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Article Reference Number: OPP 029
In-vitro and In-vivo anti-inflammatory potential of Tabernaemontana divaricata leaves Sumithra Mohan*, J. Anbu, Arijit Chakraborty, Ariadasy Canagasaby, Odelia Sawian
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels University, VISTAS
Pallavaram, Chennai -117.
Presenting authorArijit ChakrabortyM.Pharm (Pharmacology)
Vels University
Inflammation
Definition• Inflammation is a non specific, localized immune reaction
of the organism, which tries to localized the pathogenic agents. Many consider the syndrome a self- defense mechanism.
• It consist in vascular, metabolic, cellular changes, triggered by the entering of pathogenic agents in healthy tissues of the body.
Mechanism action of Anti-inflammatory drugs.
Arachidonic acid
GI mucosa
Prostaglandins
GI mucosal protection
PlateletThromboxane
Hemostasis
ProstaglandinsMediate pain,
inflammation and fever
COX 1 Constitutive
COX 2 Inhibitors
Plant selection
Tabernaemontana divaricata (Family - Apocynaceae) is a beautiful evergreen shrub, about 54cm high, with large shiny leaves, crepe jasmine flowers, may appear sporadically all year. It , is a rich source of alkaloids with various pharmacological properties.
Kingdom Plantae
Order Gentianales
Family Apocynaceae
Subfamily Rauvolfioideae
Genus Tabernaemontana
Species T. divaricata
Working procedure
In-vitro model
Ref: Kar B; Suresh Kumar RB; Karmakar I; Dolai N, Bala A; Mazumder UK, Haldar PK; Antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of Mimusops elengi leaves; Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine; Vol. 2012; pp S976-S980
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The percentage of HRBC membrane stabilization or protection was calculated using the formula:
O.D of Test
Solution – O.D of Product Control Percentage Inhibition of Haemolysis = 100 –
------------------------------------------------------------ ×100 O.D of
Test Control
Observation table for In-vitro study
Concentration (µg/ml)% Prevention of Lysis
Extract Diclofenac sodium
100 47.36 48.14
50 42.1 47.58
25 36.84 47.07
15.5 31.54 46.66
6.3 21.05 45.98
Table 1:
Effect of concentration on % prevention of lysis of extract treated group
Effect of concentration on % inhibition of lysis of diclofenac treated group
In-vivo model
EETD*: Ethanolic extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata
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Ref: Winter CA; Risley EA; Nuss GW; Carrageenin induced oedema in hind paw of rat as an assay for anti-inflammatory drugs; Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1962; 111; pp 547.
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Observation table for In-vivo study
EETD*: Ethanolic Extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata .
TREATMENT DOSE (mg/kg) MEAN INCREASE IN PAW VOLUME
(ML)
PERCENTAGE INHIBITION
Control 5 ml/kg 0.778± 0.056
-
Diclofenac sodium
5 mg/kg 0.153± 0.034
58.13
EETD* 400 mg/kg 0.277± 0.023
42.19
EETD* 200 mg/kg 0.325± 0.081
36.02
Table 2:
Effects of dose on mean increase in paw volume
Effect of dose on percentage inhibition
Result for In-vitro study (Table 1) : • The extract at concentration range of 6.3 -100 mg/ml protect the
human erythrocyte membrane against lysis induced by hypotonic solution. • At concentration of 100µg/ml, the extract produced 47.36 % inhibition
of RBC haemolysis as compared with 48.14% produced by diclofenac sodium.
Result for In-vivo study (Table 2) :• The extract at concentration 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg protect the
human erythrocyte membrane against carrageen induced. • At concentration 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, the extract produce 36.02
% and 42.63 % inhibition of inflammation as compared with 58.13 % produced by diclofenac sodium.
Conclusion
In conclusion the present study demonstrated that Tabernaemontana divaricata leaves extract has anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 100 µg/ml in in-vitro study and 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg in in-vivo study.
Acknowledgement
The authors are thankful to the authority of the School Of Pharmaceutical Science, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai - 600117, India, for providing necessary facilities for the present study.