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Solar Mango’s India MW Solar Advisor
Sample Report
www.solarmango.com 1
Why Do You Need An Expert Guide for MW Solar Power Plants?
The solar power sector is still quite new in India, just about 5 years old. Unlike many other traditional
sectors, a number of aspects are unique to this sector – technology, policy & regulations, and the
competitive landscape that defines the business models.
India MW Solar Advisor from Solar Mango (a division of EAI), is India’s only professional expert guide
to investing in MW scale solar power plants. This advisor is written especially for those who are
new to the solar power sector.
Rather than overloading you with too much information, the Advisor explains in simple and clear
language the most critical aspects that a developer needs to know – the benefits, the risks, the
constraints and of course the future possibilities.
For a very small price, you get to understand the critical aspects of a huge investment. The
report is presented in an interactive way, in many cases posing questions critical to an investor and
answering those in a manner that facilitates action and decision making.
This sample report provides those interested in buying the reports with a complete list of contents
available in the Advisor, and brief samples of perspectives, inputs, data points and tables.
India MW Solar Advisor costs Rs. 11,500 only, and can be purchased through credit card, bank
transfer, or cheque.
A 1 MW solar power plant costs upwards of Rs. 6 crores, a large investment for
anyone. It hence is imperative that anyone interested in MW scale solar power
plants gets a good understanding of the basics of this unique sector before
making any serious investment decisions.
To purchase the India MW Solar Advisor, you can
Do so from https://secure.clixoo.com/purchase/solarmango/mwsolar/report.html , or
Send an email to enquiry@solarmango.com , with the subject: Purchase MW Solar Advisor
with your contact details and we will get in touch with you immediately.
Or contact Muthukrishnan for further information – 09952910083, muthukrishnan@eai.in
Visit the official website for more information - http://www.solarmango.com/in/reports/india-mw-
solar-advisor
Solar Mango’s India MW Solar Advisor
Sample Report
www.solarmango.com 1
Contents of the Report
Introduction
Contents
1. Business Models for Utility Scale Solar PV
Sale to Utility
Sale to Private Consumer
Captive Consumption
Pros and Cons of the Business Models
Key Takeaways
2. Status of MW Solar Power Plants in India
Prominent Developers
Non-Developer Stakeholders
Key Takeaways
3. Attractive Regions for MW Solar in India
Prominent Regions for Solar Power Plants
By Radiation
By State
Performance of Operating Plants
Key Takeaways
4. Vendor & Component Selection Checklist
Who is an EPC?
Criteria to Choose EPCs
Three Types of EPCs You Should Avoid
Key Parameters for EPC Selection
Top 5 criteria
Other criteria
Specific Expertise to Look for in Core EPC Team
Engineering
Procurement
Commissioning
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Planning for O&M & Monitoring and Control Systems
Prominent Solar EPCs in India
National EPCs
Regional Solar EPC Players
Component Selection – Standards and Warranties
Key Takeaways
5. State, Central Solar Policies
Introduction to Solar Policies and Regulations
Central Policy – National Solar Mission
Overview
Status
State Policies
Andhra Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
Haryana
Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Odisha
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Uttarakhand
Uttar Pradesh
Other States
Key Takeaways
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6. Financing Options in India
Overview
Debt Financing Terms
Domestic Financing
International Financing
Approaching a Financer
Eligibility Criteria
Documents
Financial Institutions
Equity
Debt
Details of Debt from Government Sources
IREDA
Power Finance Corporation (PFC)
Constraints and Challenges for Getting Financial Closure for MW Solar Power Plants
Earlier Challenges
Current Challenges
Suggestions and Perspectives from the Financial Sector for Overcoming the
Challenges and Making Solar Power Projects More Bankable
Key Takeaways
7. DPR Template for a Solar PV Power Plant
Components of a Detailed Project Report
Key Takeaways
8. Cost Break-up of Utility Scale Solar PV Power Plants
Trends in Plant Cost
Key Takeaways
9. Template for Financial Returns
Revenues
Billable kWh
Tariff
Costs
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Initial Capital Investment
Inverter Replacement
Operations & Maintenance (O&M)
Insurance
Debt Service
Taxes
Analysis
Key Takeaways
10. Resources
Key Takeaways
11. Key Aspects Every MW Solar Developer Should Know
Key steps to arrive at an attractive business model
How do you decide which is better for you? APPC+REC, sale to private parties, or sale to
utility?
