Post on 24-Feb-2016
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INDIAN FACTS• FORM OF GOV’T – Federal Republic (gained independence from the
UK in 1947)• CAPITAL – New Delhi• POPULATION – 1,095,351995• LAND SIZE – 2,973,190 (slightly more than 1/3 the size of the U.S.)• CLIMATE – Varies from Tropical Monsoon in the south to Temperate in
the north• CURRENCY – Rupee• MILITARY – Voluntary• RELIGION – Hindu (80%)
SUBCONTINENT• a large, relatively self-contained
landmass forming a subdivision of a continent
HIMALAYAS• Large mountain range
between the Indian subcontinent and the Plateau of Tibet
• Includes the highest mountain peaks in the world
• Mt. Everest – 29,000 feet
GANGES RIVER
• Longest river in India
• Located in northern India, flows towards Bangladesh
• Flows from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal
INDUS RIVER• Flows from Tibet into the
Arabian Sea
• Much of the land here would not be arable without this massive source of water
DECCAN PLATEAU
• Located in southern India
• Deccan’s average elevation is about 2,000 feet, sloping generally eastward
• The climate is drier than that on the coasts and is arid in places
MONSOONS• the seasonal wind of the
Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9peDRkO-TLc
MAJOR CITIES
EARLY SOUTH ASIA• Modern India traces its roots back to
the Indus River Valley located in South Asia
• Harappans – earliest civilization found in this area, dates back to about 2,500 b.c., disappeared around 1,500 b.c.
• Ruins demonstrate:
1. urban planning (organized cities)
2. grid pattern streets
3. multi-storied homes
4. bathrooms and sewage systems
ARYANS• Aryans – conquered the Indus River Valley around
1500 b.c. and then moved southeast into the Ganges Plain
• Organized into tribes, each was led by a rajah
• Cattle – basis of their diet and economy, wealth was measured in cattle and they were used as money
• Men dominated society, which was largely agricultural
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Brahmans
kshatriyas
Vaisyas
Sudras
Pariahs
Social Structure• 1. Brahmans – Priests • 2. Kshatriyas – Warriors/princes • 3. Vaisyas – merchants/farmers
• 4. Sudras – peasants/servants
• 5. Pariahs – so “unclean” not even part of the system, do the toughest and dirtiest jobs
HINDUISM• Aryans believed in a religion that
has evolved into what we know as Hinduism
BELIEFS• Evolved over centuries (no one person began it)• Brahman – universal spirit, god (other gods are manifestations
of Brahman)• Trinity – 3 most important manifestations are:
BRAHMA
SIVAVISHNU
BRAHMA• The Creator
VISHNU• The Preserver
SIVA• The Destroyer
KEY CONCEPTSREINCARNATION
- The rebirth of the soul
KEY CONCEPTS cont.KARMA
- Idea that how a person lives their life will determine what form that person takes in the next life (what comes around goes around)
KEY CONCEPTS cont.DHARMA
- Duties of a particular varna (class)
- If you fulfill your dharma you get have good karma
KEY CONCEPTS cont.MOKSHA
- State in which a person’s soul is freed from the cycle of reincarnation (heaven)
KEY CONCEPTS cont.AHIMSA
- Belief that all life is sacred and needs to be protected
SACRED HINDU WRITINGS: THE VEDAS• Ancient poems, legends,
hymn, rituals… that formed the basis of Aryan religious life
• There are 4, the oldest dating back to about 1000 B.C.
HOLIDAY VIDEOS• Diwali – Festival of Lights
• Holi – Festival of colors, triumph of good over evil, coming of the Spring
• Holi #2
BUDDHISM
THE BUDDHA• Siddhartha Gautama – the founder of
Buddhism, born in India in 566 B.C.
• born into the Kshatriya class, lived a wealthy but sheltered life
• wanted to understand why people suffer and how to minimize it
THE BUDDHA cont.• believed he found the answers
while meditating, believed he received “enlightenment”
• he preached his message and became known as “The Buddha” (enlightened one)
• he rejected the caste system, a person’s position in life should depend on the person, not their birth
4 NOBLE TRUTHS
1. ALL PEOPLE SUFFER
2. PEOPLE SUFFER BECAUSE THEIR DESIRES BIND THEM TO THE CYCLE OF REBIRTH
3. WE CAN END SUFFERING BY ELIMINATING DESIRES
4. ELIMINATE DESIRE BY FOLLOWING THE 8-FOLD PATH
8-FOLD PATHKNOW THE
TRUTH
RESIST EVIL
SAY NOTHING 2 HURT OTHERS
FREE YOUR MIND OF EVIL
WORK 4 THE GOOD OF OTHERS
RESPECT LIFE CONTROL YOUR THOUGHTS
MEDITATE
THE 8-FOLD PATH LEADS TO NIRVANA•Nirvana – state of enlightenment that frees the soul from the cycle of rebirth
BRANCHES OF BUDDHISM• Make sure you are aware of the
following:
1. Mahayana2. Theravada3. Tibetan4. Zen
CONCEPT OF GOD• Buddha is not thought of as a
god
• The concept of god is not central to Buddhism
BUILDING/PLACE OF WORSHIP• Use temples and monasteries
• Worship and meditation can take place anywhere
• Stupa – built to house relics of Buddha (teeth, bones, writings…)
HOLIDAYS/FESTIVALS• See the “Buddhist Festivals and Holidays” worksheet
• Festival of the Tooth (Sri Lanka)
• Obon (Japan)
SYMBOLS• See the “Buddhist Symbols” worksheet
TYPE 2• List 3 similarities and 3
differences between Hinduism and Buddhism
TYPE 3• Discuss 3 similarities and 3
differences between Hinduism and Buddhism
• Focused Correction Areas (FCAs)
FCA #1 – 3 differences
FCA #2 – 3 similarities
FCA #3 - capitalization
DALAI LAMA
TIBET
POTALA PALACE
EMPIRES/ACCOMPLISHMENTS
TYPE 3• Describe 2 accomplishments
made by Indian civilization and discuss how your life would be different without them.
TYPE 3• FCA #1 – describe 2
accomplishments
• FCA #2 – discuss how your life would be different without both
• FCA #3 – no symbols (&,…)