Post on 22-Feb-2017
transcript
INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY IN CONSERVATION OF GROUNDWATER
RESOURCES
Key Idea:• Groundwater is an important resource whose availability is threatened by overuse and pollution
• solution for this crisis
WATER BUDGET
• The water budget is the balance between the water that reaches the ground as precipitations, and the water that leaves the ground as evaporation, runoff, and consumption.
POSITIVE WATER BALANCE
• If the amount of precipitation of a region is greater than the evaporation and consumption added together, then that region has a positive water balance, or surplus.
NEGATIVE WATER BALANCE
• If, the amount of precipitation is less than the usage and evaporation, then the region has a negative water balance, or deficit.
Factors Controlling the Water Budget of a
Region• Climate conditions• The characteristics of soil• The type of vegetation• The type of underlying
rocks• HUMAN ACTIVITIES
HUMAN ACTIVITIES threatens the
aquifers in two ways:
overuse pollution
OVERUSE OF GROUNDWATER
RESOURCES• Wells can dry, and human
communities have no water!• In coastal areas, by pumping
put the fresh water, salty water will take its place.
• By removing the water, the rocks become more compact, and the surface of the ground sinks . This phenomenon is called subsidence.
Coastal Wells Salinization
WHAT CAN WE DO?
• The used household water is pumped back into the ground through wells.
• Water is also pumped into ponds and allowed to seep back into the ground.
GROUNDWATER POLLUTION
• Groundwater is recharged by rain seeping down through the soil.
• Virtually, any harmful chemical that is disposed at the surface of the ground will reach the groundwater.
• Some common pollutants are:
-fertilizers and pesticides -toxic wastes berried in the
ground (common practice in the past)
-accidental spills -farm wastes -sewage from septic tanks,
etc
Groundwater Use and Pollution
Sources of Groundwater
Pollution
Sources of Water Pollution
One Billion people Lack Clean
Drinking Water
WHAT CAN WE DO?
There is no simple or inexpensive way to purify polluted groundwater. Further pollution can be controlled, or reduced by:
• Reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers
• Using environmental friendly chemicals in agriculture
• Proper disposal of toxic wastes.
• Use of native plants in our landscape
RECHARGE GROUNDWATER
RESOURCES• Rainwater harvesting dug
outs• Use native plants in
landscapes.
RAINWATER HARVESTING
• Rainwater harvesting under Kerala Municipality Building Rules, 1999. CHAPTER XVI A
109A “Unless otherwise stipulated specifically in a town Planning Scheme, workable rooftop rainwater harvesting arrangements shall be provided as an integral part of all new building constructions.”
RAINWATER HARVESTING
DUG OUTS
PREPARED AND PRESENTED BY,
Ancy Varghese, 2nd Year, B.A.,L.L.B Student,
NUALS