Critical aspects to be considered to win bids from state or central policies
Make sure you are absolutely clear what your financial targets are.
Employ a chartered accountant or a financial expert before you arrive at the final
bid.
Ensure that the region (district) you are bidding for a power plant has high potential
for solar output
Be very realistic with costs
Factor in the off-taker risk in your costs
Mistakes to avoid while bidding or during implementation of the MW solar power plant
Don’t quote too low
Don’t quote too high
Make sure you read and reread all terms and conditions
Understand the penalty clauses clearly
Key Takeaways
12. Frequently Asked Questions by Developers, and Answers
1. Is it a good idea to invest in a solar power plant?
2. What are the paybacks for MW scale solar power plants?
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3. I have large amounts of land. Is this a good enough reason for me to get into solar
power plants?
4. How can I get financing for my solar power plant?
5. What are the O&M costs for solar power plants?
6. Which state is the best for solar power plants?
7. How can I get a private PPA signed for my power plant?
8. I already have wind farms. Can I co-locate solar farms in the same land?
9. What will be the output from my solar power plant?
10. How much does a 1 MW of solar power plant cost, and how much area does it
require?
Key Takeaways
13. Terms You Should Know as a Developer of MW Solar Power Plants
Technical and Operational Terms
BOO Model (Build Own Operate Model)
Capacity Utilization Factor
Central Inverters
Concentrating Photovoltaics
Cross Subsidy Surcharge
Crystalline Silicon/c-Si
DNI (Direct Normal Irradiance)
Feed In Tariff
Gigawatt
Grid-tied Solar Power System
Grid Parity
kWh
Kilo Watt
LCOE (Levelised Cost of Energy)
Module
Module Degradation
Net metering
Off-grid Solar
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Open Access
Photovoltaics
Power Purchase Agreement
Pyranometer
PV array
Reflection Losses in Solar Cells
Silicon Wafer
Shading of solar panels
Smart Grid
String Inverters
Standard Test Conditions (STC)
Temperature Coefficient of Solar Panels
Thin Film Solar Cell
Tracker
Transformer
Utility
Watt Peak (Wp)
Wheeling Charges
Explanation of Key Financial Terms
Payback Period
Return on Investment (ROI)
Net Present Value (NPV)
IRR (Internal Rate of Return)
Levelised tariff
PPA
Financial Closure
Accelerated Depreciation
Discounting Factor
Hedging
Moratorium
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With recourse/Without recourse
Solar Apex Bodies & Organisations in India and their Roles
MNRE
CWET/NIWE
SECI
SESI
NSEFI
SERIIUS
CSRI
Components of a Solar Power Plant
Solar Panels
Mounting Structures
Inverters
BOS
Site Selection
14. Action Plan
Solar Mango Services for the Solar Power Sector
MW Scale Solar Power Plants
Rooftop Solar Power Plants
EAI’s Cleantech Consulting
List of Tables
Table 1: State-wise status of MW scale solar power plants as of December 2014
Table 2: Prominent locations with good radiation where solar plants/parks have been constructed
Table 3: Estimated CUF and Generation – Sample Data from Some States
Table 4: Standards and Warranties for Critical Components
Table 5: Solar RECs – Sales During the Last Calendar Year
Table 6: CERC benchmark cost breakup for a 1 MW ground mounted solar PV power plant 2015-16
Table 7: Comparison of CERC Benchmark Capital Cost 2010-15 (Rs. Lakhs)
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Table 8: Comparison of CERC Benchmark Capital Cost 2010-15 (% of total cost)
List of Figures
Figure 1: Business Models for MW Scale Solar
Figure 2: Radiation Map of India
Figure 3: Sources of Funds for MW Scale Solar Plants
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1. Business Models for Utility Scale Solar PV
For any business keen on investing in MW scale solar power plants, the first question they should ask
themselves is: Who will buy the power?
