we do not intend to
free, but to subjugate
the people of the
Philippines. We have
gone there to conquer,
not to redeem.”
Mark Twain, 1900
“In the forcible annexation of
the Philippines our Nation
neither adds to its strength
nor secures broader
opportunities for the
American people.”
William Jennings Bryan, 1899
Arguments against imperialism in the
Philippines
The Debate over Colonies Anti-Imperialist League
Politicians-WJB
Progressive Reformers
Writers
Industrialists
Labor Europe still big market
$$$ to maintain
Constitutional Rights??? To Colonists
Distract from problems at home
Pro- expansionist
There was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and
uplift and civilize and Christianize them.”
The Philippine-American War 1899:Guerilla war begins in
Philippines in opposition to US occupation
1902: Guerilla war in Philippines ends/ 1out of 5 Filipinos & 4,500 US soldiers killed
Philippine Government Act: establishes limited self government for Philippines; President appoints a governor; promises eventual self determination
1946: Philippines receive independence from US
The Open Door in China Most-favored trading status
Missionaries/America China Development Company: US businessmen with the goal of accelerating US business interest in China
Sphere of Influence
Open Door Policy 1899:US announces Open Door policy in China-idea that
European powers in China should open their areas of influence to US trade
This is the foundation of 20th Century US foreign policy
Boxer Rebellion US assists in putting down Boxer
Rebellion in China (Harmonious Righteous Fists)
Relations with Japan Russo-Japanese War
T.R. mediates peace treaty between Japan & Russia at Portsmouth Conference
“Yellow Peril” Yellow Peril” vs. “White Pearl” T.R. sends “Great White Fleet”
around the world tour
Gentlemen's Agreement 1907 Japanese agreement to deny
passports to Japanese workers intending to immigrate to the US
Angel Island- immigration processing station in the San Francisco Bay for Asian immigrants.
The Panama Canal 1902:Hay-Herran Treaty: to
provide US land for construction of Panama canal/rejected by Colombian govt.
1903:Philippe Bunau-Varilla stages Colombian “revolution” in a NYC hotel room!
1914:Panama Canal completed
1921: Congress informally apologies to Colombia by paying out $25 million
2003: Canal handed over
The Roosevelt Corollary 1904 Police and protect canal
“International police power”