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8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
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4/15/12The BioBusiness
Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
The BioBusiness
By Dr. Lauren Pecorino August 2001
http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/pecorino2.html
8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/individual-presentation-stem-cells-for-cell-based-therapies 2/22
4/15/12 The BioBusiness
Reasons for choosing the
articleInformative
Interesting
Relevant
Well-structured
Easy to understand
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8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/individual-presentation-stem-cells-for-cell-based-therapies 3/22
4/15/12 The BioBusiness
What are stem cells?
A special type of "source" or "starter" cell that has
the ability to grow into adult tissue.
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/scintro/
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8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
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Why is it called Stem Cell?
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A stem is defined as the
main stalk of a plant.
Correspondingly, stem cells
are the main trunk from
which specialized cells
develop and branch out
over time.
8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/individual-presentation-stem-cells-for-cell-based-therapies 5/22
4/15/12 The BioBusiness
Origin of stem cell researchCellular biology, first studied in the 1800s,
The advent of the microscope gave scientists a first look at human cells.
• cells were identified as the building blocks of life, capable of reproducing and
differentiating into the cell types that make up the body.
discovery of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 that scientists began to
understand the self-replicating ability of cells.
• The DNA within an embryonic cell is what allows it to differentiate into cell types..
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8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
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4/15/12 The BioBusiness
Rare cells that can befound in only somedeveloped organs ortissues
Cells that are derivedfrom embryos thatdevelop from eggs thathave been fertilized
Adult Stem CellsEmbryonic Stem Cells
Stem Cells
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8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/individual-presentation-stem-cells-for-cell-based-therapies 7/224/15/12 The BioBusiness
Sources of Stem Cells
E m b r y o n i c S t e m
C e l l s
S p a r e e
m b r y o s a t f e r t i l i t y
c l i n i c s
C l o n e d e m b r y o s
( T h e r a p e u
t i c C l o n i n g )
The BioBusiness
Each year it is estimatedthat couples undergo
120,000 cycles of
fertility treatment using
in vitro (outside the
body) fertilization (IVF),and from these cycles
7,500 embryos are
discarded
8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/individual-presentation-stem-cells-for-cell-based-therapies 8/224/15/12 The BioBusiness
Sources of Stem Cells
E m b r y o n i c S t e m
C e l l s
S p a r e e
m b r y o s a t f e r t i l i t y
c l i n i c s
C l o n e d e m b r y o s
( T h e r a p e u
t i c C l o n i n g )
The BioBusiness
8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/individual-presentation-stem-cells-for-cell-based-therapies 9/224/15/12 The BioBusiness
Sources of Stem Cells
E m b r y o n i c S t e m
C e l l s
S p a r e e
m b r y o s a t f e r t i l i t y
c l i n i c s
C l o n e d e m b r y o s
( T h e r a p e u
t i c C l o n i n g )
A d u l t S t e m
C e l l
A d u l t T
i s s u e s
O r g a n s
A b o r t e d f e t u s e s
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8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
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4/15/12The BioBusiness
Debate
Embryonic VS Adult
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8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
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Advantages
E m b r y o n i c
F l e x i b l e
I m m o r t
a l
E a s i l y a
v a i l a b l e
A d u l t
A l r e a d y
s o m e w h a t s p e c i a l i z e d
I m m u n e
h a r d y
M i x e d d e g r e e o f a v a i l a b i l i t y
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8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
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Disadvantages
E m b r y o n i c
Difficult to control
At odds with a patient’s
immune system
Ethically controversial
A d u l t
M i n i m a l q u a n t i t y
F i n i t e
G e n e t i c
a l l y u n s u i t a b l e
The BioBusiness
8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
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Disadvantages
E m b r y
o n i c
Difficult to control
At odds with a patient’s
immune system
Ethically controversial
A d u l t
M i n i m a l q u a n t i t y
F i n i t e
G e n e t i c
a l l y u n s u i t a b l e
The BioBusiness
8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
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Benefits of Stem Cells
Cure Diseases
• Neurological Parkinson's disease
•
Blood Childhood and adult leukemia• Bone marrow failure
• Pancreatic & Blood Type 1 Diabetes
•
Other Burns• Liver disease including hepatitis
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Ø Parkinson’s Diseaseinvolves the loss of cells
which produce theneurotransmitter
dopamine.
Ø fetal cell transplants forParkinson’s Disease
Ørelease of dopamine fromthe transplanted cells
ØUsed a patient’s plucked hairto grow skin
ØSkin stem cells reside in thehair follicle and can be removed
when a hair is plucked
Ø be cultured to form anepidermal equivalent of thepatients own skin
Ø bypassing the problem of rejection.
Ø used for venous ulcers andburns
8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/individual-presentation-stem-cells-for-cell-based-therapies 15/224/15/12 The BioBusiness
Benefits of Stem Cells
Cure Diseases
• Neurological Parkinson's disease
•
Blood Childhood and adult leukemia• Bone marrow failure
• Pancreatic & Blood Type 1 Diabetes
•
Other Burns• Liver disease including hepatitis
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Only Adult StemCells made it
possible
8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
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Hindrance
Human embryonic stem cells are still new
Ethical Issues
Lack of funding for research• allow federal money to be used to fund embryonic stem
cell research
• Condition: must only research on the existing cell lines
which is more than 60
• However, only 20 are available in the end
• researchers must also work with new lines. researchers
must rely on private philanthropic support
The BioBusiness
8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/individual-presentation-stem-cells-for-cell-based-therapies 17/224/15/12 The BioBusiness
Hindrance
Human embryonic stem cells are still new
Ethical Issues
Lack of funding for research• allow federal money to be used to fund embryonic stem
cell research
• Condition: must only research on the existing cell lines
which is more than 60
• However, only 20 are available in the end
• researchers must also work with new lines. researchers
must rely on private philanthropic support
The BioBusiness
President Obama recently
lifted the ban on federal
funding for embryonic stem
cell research imposed by
President Bush 8 years ago.
8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
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4/15/12The BioBusiness
Debate
Video
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8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
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Future
A remedy for other illnesses
• Heart Disease, Alzheimer's disease , Muscular dystrophy ,
Hearing disorders , Stroke , Infertility etc
Ability to obtain embryonic stem cells without using embryos
• Reprogrammed Skin Cells Could Replace Embryonic Stem Cells
The BioBusiness
8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
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8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
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Discussion
What are your views on the ethical controversies
of the usage of embryonic stem cells?
Should countries place limits on stem cell
research?
The BioBusiness
8/2/2019 Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
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Evaluation – 7.5
G o o d
I n - d e p t h
I n c l u d e
s u p d a t e s o n t h e
r e s e a r c h
A n i m a t
i o n s , v i d e o s , p i c t u r e s
B A D
Needs more research
• No background knowledge
Too science-based
Back dated article
Th Bi B i