The answer to this question to a significant extent will decide the business and revenue model for
the power plant, and also pretty much define the risk and return profiles. To a certain extent, the
type of buyer could also determine the financial returns on the project.
A utility scale Solar PV plant can be monetised through several avenues:
Each of the above routes is discussed in detail.
After the analysis, a table provides the Pros and Cons of the Business Models
Biz Model Pros Cons
Sale to Utility
Sale to Private Consumer
Captive Consumption
This chapter provides clear insights on all the business models and revenue models for MW
Scale solar power plants.
It also provides a comparison of the pros and cons of each of the revenue models.
This chapter is the most critical for the developer to understand – because understanding who
the buyer of your power is the most important aspect for a 25 year investment!
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2. Status of MW Solar Power Plants in India
India’s total installed solar capacity stands at a little over 3 GW, including off-grid and rooftop solar
plants. The status of MW scale solar plants for different states is given below.
State-wise status of MW scale solar power plants as of December 2014
State/UT Under JNNSM
Under State Policy RPO
REC Scheme CPSUs
Total commissioned capacity
Andhra Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
Haryana
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Odisha
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
West Bengal
Andaman & Nicobar
Delhi
Lakshadweep
Puducherry
Chandigarh
Others
India has about 3,000 MW of solar power plants with capacities of 1 MW and above. This has
happened in the last 5 years. Thus, there is a reasonable amount of history and empirical data
that can be used to understand this sector much better.
This chapter reviews the status of MW Solar power plants in India, and analyses it along
multiple dimensions to provide key, actionable insights to a prospective developer.
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Prominent Developers Some of the prominent developers of MW scale solar projects in India (based on projects
completed/bids won) are given.
Non-Developer Stakeholders Other than the developers, several other stakeholders are key to the success of MW scale solar
projects
Government
EPCs
Component providers
Financers
Profiles for each of the above stakeholders are provided.
3. Attractive Regions for MW Solar in India
A solar plant should be located in a region where there is plenty of sunshine. A solar map of India
that you can use to estimate solar radiation at the location of your site is provided.
Prominent Regions for Solar Power Plants Details of the prominent regions for MW Solar power plants provided
By Radiation
By State
Details of solar power plant CUF and generations from prominent states, based on real life data
analysis are provided.
4. Vendor & Component Selection Checklist
Choosing an optimal location is one of the most important decisions for a MW Solar Power
Plant developer. By analysing data from solar radiation from various regions, and from data
available from existing solar power plants, this chapter provides actionable inputs on how
developers can choose the right location for solar power plants.
Once a developer has decided on the right business model and has also signed a power
purchase agreement, it is time to appoint the right EPC and ensure that the best components
are chosen. Both these actions will have a significant impact on the returns from a solar
power plant.
This chapter provides concise guidance on how to optimally choose the EPC and components
for a MW Solar Power Plant.
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Criteria to Choose EPCs In order to get clarity on how to choose EPCs, it will be instructive to first understand the Solar EPC
Operational Value Chain.
Expertise on All Solar EPC Value Chain Components The complete EPC Value Chain is explained in detail for the prospective developer to gain a clear
understanding of the role and value additions from the EPC.
Three Types of EPCs You Should Avoid Whatever other parameters you use while choosing your EPC, do not forget to follow these three
rules:
Do not go for lowest cost EPC
Do not go for EPCs who are unwilling to involve you in decision making for key aspects of
the project
Do not go for EPCs who are not willing to introduce you to their key core and extended
team members
Key Parameters for EPC Selection The EPC contractor essentially guarantees completion of the plant on time and cost, and also plant
performance, thus enabling the project developer to avail finance from their banking partners. Thus
a thorough evaluation of the EPC is required before a choice is made.
Top 5 criteria
Other criteria
Specific Expertise to Look for in Core EPC Team Engineering
Procurement
Commissioning
Types of expertise required on each of the above three provided
Planning for O&M & Monitoring and Control Systems EPC should be able to clearly explain how monitoring and control systems will be implemented, and
how much O&M will be required.
Monitoring and Control Systems
Operations & Maintenance
Prominent Solar EPCs in India National EPCs
Regional Solar EPC Players
Brief profiles of each are provided.
