Individual summer Individual summer projectproject

10. Measure to ease the problem of 10. Measure to ease the problem of air pollutionair pollution

The cause of air pollutionThe cause of air pollution

• Combustion of Combustion of fuels.fuels.

• Gases emitted Gases emitted from factories and from factories and power station.power station.

• Incomplete Incomplete combustion.combustion.

• Presences of Presences of impurities.impurities.

The air pollutants:The air pollutants:

• Carbon monoxide, sCarbon monoxide, soot, unburnt hydrocoot, unburnt hydrocarbons.arbons.

• Oxides of nitrogen.Oxides of nitrogen.• Oxides of sulphur.Oxides of sulphur.• Lead petrol.Lead petrol.• Hydrogen chloride, cHydrogen chloride, c

hlorine.hlorine.• Carbon dioxide.Carbon dioxide.

Problems associated with the Problems associated with the air pollutants:air pollutants:

• Carbon monoxideCarbon monoxide - Toxic gas.- Toxic gas. - Combine with haemoglobin to form - Combine with haemoglobin to form

carboxyhaemoglobin irreversibly.carboxyhaemoglobin irreversibly. - Suffocation. - Suffocation.

• Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxideSulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide

- Toxic gases.- Toxic gases.

- Cause acid rain.- Cause acid rain.

• Lead compoundsLead compounds

- cumulative poisons.- cumulative poisons.

- damage body.- damage body.

• Soot Soot

- attack respiratory system and plants. - attack respiratory system and plants.

• Unbrunt hydrocarbons Unbrunt hydrocarbons - cause cancer and photochemi- cause cancer and photochemi

cal smog.cal smog.• Photochemical smogPhotochemical smog - damage plants and attack res- damage plants and attack res

piratory system.piratory system.• Global warmingGlobal warming - change climate pattern.- change climate pattern. - rise of sea level and cause floo- rise of sea level and cause floo

ding.ding.

CFCs from aerosol can which cause global warming

Methods to minimize the air Methods to minimize the air pollutants to ease air pollutionpollutants to ease air pollution

• 1. Catalytic converter in car 1. Catalytic converter in car exhaust systemexhaust system

- React nitrogen oxides (NO- React nitrogen oxides (NOXX) with ) with carbon monoxide (CO) to give carbon carbon monoxide (CO) to give carbon dioxide (COdioxide (CO22) and nitrogen dioxide ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(NO22).).

- Hydrocarbons react with carbon - Hydrocarbons react with carbon monoxide (CO) to give carbon dioxide monoxide (CO) to give carbon dioxide (CO(CO22) and water (H) and water (H22O). O).

- Unleaded petrol engine only.- Unleaded petrol engine only.

Catalytic ConverterCatalytic Converter

different types odifferent types of catalytic used f catalytic used in cars.in cars.

Minibus that have not install catalytic converter emitting huge amount of soot and air pollutant.

• 2. Scrubber in industry2. Scrubber in industry - React sulphur dioxide (SO2) with limest- React sulphur dioxide (SO2) with limest

one (calcium carbonate – CaCO3) to give one (calcium carbonate – CaCO3) to give calcium sulphite (CaSO4).calcium sulphite (CaSO4).

Scrubber in an industry in TaiwanScrubber in an industry in Taiwan

• 3. Electrostatic 3. Electrostatic precipitator in precipitator in industryindustry

- removes solids - removes solids particles in burning particles in burning fuels by fuels by electrostatic forces electrostatic forces at very high at very high voltages.voltages.

• 4. Changes the fuels in automobiles4. Changes the fuels in automobiles automobiles are the main source of air pollutioautomobiles are the main source of air pollutio

n in todays world.n in todays world.

- use unleaded - use unleaded petrol.petrol.

- use low sulphur - use low sulphur content petrol.content petrol.

- use LPG gas as - use LPG gas as fuels.fuels.

- use gasohol (mixed - use gasohol (mixed by ethanol and by ethanol and gasoline) in cars.gasoline) in cars.

- use of electricity as - use of electricity as power source.power source.

- use hydrogen as - use hydrogen as power source.power source.

LPG taxi in hong kong

• 5. Legislation, commitment and Policy5. Legislation, commitment and Policy

- reduce air pollutant amount by new - reduce air pollutant amount by new commitment in international level (like commitment in international level (like Kyoto’s Treaty, Conference on Kyoto’s Treaty, Conference on Environment and Development, Earth Environment and Development, Earth Summit )Summit )

- government enforce or subsidies car - government enforce or subsidies car driver to install catalytic converterdriver to install catalytic converter

- increase taxes of fossil fuels - increase taxes of fossil fuels - increase license fare of cars - increase license fare of cars - increase first registration fee of cars- increase first registration fee of cars

• 6. Better management plan6. Better management plan

- minimize deforestation - minimize deforestation

and plant additional and plant additional

trees.trees.

- stationary polluting sources (power - stationary polluting sources (power station, incinerator, …) should be far station, incinerator, …) should be far away from residential area.away from residential area.

- increase the height of chimney of - increase the height of chimney of industry, incinerator and power industry, incinerator and power station.station.

- plant more trees in roads and build - plant more trees in roads and build more parks.more parks.

• 7. Individual level7. Individual level - have a conservative living style.- have a conservative living style. - support green group for forestation.- support green group for forestation. - learn more about air pollution - learn more about air pollution

consequences and how to ease it.consequences and how to ease it. - use more public transport instead of - use more public transport instead of

private car.private car.

THE THE ENDEND