Improving auditory skills through training

transcript

Beverly A. Wright

Northwestern UniversityKnowles Hearing Center

Types of learning

Declarative(Explicit, Conscious)

Facts and Events

Fact Event

Types of learning

Non-declarative (Implicit, Non-Conscious)

Facts and Events

Fact Event

Types of learning

Facts and Events Skills

Fact Event

Types of learning

MotorFact Event

Types of learning

Motor PerceptualFact Event

Types of learning

Perceptual learning

Treatment option for hearing loss

Perceptual learning

Learning mechanisms

Perceptual learning

Learning mechanisms

More effective training strategies

Perceptual learning

Learning mechanisms

Perceptual learning

Learning mechanisms

Learning on basic tasks

Perceptual learning

Learning mechanisms

Learning on wide array of tasks

Perceptual learning

Learning mechanisms

Learning on wide array of tasks

Basic task

Frequency difference

Standard Signal

Basic task: Frequency discrimination

Which pair of tones has the lower frequency (pitch)?

Standard Signal

Principles of perceptual learning

Just do it

None Freq Interval

Trained taskΔf

Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.Neuroscience

Better

Just do it

None Freq Interval

Trained taskΔf

Better

Just do it

None Freq Interval

Trained taskΔf

Better

Just do it

None Freq Interval

Trained taskΔf

Better

Just do it

95% confidence interval of control

post-test performance

None Freq Interval

Trained taskΔf

Better

Just do it

Significant improvement

(trained>none)

95% confidence interval of control

post-test performance

None Freq Interval

Trained taskΔf

Better

Just do it

None Freq Interval

Trained onInterval

Discrimination

Better

Wright, Sabin, Zhang, Marrone & Fitzgerald (2010) J.NeuroscienceTrained task

Just do it

None Freq Interval

Trained onInterval

Discrimination

Tested onFrequency

DiscriminationBetter

Just do it

None Freq Interval

Trained onInterval

Discrimination

Tested onFrequency

DiscriminationBetter

Just do it

Karni & Sagi, 1991

Shiu & Pashler, 1992

Treisman et al., 1992

Ahissar & Hochstein, 1993

Levi & Polat, 1996

Crist et al., 1997

Fahle, 1997

Sigman & Gilbert, 2000

Meinhardt, 2002

Meinhardt & Grabbe, 2002

Visual Learning

Just do it

Mechanism A

Mechanism B

Mechanism CFrequency

Intensity

Duration

Just do it

Task performance

Mechanism A

Mechanism B

Intensity

Duration

Just do it

Task performance

Mechanism A

Mechanism B

Intensity

Duration

Just do it

Task performance

Mechanism A

Mechanism B

Intensity

Duration

Just do it

Task performance

Mechanism A

Mechanism B

Intensity

Duration

sensitization

Just do it

Practice, practice, practice

Better

# training trials/day for 6 days

9003600

Wright, & Sabin (2007) Exp. Brain. Res.

Better

9003600

Better

9003600

• chevron discrimination (Aberg & Herzog, 2010)• letter enumeration (Hauptmann and Karni, 2002;

Hauptmann et al., 2005)

Task performance

Mechanism A

Mechanism B

Intensity

Duration

sensitization

Mechanism A

Mechanism B

Intensity

Duration

sensitization selec

Task performance

Training

Training per day

No Learning Learning

Less More

Learning threshold

Enough is enough

360 trials per day

900 trials per day

Temporal-Interval Discrimination

Enough is enough

Better

360 trials per day

900 trials per day

Enough is enough

Better

Enough is enough

Better

360 trials per day

Enough is enough

Better

360 trials per day

900 trials per day

Enough is enough

Better

• ITD discrimination (Ortiz & Wright, 2010)• visual chevron discrimination (Aberg & Herzog, 2010)• mirror-reading task (Ofen-Noy et al., 2003)• motor-sequence task (Savion-Lemieux & Penhune, ’05)• visual-texture discrimination (Karni & Sagi, 1993)• speech-identification task (Roth et al., 2005)

Enough is enough

Training

ctEnough is enough

Training per day

Less More

Training

ctEnough is enough

Training per day

Same Learning

Less More Even More

Training

ctEnough is enough

Training per day

Same Learning

Less More Even More

Two wrongs that make a right

IntervalFreq + Interval All FreqFreq +

SilenceFreq + Sound

Better

IntervalFreq + Interval All FreqControl Freq +

SilenceFreq + Sound

Better

SilenceFreq + Sound

Better

SilenceFreq + Sound

Better

SilenceFreq + Sound

Better

SilenceFreq + Sound

Better

SilenceFreq + Sound

Better

SilenceFreq + Sound

Better

SilenceFreq + Sound

Better

SilenceFreq + Sound

Better

SilenceFreq + Sound

Better

SilenceFreq + Sound

Better

SilenceFreq + Sound

Better

• Visual orientation discrimination (Szpiro et al., in press)

• Non-native phonetic contrast• Adapting to foreign-accented speech

Task performance

Mechanism A

Mechanism B

Intensity

Duration

sensitization

Task performance

Mechanism A

Mechanism B

Intensity

Duration

sensitization

Task performance

Mechanism A

Mechanism B

Intensity

Duration

sensitization

Summary

Types of learning

Perceptual Learning

Perceptual learning

Learning mechanisms

• Just do it• Practice, practice, practice• Enough is enough• Two wrongs that make a right

Principles of perceptual learning

Extra slides

Better

Worse 720 trials/day for 7 days with a 30-minute

9003600

Need for sufficient daily training within a restricted time period

Control Short Freq

0 15 240

Minutes between Freq + Interval

……

Freq + Interval

Control Short Freq

Same standard

Standards differ in Interval

Standards differ in

Control Short Freq

Better

Freq then

Interval

Interval then Freq

Passive then Freq

Sound categorization task

mba ba pa

% baresponses

% mbaresponses

0ba pamba ba

Voice-onset time (10 ms steps)

Native contrastNon-native contrast

Voice-onset time (10 ms steps)

After training

Pre1 Post1 Pre2 Post2

Passive 8

Short Act 8

Act+Pass 8

Task + Extra Sound

Sound Only

Task Performance

better

Post-1 Post-2Pre-2Pre-1

Short Act 8

Act+Pass 8

RSVP 8

Task + Extra Sound

Task + Extra Sound during Visual Demand

Task Performancemba

better

Act+Pass 8

RSVP 8

RVQuiet 9Task + Extra Sound

Task + Extra Sound during Visual Demand

mbaV V

Task + No Sound during Visual Demand

better

Enhancing learning, greater amplified auditory responses can arise from prior ….

Internal response to stimulation

Task performance

Additional stimuluspresentations

Visual demand in quiet

15 min

Time Course of Interference

15 min

Improving auditory skills through training

Documents