Imperialism Manchuria, Korea, China The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to take responsibility...

transcript

Imperialism

Manchuria, Korea, China

The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to take responsibility for the War, pay back reparations, and get rid of their army.

Russia changed from an absolute monarchy to a communist nation

Bell Ringer

What was the Change during the Russian

Revolution?

Explain why Germany was angry after WWI.

After the Meiji Restoration, Japan

began a policy of ….. In order to get resources.

Imperialism

Manchuria, Korea, China

The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to take responsibility for the War, pay back reparations, and get rid of their army.

Russia changed from an absolute monarchy to a communist nation

Bell Ringer

What was the Change during the Russian

Revolution?

Explain why Germany was angry after WWI.

After the Meiji Restoration, Japan

began a policy of ….. In order to get resources.

European Crisis (1919-1939)

REVIEW: WWIWWI had been fought due to Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism. It started when Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed. The War eventually pitted Germany and Austria Hungary against France, Russia and Great Britain.

New Technologies made the war very deadly, and also resulted in Trench Warfare. Machine guns, tanks, gas, artillery rounds and planes added to the death tolls.

Europe After WWIWWI was ended after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles which forced Germany to:

-Accept blame for the war-pay huge reparations to the allies

The Treaty redrew the boundaries of Europe and created several new nations.

The Treaty also will lead to future war.

The Big Three represented which nations?

Britain, France and the United States

The War to end War…

After WWI many nations worked together to avoid further war:

-Locarno Spirit- France and Germany ban war Forever at a conference in Locarno, Italy

-Kellogg-Briand Pact- Agreement to “renounce [outlaw] war as an instrument of national policy”. It was signed by nearly all the independent nations of the world.

-Nations voluntarily reduced the size of their Navies

-Germany and Soviet Union join the League of NationsWhat do you think is the problem with the League of Nations and Kellogg-Briand pact?

There is no way to enforce the ban or to stop aggressors without being aggressive back.

Post War Problems-lack of jobs for returning soldiers-National debts were too high-fear of communism spreading from Soviet Union-fear of another war

Economic Success and FailureEconomy improves:

-War vets start finding jobs-Wages improve-people buy many goods: fridges, cars and radios-many buy on margin/credit increasing sales

Economy plateaus:-Margin reaches a limit and begins to be asked back-Overproduction as sales drop off

Economy Crashes:-Stock market Crashes on Black Friday-banks Fail-unemployment rises as businesses

continue to close

In Capitalism, what determines how many and

what goods to make?

Supply and Demand

Buying on CreditIn the 1920s, many people started to buy on Credit. Basically, you purchase a good and promise to pay for it over time. Even nations were doing this, with Great Britain owing Millions to the United States for war materials from WWI.

What is the problem with buying on credit?

You over spend and may not be able to pay back what you owe

Great Depression -People’s loans are called in to be paid but they don’t have the money-Jobless can no longer afford goods-failing factories are forced to lay off more employees-The world economy falls as trade between nations decreases

By the 1900s there is a global economy. The Great Depression began in the United States but immediately impacted the rest of the world

By 1932 –30% of German workers were unemployed.–22% of British and U.S. workers were unemployed.

Today’s rate in the U.S. is 5.6%:59

British Empire DeclinesThe economic and political woes of post war Europe forced Britain to re-examine its colonies. Many colonies become Commonwealths:-Canada-Australia-New Zealand-South Africa.

Still linked to Britain because of economic and cultural ties, but politically independent

Irish Civil WarEven Ireland will break away- led by the IRA Irish Republican Army- Ireland demands self rule

In 1921 the British and Irish agreed on an unpopular agreement:

-Southern Ireland = independent-Northern Ireland= Stays with England (mostly

protestant like England)

Today, many Irish are still unhappy about the partition of Ireland, and conflict still occurs.

Post War France-Won the war but had millions of casualties and French citizens were scarred (emotionally and physically) from the war

-Democratic government constantly under attack by extreme conservatives (want king) and communists

-#1 concern- securing France against Germany

Two tier defensive plan:-Defensive line on border-enforce terms of Treaty of Versailles to keep Germany poor and weak

French SecurityThe French took steps for protection:-Maginot Line- a string of defenses to protect against a German invasion

-Sought alliances

-Insisted the Treaty of Versailles be followed to keep Germany’s economy and military weak

Why does the Maginot Line extend to the border between France and Belgium?