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Component Selection – Standards and Warranties Choosing the right components is critical in ensuring a reliable and high performing solar plant.
Components that don’t comply with standards may have a high failure rate and compromise both
energy generation and revenue from the plant. A detailed table outlines the standards that must be
complied with and typical warranties offered for most components of a solar plant.
Equipment Standards(Applicable IEC/Equipment BIS standard)
Warranty
PV Modules
Power Conditioner Units (PSUs)/(Inverter)
Mounting Structures
Cables
Switches/Circuit Breakers/Connectors
Junction Boxes/Enclosures
5. State, Central Solar Policies
Solar policies have been prepared and implemented both at the Central and State Government
levels. We take a look at the various features of each.
Central Policy – National Solar Mission Overview& Status The National Solar Mission was launched in 2010 with an original target of 20,000 MW of grid
connected solar power (both PV and thermal) by 2022. This was to be achieved in various phases
Phase I – 1,000 MW (2012-13)
Phase II – 9,000 MW (2013-17)
Phase III – 10,000 MW (2017-22)
About833 MW has been commissioned as of 15.12.2014 with Rajasthan alone accounting for about
594 MW.
Details provided for current branches and tranches.
State Policies Detailed inputs provided for the solar policies and allocations for the following states. Details include
perspectives on the solar policy per se, allocations so far and details of the PPAs and winners
announced so far. Data and inputs are also provided for the various solar power plant incentives in
terms of waivers etc. (wheeling charges, cross subsidy charges), for each state.
Government solar allocations are highly sought after by solar developers. In this chapter we
examine the salient features of the policies by Central Government and for all states that have
released MW scale solar policies. We also analyse the recent allocations for each state and the
tariff won by developers.
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Andhra Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
Haryana
Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Odisha
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Uttarakhand
Uttar Pradesh
Goa
Jharkand
West Bengal
Brief inputs are provided for the following states
6. Financing Options in India
Overview MW scale solar plants in India are financed through a mixture of debt and equity, from various
sources.
MW solar plants in India are often financed by the promoter or through the promoters’
balance sheet. This chapter examines the opportunities for external funding of solar projects
(equity, as well as with recourse and non-recourse debt) including foreign funding. Typical
terms are analysed, and challenges are discussed; solutions for overcoming some of these
challenges are also provided.
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Detailed inputs are provided for each of the above:
Interest rates
Tenures
Collaterals and other eligibility criteria
A comprehensive list of financial institutions for each of the above is provided:
List of banks
List of equity financing providers
List of NBFCs
List of international funding sources - multilateral agencies, trade development agencies
Constraints and Challenges for Getting Financial Closure for MW Solar Power Plants Key Issues/challenges in Solar PV Financing as by Various Stakeholders
Financial Health of utilities may cause non-payment or delayed payment
With reverse bidding, compromise in quality for cost cutting
Delay in land acquisition
Delay in Power Evacuation facility (ROW, Projects Cluster &Feasibility)
Non- availability of stable grid below 66KV
Lack of established best practices of O&M Manuals
Trend of not opting for third-party EPC Contracts
Wide variations in costs of PV Modules
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More time taken for obtaining important clearances, such as for NA, PCB, evacuation, etc.
Inadequate irradiance data of project site
Lack of RPO enforcement
Uncertainty of REC mechanism beyond 2017
Challenges in Financing
Challenges for Third Party PPA
Challenges for Private Equity Investment in Solar
Challenges for Debt from Banks
Challenges for Debt from Multilateral Agencies
Challenges for Debt through Trade Finance
Suggestions and Perspectives from the Financial Sector for Overcoming the Challenges and Making Solar Power Projects More Bankable
Solar resource assessment based on ground data for at least one year period
Generation projections to be realistic considering project site specific parameters
Pooling stations & evacuation facilities for clustered projects
All clearances/approvals including land acquisition, contracts, suppliers, vendors etc. to be
ready for faster financial closure
Adopt Modular Design to maximize yield & ease of construction and also based on
PPA/Policy
Evaluation of Past performance record /downtime of off-take substation
All contracts including supply/EPC/ O&M should be structured for proper
guarantees/warranties
Strict compliance of RPO will ensure more projects under REC.