The German’s Schlieffen plan of WWI had included an invasion through Belgium

European GovernmentsAfter WWI three forms of government compete in Europe:Democracy: holds on in Britain and France despite economic and political issues

Communism: Soviet Union pushes for communism to spread out to other nations. Support given to communist groups worldwide.

Fascism: anchored in Italy but gains support in Germany under Hitler

ReviewDemocracy Communism Fascism

The people hold power Classless society in which the government controls production

In Europe in 1930s:BritainFrance

In Europe in 1930s:Soviet Union (Russia)

Fascism

Often characterized by extreme nationalism, racism and militarism.

The importance of the nation is above all else, individual rights and freedoms are lost.

The Government has total control of every decision and its people

“Any Authoritarian Government that is not communist”

Fascism began in Italy post WWI

It’s a BOOT!

ReviewDemocracy Communism Fascism

Authoritarian government that isn't communist

In Europe in 1930s:ItalyGermanySpain

Communism vs. FascismCommunism BOTH Fascism

All members of society equally own the means of production

TOTALitarian governmentsUse terror and secret police to maintain control

Private business for profit allowed, but union issues are shut down by the government

Fascism in ItalyFrustrated by disorder in post WWI Italy, Benito Mussolini pushed for an end to the constitutional government, to be replaced with an authoritarian government.

Benito’s Black Shirts and attacked socialists, communists and royalists. They smashed the opposition’s printing presses, attacked unions and influenced voters.

1922- March on Rome- Tens of Thousands chant as they swarm into Rome

The Italian King concedes power to Mussolini.

Fascist Symbols in Italy:

BLACK- color worn by Fascists

Il Duce- Name given to Mussolini meaning The leader

Symbol: Sticks surrounding an AxThe sticks= unityThe ax= authority

Il DuceMussolini adopts the name “Il Duce”= The Leader

Suppressed rivals, censors the press and limits voters rights

Promised to bring strength and stability back to Italy

Revived national pride through nationalism and a call to return to “the Glory of Rome” The sticks= unity

The ax= authorityUnity around Mussolini’s authority

Fascist EconomicsBusinesses under State control- still working for profit but Government controlled with appointed representatives

Workers wages were low, but unions were forbidden. It became unlawful to strike, and discontent was met with punishment

In other words…The government owns the factors of production, but the goal is to

make a profit. In Communism the goal is to share and be classless

Social PoliciesBelieve, Obey, Fight- state slogan

Men were taught to be selfless fighters- the needs of Italy over the needs of the individual

Women were glorified as home makers- they were forced out of the work force. However, any woman who had 14 or more children received a medal from Il Duce for their service to the state.

What is the fancy word for these

advertising posters?

What do you think the meaning is

behind this poster?

Propaganda

To defend Italy from foreigners. It creates

Nationalism

Fascist Youth -Mussolini shaped the minds and beliefs of the youth

-Boys and Girls taught with strict military discipline

-At torchlight ceremonies young students would sing national hymns and chant “Mussolini is always right”

Indoctrinate: teach people to accept a set of beliefs without

question

Fascism and CommunismSimilarities:

-Blind Devotion to state-Terror and secret police to secure power-economies flourish under TOTALitarianism-Vast changes to society-Leaders are popular and claim to rule in the

best interest of the nation

The people are willing to give up many freedoms and rights to improve the economy and get their basic needs met

Fascism and CommunismDifferences: Fascism Communism

-Focus only on nation-Defined classes-Supported by business owners and land owners

-International goals (world wide communist revolt)-Classless society-Support from proletariat and peasants

Review: Germany post WWIGermany was forced to sign the Versailles Treaty. This treaty hurt them in many ways:

-Germany took full blame and had to pay reparations-Germany military was severely limited-Lost fertile land-a democratic government was forced on Germany: Weimar Republic

Weimar Republic (Germany)Post WWI Germany reorganized from a monarchy to a parliamentary Government (Democracy)-Chancellor and legislature -near universal suffrage-Bill of Rights to protect the people

Problems:-weak government and not popular-communists, backed by Russia made plays to get

power-Conservatives wanted to restore the monarchy

Occupation and InflationIn 1923 Germany fell behind in their reparation payments. France occupied the coal rich Ruhr valley.

The German miners refuse to work (Passive Resistance). To support the miners the government printed money to help them buy food/goods.

This led to inflation- the value of each dollar dropped because there was so much money!

1922 1923100 marks = 944,000 marks

HyperinflationMoney in Germany became worthless. Average workers earned Billions of marks a year, bread cost tens of thousands.

Cost of Bread in Germany

Dawes PlanThe United States stepped in, offering loans and convincing France to lower reparation payments. The agreement was called the Dawes plan

Hitler’s Rise-Leader of the Right Wing National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZIs)-hated Communism-Attempted to over take government in 1923- failed and sent to Prison-in Prison he wrote Mein Kampf- outlined his views

Gained support by promising:-End reparations-create jobs-re-arm Germany-take care of the German State

Eventually voted into power

Mein KampfOutlines Hitler’s views:

-Extreme Nationalism-Racism-Anti-Semitism-Germans=Aryan= Supreme Being-Germany never lost the war, they were betrayed

by the Jews-A strong leader was needed to lead Germany:

Fuhrer

Copyright laws prevented Hitler’s Mein Kampf from being published in Germany

for the past 70 years, however, since January 1st, 2016, the copyright expired.

The Third ReichHitler’s Totalitarian state:

-Controlled all areas of life-used SS troops and Gestapo to root out and end

opposition-Controlled schools and religion-Suspended Civil Rights-destroyed opposition-Disbanded political parties-executed Nazis suspected of not being loyal

**Many Germans did notice their rights were being limited but they were more happy to be employed and the prospering German nation. They did nothing to halt his power**

Fascism takes hold of Europe

ReviewDemocracy, Fascism and Communism

Democracy Communism Fascism

Authoritarian government that isn't communist

In Europe in 1930s:ItalyGermanySpain

President in the US, Prime Minister in Great Britain

Lenin and Stalin in USSR Hitler in GermanyJapan

Why were the fascists so popular?The dictators were able to get power because the people wanted change:

“Democracy has disappeared in several great nations, not because the people of those nations dislike democracy, but because they have grown tired of unemployment and insecurity, of seeing their children hungry while they sat helpless in the face of government confusion and government weakness… Finally, in desperation, they chose to sacrifice liberty in the hope of getting something to eat.”

Franklin D. Roosevelt

1) Why do the people turn against democracy according to Roosevelt?

2) What do the people have to give up and what will they receive?

“they have grown tired of unemployment and insecurity,…” “Government confusion and weakness”

Give up their “liberties” to get “something to eat”

Anti-SemitismHitler and the Nazis wanted to drive the Jews out of Germany and limited their rights-cant go to school or university-cant work for the government-cant practice law or medicine-books written by Jews are banned

Many Jews, including Albert Einstein, fled to the United States and other sympathetic nations

Review: What were the anti-Jewish

attacks, robberies and limitations in Russia called?

Pogroms

Scapegoats: the JewsAs Hitler gained power, he united the German people against a common enemy: the Jews. It was easy to target the Jewish community and blame them for many problems because they were often more wealthy, educated and easy to distinguish from others.

What war is beginning depicted in the cartoon below? What do you think the author’s message is?

KristallnachtNovember 9 + 10, 1938

In an attempt to scare the Jews out of Germany. Nazi led riots looted Jewish stores and homes. Rioters destroyed property, burned Jewish businesses and Synagogues.

KristallnachtRead the article from Junior Scholastic magazine on Kristallnacht and complete the worksheet.

Response“The Nazis came first for the Communists. But I wasn’t a communist, so I didn’t speak up. Then they came for the Jews, but I wasn’t a Jew so I didn’t speak up. Then they came for the trade unionists, but I wasn’t a trade unionist so I didn’t speak up. Then they came for the Catholics, but I was a protestant so I didn’t speak up. Then they came for me. By that time, there was no one left to speak up.”

The German public didn’t oppose the change because they enjoyed the freedoms, better economy, and strong leadership.

Challenges to PeaceDictators in Italy, Germany and Japan pursue goals to build empires

The western democracies are urged by voters to end war and solve issues diplomatically so they pursue Appeasement- They give into the demands of aggressive nations to avoid war.

What does this political cartoon imply about appeasement?

Can anyone guess who drew it?

Appeasement shows weakness and cowardice

Dr. Seuss

Hitler makes his moveIn 1936 Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles by building up an army Then pursues goals:-Sends troops to occupy the Rhineland-Unites German and Austria in Anschluss-invades Czechoslovakia to unite German speakers-Munich Pact 1938- Czechoslovakia is convinced by Great Britain and France to give in to Hitler’s demands and in return Hitler promises no more expansion-1939 Hitler seizes the remaining Czechoslovakia territory.