Exchange of actual project performance among the stakeholders/banks
7. DPR Template for a Solar PV Power Plant
All financial institutions will require a detailed project report (DPR) from the solar power plant
developer.
While in some cases, especially in cases where you have an excellent relationship with a bank and
you have been doing good business with them for a long time, the DPR might not be the most critical
component in the financing process.
DPRs are a critical component in getting funds from financial institutions, but many developers
are unaware of how a DPR should be prepared. This chapter takes a detailed look at how a
DPR should be prepared and what it should contain to justify the projections in the DPR and
persuade the financer to fund you.
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But with financial institutions concerned about some of the uncertainties in this nascent sector, we
strongly recommend that you get the DPR done from an expert organisation and ensure that the
DPR contains the following components. Just to let you know, we have seen DPRs that are nothing
but copy-paste of some Internet pages. It is critical you avoid such DPRs.
Components of a Detailed Project Report – a complete list of contents
8. Cost Break-up of Utility Scale Solar PV Power Plants
The cost of a MW scale solar PV plant is about Rs. 6.06 Crores/MW. The Central Electricity
Regulatory Commission (CERC) has finalised the benchmark cost for a solar PV plant for FY 2015-16,
which is provided below with break-up.
We recommend increasing the below cost by 5%when budgeting for solar PV plants below 10 MW in
capacity.
CERC benchmark cost breakup for a 1 MW ground mounted solar PV power plant - Table
Component Capital cost considered
(Rs.Lakh/MW) % of total
Module cost
Land cost
Civil and general works
Mounting structures
Inverters
Cables & transformers
Interest cost during construction
Approvals, preliminary and operative expenses, transport and logistics expenses
Total capital cost
The cost of the solar plant is critical in achieving the required IRR and payback period, but
going too low creates quality issues that compromise the generation from the plant. This
chapter provides critical information to investors on benchmark costs for various solar plant
components as well as their pricing trend, allowing investors to build reliable estimates for
MW scale solar plants.
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Trends in Plant Cost CERC’s Benchmark Cost for MW scale solar plants for the last 6 years is provided.
Component 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Modules
Land
Civil and General Work
Mounting Structures
Inverters
Cables & Transformers
Preliminary & Preoperative Expenses
Total
CERC’s Benchmark Cost as a % of total cost for the last 6 years is also provided.
Component 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Modules
Land
Civil and General Work
Mounting Structures
Inverters
Cables & Transformers
Preliminary & Preoperative Expenses
Total
9. Template for Financial Returns
This chapter provides a detailed template for calculating financial returns, and calculations are based
on assumptions and approximations.
Inputs are provided for calculating the following
Revenues Billable kWh
Tariff
Costs Initial capital investment
Inverter Replacement
Calculating critical parameters, such as IRR and Payback Period, requires accurate modelling of
revenue and costs through the lifetime of the plant. This chapter provides detailed inputs on
how to build a financial model projecting revenues and costs (initial and recurring) over 25
years.
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Operations & Maintenance (O&M)
Insurance
Debt Service
Taxes
Analysis
10. Resources
The URLs below can be accessed for the latest information on policies, tariffs and charges, RfS/RfQs,
tenders, and regulations from Central and State energy development agencies, Electricity Regulatory
Agencies (ERCs), and Distribution Companies (DISCOMs).
Category Resource List
National Solar Mission
Andhra Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Goa
Gujarat
Haryana
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Orissa
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Uttarakhand
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
This chapter focuses on providing vital links to resources and updates on the latest regulations,
policies, and allocations that are of importance to solar developers.
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11. Key Aspects Every MW Solar Developer Should Know
Solar Mango’s strategy team has put together its perspectives on three key aspects
Key steps to arrive at an attractive business model
o How do you decide which is better for you? APPC+REC, sale to private parties, or
sale to utility?
Critical aspects to be considered to win bids from state or central policies
Mistakes to avoid while bidding or during implementation of the MW solar power plant
12. Frequently Asked Questions by Developers, and Answers
We have compiled a list of the top 10 frequently asked questions by developers, and provide concise
answers to these.