*Only Democratic Poland remains- Western powers promise to protect*-Nazi-Soviet Pact- Non-aggression agreement between Russia and Germany- also includes plans to divide Poland-Poland invaded on 9/1/1939- war declared!

Hitler justifies his control over much of Eastern Europe by claiming the lands he has conquered have ethnically German

people living there.

Appeasement: As Hitler continued to take over parts of Eastern Europe, the Western powers stood by and did nothing.

World War II 1939-1945AXIS ALLIED

GermanyItalyJapan

BritainFranceSoviet UnionChinaUnited States

These nations entered the war later on

WWI- Trenches In France and Russia

WWII- Mobile Aggression Europe, N. Africa and Asia

Blitzkrieg “Lightning War”Hitler took control of Poland within a month. After a quiet winter he continued his conquest on Norway, Denmark, Belgium and the Netherlands.

By May Allied forces were retreating from France. Germany and Italy invade France, take control and begin occupation.

Miracle of Dunkirk:Allied forces were evacuated away from Dunkirk using military, commercial and private boats. Over 300,000 troops are rescued.

Britain stands aloneLed by Winston Churchill:

“We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender”

Woman:Mr. Churchill, you are drunk

Churchill:and you madam are ugly, but in the morning I will be sober, and you will still be ugly

Hitler’s OperationsThree main operations:

Operation Sea Lion- BritainOperation Desert Fox- North Africa (Egypt)Operation Barbarossa- Soviet Union

Operation Sea Lion- BritainInvade England after a massive air assault- military targets switched to civilian targets

London Blitz- 58 nights of bombing

15,000 perish and nearly half of the city destroyed but the citizens hold on

Desert Fox- AfricaGerman General Rommel became known as the Desert Fox- thus the nick-name Desert Fox

Germany and Italy tried to overturn Egypt and gain control of the Suez Canal. Britain sent thousands of troops to protect their trade passage

Why did Germany and Italy want control of the Suez

Canal?Shortened the time it took to travel from Europe to Asia, making trade and military operations faster

Operation Barbarossa- Soviet UnionHitler wants to crush communism and take Russia’s natural resources3 Million troops storm into unprepared RussiaRussian troops retreat, burning crops and supplies as they go (like scorched earth)

Leningrad SiegeThe Germans were not ready for the Russian winter, so they surrounded the city and did not let supplies in. They were hoping to starve out the Russians.Over 1 million Leningrad citizens perish, survivors eat paper, wall paper and even boiled leather

The only way to sneak supplies in was over Lake Ladoga.

Siege-cutting off all supplies from a town or base

Final Solution- GENOCIDEThe Axis powers were dominating the war from 1939-1942. Hitler and his Nazis set up Concentration camps through out occupied land where they carried out the systematic killing of Jews, dissenters, gypsies, homosexuals, handicapped and other religious followers.

**Only the people of Denmark resisted and successfully evacuated over 90% of their Jews to neutral nations**

Holocaust- The Terrible things allegory

http://vimeo.com/31162159

What does the Big Rabbit say every time a new animal is taken away?

Why does the little rabbit questions fall on deaf ears?

US Neutrality“It’s their war”

Scared to be involved in another war the American people pushed politicians to remain neutral.

As the US continues its policy of neutrality, President Roosevelt finds a way to supply aid to the Allies. He convinces Congress to pass the Lend Lease Act which allows the US to lend or sell war materials to “any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the US”.

“Arsenal of Democracy”- will sell supplies to democratic allies

Japan’s EmpireJapan lacked resources and needed land for its growing population, so they began a process of Imperialism:

-1931 Japan takes over Manchuria-1937- Japan invades North China

This challenge American interests in the Pacific. To protect American interests Roosevelt began a Naval buildup and stationed the Navy at Pearl Harbor.

Review: What do we call the time period when Japan Modernized and

industrialized?

Meiji Restoration

Pearl Harbor Lives in infamyRoosevelt pledged to stay out of the war because the US was not directly involved. However, the Japanese angry with the US for halting trade with them, bombed the Navy base at Pearl Harbor.

What are these pictures of?

Japanese Americans were interned, or kept, in large camps to “protect” the United States from Japanese spies. Most of the Japanese Americans in the camps were born in America.

Japanese Internment Camps in AMERICA

**In times of war, civil liberties may be limited**

Allied EffortsThe Big Three:

Britain: Churchill (democracy)Soviets: Stalin (communism)

United States: Roosevelt (democracy)

They didn’t trust each other but agreed to deal with the European problem before the Japanese/ Asian problem

TOTAL warGovernments increased in power during the war:

-Order factories to make planes/tanks-ration food and gas-set prices and wages

*-internment camps for the Japanese Americans

*In times of war, civil liberties may be limited*

PropagandaUsed to promote the war effort and to spread dislike of opposition.

Posters like Rosie the Riveter convinced women to join the work force:

Turning Points:Africa and Italy

The allies pushed Axis forces out of North Africa and pushed them back through Italy. Hitler sends additional troops to the Italian forces, creating a Third Front.

Turning Points:Stalingrad

Hitler’s siege of Leningrad was not working, so he tried to take Stalingrad instead. He circled Stalingrad, preparing a siege, but the Russian troops circled around him. One year later the Germans surrender (300,000 German causalities)

Turning PointsFrance

Dwight Eisenhower planned an Allied invasion of France. To prepare the Allies constantly bombed German factories, aircraft sites and military supply warehouses.

The Allies stormed Normandy’s beaches on June 6, 1944 with 176,000 troops.

Aftermath 3:53

Invasion 3:44

D-DayD-Day

Battle of the BulgeLast battle in Europe- Soviets and US/Brits met at Elbe River and attacked Berlin. When they entered the city Hitler was dead and Germany surrendered on May 7th, 1945

Post War EuropeAs the Allies enter German held lands the holocaust comes to light, revealing the true horrors.Nazis like Auschwitz operator Rudolf Hoess admit to mass murder in the millions.

The Nuremburg trials begin, holding political and military leaders responsible for wartime actions.

Pacific Theater The Americans stopped the Japanese expansion into the Pacific at Midway. Once the European war was over the Allies began an Island hopping campaign to push Japan back.

Manhattan ProjectWhile the military island hopped the Pacific, scientists in the US were studying ways to harness the power of the atom. In July 1945 detonated first Atomic bomb test

President Truman ordered Japan to surrender of face “Utter and complete destruction”

Atomic bombs dropped:Hiroshima- 8/6/45- 70,000 killed instantly

Nagasaki- 8/9/45- 40,000 killed instantly

**many more die from radiation exposure over time**

Japan surrendersThe war officially ends when Japan signs a peace treaty in September 1945.

What is this structure called?

Which belief system is it tied to?

Why did it survive the atomic bomb when nothing else did?

Torri Gate for Kami spirits

Shinto

No resistance for the Shock waves

United NationsWith war officially over, the world looks to create and restore peace. The United Nations is created to keep peace with five permanent members:US, Britain, France, Soviet Union and China

Today the UN plays a peace keeping role AND humanitarian society, responding with aid to natural disasters, disease outbreaks and aiding nations economically.

After WWI, a peace keeping organization known as the League of

Nations was formed. However, it failed, in part because the US never joined. The United Nations is much

stronger and currently dealing with a number of issues including terrorism,

the Ebola outbreak and Russian aggression.

Cold War basicsDefinition: hostility between nations WITHOUT armed conflict.

Importance: from 1945-1991 the United States and the Soviet Union distrusted and hated each other. The basic disagreement was Democracy vs Communism

According to this cartoon, what invention made the Cold War much more terrifying?

Yalta ConferenceDisagreements at Yalta (allies met in 1945 to discuss post-war Europe)

-The Soviets were denied war reparations from the Germans by the Allies

-The Americans pressed the Soviets to declare war on Japan

-Poland’s future- Soviets wanted Poland to remain communist, but the Allies insisted free elections be held to allow the nation to choose their own government

-Germany is split into 4 Zones of Occupation: American, British, French, and Soviet

-The Soviet Union begins the Coniform Program- offering advice and support to Communist parties in other countries around the world

After WWII The allies split Germany into 4 zones of occupation. Each nation was responsible for the rebuilding and demilitarization in their zone.

Berlin, Germany’s capital, was also split into 4 Zones of Occupation

German Occupation

Cold War 1945-1991Though the Allies had worked together during the war, deepening suspicions and fundamental differences caused tensions. Soon the United States and Soviet Union were locked in the Cold war: hostility between nations WITHOUT armed conflict.