1. Is it a good idea to invest in a solar power plant?
2. What are the paybacks for MW scale solar power plants?
3. I have large amounts of land. Is this a good enough reason for me to get into solar power
plants?
4. How can I get financing for my solar power plant?
5. What are the O&M costs for solar power plants?
6. Which state is the best for solar power plants?
7. How can I get a private PPA signed for my power plant?
8. I already have wind farms. Can I co-locate solar farms in the same land?
9. What will be the output from my solar power plant?
10. How much does a 1 MW of solar power plant cost, and how much area does it require?
Answers to the above questions are based on real-life insights from existing solar power plants, and
based on in-depth interactions with prominent stakeholders such as EPCs, small and large
developers, government officials, component and technology solutions providers, and more.
Based on our experience working with various solar developers, EPCs, governments, and other
stakeholders, we have compiled a list of the questions we are most frequently asked and
provided practical, actionable answers to them.
A solar project requires many factors to come together harmoniously to be successful. We have
identified 3 key aspects that a solar developer should pay particular attention to that can make
or break the project.
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13. Terms You Should Know as a Developer of MW Solar Power Plants
Solar Mango has compiled a list of critical terms that a solar developer should be familiar with, and
provided brief explanations for each.
Technical and Operational Terms BOO Model (Build Own Operate Model)
Capacity Utilization Factor
Central Inverters
Concentrating Photovoltaics
Cross Subsidy Surcharge
Crystalline Silicon/c-Si
DNI (Direct Normal Irradiance)
Feed In Tariff
Gigawatt
Grid-tied Solar Power System
Grid Parity
kWh
Kilo Watt
LCOE (Levelised Cost of Energy)
Module
Module Degradation
Net metering
Off-grid Solar
Open Access
Photovoltaics
Power Purchase Agreement
Pyranometer
PV Array
A solar developer should be familiar with many terms that are widely used in the solar
industry, in order to make the right decisions for a variety of aspects. We have compiled a list
of such terms, subdivided into Technical and Financial sections, to help you comfortably
navigate any solar discussion. Additional information on key solar organisations, components,
and site selection.
Each of the terms is explained in an easy-to-understand manner. We have taken extra care to provide relevant data or insights in the Indian context for many of these, so that a prospective developer can understand and use these in a practical manner.
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Reflection Losses in Solar Cells
Silicon Wafer
Shading of solar panels
Smart Grid
String Inverters
Standard Test Conditions (STC)
Temperature Coefficient of Solar Panels
Thin Film Solar Cell
Tracker
Transformer
Utility
Watt Peak (Wp)
Wheeling Charges
Key Financial Terms Accelerated Depreciation
Discounting Factor
Financial Closure
Hedging
IRR (Internal Rate of Return)
Levelised Tariff
Moratorium
Net Present Value (NPV)
Payback Period
PPA
Return on Investment (ROI)
With recourse/Without recourse
Solar Apex Bodies & Organisations in India and their Roles CSRI
CWET/NIWE
MNRE
NSEFI
SECI
SESI
SERIIUS
Components of a Solar Power Plant Solar Panels
Mounting Structures
Inverters
Site Selection
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14. Action Plan
A schematic is provided that outlines the varies steps to be taken by a developer to arrive at
attractive financial returns from a MW Solar Plant based on
Drivers – four key drivers that decide the success of your MW Solar power plant
Criteria – list of criteria to use for each of the success drivers
Actionables – specific actionables for each of the drivers
Interested in Buying this Report?
India MW Solar Advisor costs Rs 11,500 only, and
can be purchased through credit card, bank transfer
or cheque.
To purchase the India MW Solar Advisor, you can
Do so from https://secure.clixoo.com/purchase/solarmango/mwsolar/report.html , or
Send an email to enquiry@solarmango.com , with the subject: Purchase MW Solar Advisor
with your contact details and we will get in touch with you immediately.
Or contact Muthukrishnan for further information – 09952910083, muthukrishnan@eai.in
Visit the official website for more information - http://www.solarmango.com/in/reports/india-mw-
solar-advisor
For developers and investors looking for a clear plan of action to implement a MW Solar power
plant, we provide an easy-to-follow action and decision chart that distils the critical content in
this report into an implementation diagram.