Allies- want to promote democracy and capitalism

Soviet Union- promote totalitarian regimes and communism

Satellite nations/ buffer ZoneStalin didn’t trust France and Germany to not invade again so he created a “Buffer zone” to protect the USSR. These satellite nations were controlled by the Soviet Union

Satellite Nations-

Nation politically dominated by

another: Soviet controlled nations in

Eastern Europe

Iron CurtainThe division between the communist influenced nations in East Europe and democratic nations in Western Europe was referred to as the Iron Curtain

Appeal of CommunismPost WWII:-people are starving-cities in ruins-homes destroyed-millions dead-few jobs

But Communists are promising:-jobs for all-food and shelter for all-strong government

Which would you prefer? Why?

What do people in Democracies value?

What do people in Communist nations have to give up?

Why are people willing to give this up?

Their Rights and freedoms

They are promised their basic needs will be met

ContainmentThe United States passed several measures to ensure the “containment” of communism inside the iron curtain.

Truman Doctrine- “it must be the policy of the US to support free people who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures [USSR]”

Marshall Plan- Use financial aid to combat the appeal of communism- billions spent

By providing basic needs and financial aid to rebuild, communist influences are reduced

After WWII The allies split Germany into 4 zones of occupation. Each nation was responsible for the rebuilding and demilitarization in their zone.

Berlin, Germany’s capital, was also split into 4 Zones of Occupation

Review: Applies in Germany

Berlin Blockade1948- time to reunite Germany as one independent nation but USSR refuses.

Stalin blockades West Berlin to get rid of foreign influence to turn it to communism.

The Allies respond with the Berlin Airlift- thousands of supplies are flown into West Berlin for over a year

NATO 1949(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

The United States and Western European nations (11 in total) formed an alliance pledging to help one another if attacked

Warsaw PactIn response to the formation of NATO, Stalin created an alliance with 7 Eastern European Nations, mostly the Soviet’s satellite nations.

Arms RaceThe Soviet Union quickly develops an Atomic bomb.

The US develops a Hydrogen bomb.The Soviet Union develops a Hydrogen bomb

Both attempt to create more powerful weapons than the other

The Cuban Missile CrisisWhen the Soviets pledged to support Cuba after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion, the United States kept tight surveillance of Cuba. In October 1962, our spy planes revealed the soviets were building missile bases in Cuba.

ResponseKennedy immediately ordered the armed forces to be ready to invade Cuba at a moments notice. Then Kennedy made a speech urging the Soviets to remove the missiles, and recall their ships currently heading to Cuba with missiles.

Kennedy also ordered a Quarantine- any ships, from any nation carrying nuclear weapons would be turned away.

This is an instance of Brinkmanship- we were on the edge of war for 2 days

The soviets relent and call back their ships. They will keep the missiles away if the US stays out of Cuban affairs.

M.A.D.The cold war terrifies the world because both the Soviet Union and United States had Nuclear Weapons. If either, or both nations fired these weapons, the world would die due to Nuclear Winter.

M.A.D.- Mutually Assured Destruction

Korean WarDuring WWII the Japanese had controlled Korea for its natural resources. After the war they hoped to be independent, but the allies split them into the Soviet controlled North and the US controlled South. Once occupation forces withdrew the North invaded the South and the US went back to defend the South Vietnamese. We had great success but when China entered the war we were quickly forced back.

UN forces are pushed backWith China’s help the UN Forces are pushed back toward the 38th parallel, where it all began.

The war slowly became a stalemate.

Stalemate: Situation in which neither side in a conflict is able to gain the advantage.

What other war did the US fight

in that was a stalemate?

Vietnam WarVietnam was split between the communist north and the democratic south. The US sent advisers to help the South.

President Johnson escalated the war with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution which gave the US power to “prevent further aggression”. He used these powers to dramatically increase troops and military action in Vietnam.

Opposition to the war was widespread and protests were common on US campuses.

The war ended in 1973 as a “peace with honor”. Neither side won, but today Vietnam is run by the communist north.

Nationalism vs ImperialismFor the Viet Cong, the Vietnam War was a matter of Nationalism and a fight for Independence. Most Vietnamese looked at the Americans as an imperial force, coming to take control, not as democratic helpers. Ho Chi Minh, the Vietcong leader, pushed for Vietnam’s independence.

WWII Long last effects

-Cold War lasts until 1991- over 40 years-wars are fought pitting Communists against democracies-new more powerful weapons-North Korea considers US their “Sworn Enemy”

CC cold War

Imperialism Manchuria, Korea, China The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to take responsibility...

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