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INFECTION
CHLLENGES AHEAD
?Dr.T.V.Rao MD
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INFECTION IS GREAT
THREAT TO LIFEThe great threat to Life is Infection in spite of manyMedical advances
The Morbidity and Mortality in Developing
countries is much higher many patients areilliterate and poor, so really we do not work
on this area as there is no Accountability
With advances and use misuse of Antibiotics,unhygienic practices lead to spread of Hospital
acquired infections have become a threat even in
Developed countries
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Life is experience start learning
The TIME IS TICKING
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My Friends we are moving from
Microbiology to Infection
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Transmission of Infections
Infections can be transmitted through a
variety of routes from one part of your body
to another, or from person to person, fromthe environment, food or even animals.
People can become infected by contact
touching something or someone; by
breathing something in or by swallowingsomething, or infections can be introduced
through a cut or wound
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Do we Spread Infections?
Despite our best intentions, healthprofessionals sometimes act as
vectors of disease, disseminatingnew infections among theirunsuspecting clients. Attention to
simple preventive strategies maysignificantly reduce diseasetransmission rates
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Infection a threat to LifeModern medicine has led
to dramatic changes in
infectious diseases
practice. Vaccination and
antibiotic therapy havebenefited millions of
persons. However,
constrained resources
now threaten our ability to
adequately managethreats of infectious
1 Influenza
2 Tuberculosis
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WHO IS INCHARGE OF
INFECTIONInfection control programmes are cost-effective, but their implementation is
often hindered by a lack of support from
administrators and poor compliance by
doctors, nurses, and other health
workers. Some health professionals
suffer from the Omo syndromeabelief that they are always super clean
and sterile
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MOST LIFE THREATING INFECTIONS
CAN BE PREVENTED -
RARELY CUREDJust think How much we can cure these Infections
Hepatitis B and C
HIV Infection
Influenza
Today EBOLA
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ARE OUR HANDS CLEAN
JUSTNOThe hands of staff arethe commonest
vehicles by which
microorganisms aretransmitted between
patients. Hand
washing is accepted
as the single most
important measure in
infection
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Hand washingThe hands of staff are the
commonest vehicles by which
microorganisms are transmittedbetween patients Hand washing
is accepted as the single most
important measure in
infection control
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When should you wash
your hands?
Before eating food
Before and after caring for someone who is sick
Before and after treating a cut or wound
After using the toilet
After blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing
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How should you wash
your hands?Wet your hands with clean, running water (warm or cold),turn off the tap, and apply soap.
Lather your hands by rubbing them together with the soap.Be sure to lather the backs of your hands, between yourfingers, and under your nails.
Scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds. Need a timer?
Rinse your hands well under clean, running water.
Dry your hands using a clean towel or air dry them.
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Steps in Hand Washing
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What to Use for Hand
WashingAlcoholic hand
disinfection is
generally used inEurope, while hand
washing with
medicated soap is
more commonlypractised in the United
States.
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What is the Best Soap to
wash Hands
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Alcohol-based hand rubs are more effective
against most bacteria and many viruses than
either medicated or non-medicated soaps
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CAN I USE THE ALCHOOL
HAND WASHRequire less time to use
Result in a significantlygreater reduction in bacterial
numbers than soap and waterin many clinical situations
Cause less irritation to theskin
Can be made readilyaccessible to HCWs
Are more cost effective
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GlovesGloves are a useful
additional means of
reducing nosocomial
infection, but they
supplement rather thanreplace hand washing.
Possible microbial
contamination of hands
and transmission of
infection has been
reported despite gloves
being worn.
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MasksIt has never been shown thatwearing surgical facemasksdecreases postoperativewound infections. Whenoriginally introduced, theprimary function of thesurgical mask was to preventthe migration ofmicroorganisms residing in
the nose and mouth ofmembers of the operatingteam to the open wound of thepatient.
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USED SYRINGE AND NEEDLE
A threat to LifeThe important pathogens to be considered in this
situation are hepatitis B virus , hepatitis C
virus (HCV) and HIV . It is essential that the healthcare provider be knowledgeable about the risks of
acquisition of these viruses following needle stick
injuries, and the recommendations for management
and follow-up. it is prudent to assume that the needlemay have been contaminated with one or more of
these viruses.
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DO NOT PLAY WITH NEEDLES
WHO reports in the World
Health Report 2002, that of
the 35 million health-care
workers, 2 million experience
percutaneous exposure to
infectious diseases each year.
It further notes that 37.6% of
Hepatitis B, 39% of Hepatitis
C and 4.4% of HIV/AIDS in
Health-Care Workers around
the world are due to needle
stick injuries
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DO NOT RECAP NEEDLES
Needle stick injuries are
a common event in the
healthcare environment.
These injuries also
commonly occur during
needle recapping and as
a result of failure to place
used needles inapproved sharps
containers
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Dealing with Needle Stick
InjuriesEncourage bleeding at the siteof puncture
Wash the wound
Do not scrub the wound whileyou're washing it. This canmake the injury worse.
Never try to suck the wound
Dry and cover the wound. Use asterile material to dry the woundand immediately cover thewound with a waterproof plasteror dressing.
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Dealing with Simple Wounds
A primary concern
Dealing with Trivial injuries without
any Infection control precautions
can be Dangerous
1 Gas gangrene,
2 Tetanus
3 Cellulitis
4 Wound infection with
Staphylococcus
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Dealing with Burn Wounds
A primary concern
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Primary care in handling wounds
makes the difference
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Cut injury Looks simple but
Infections can make difference
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Hospital Acquired Infections
Threat to Life and Reputation of the
HospitalAn infection acquiredin hospital by a patientwho was admitted for
a reason other thanthat infection. Thisincludes infectionsacquired in thehospital but appearing
after discharge, andalso occupationalinfections among staffof the facility
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Hospital Acquired Infections
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Behavioural Changes
Previous studies have
shown that the traditional
approach of lecture-base
education alone does notresult in meaningful
behavioural changes.
Rather it is thought that a
blended learningapproach, with particular
focus on the small group
format is important.
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WHOSE BUSINESS ISINFECTION CONTROL?
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WHO IS INCHARGE OF
INFECTION CONTROL ?
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WE ARE ALL
RESPONSIBLE
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The 10 standard infection
control precautions are
1 Hand Hygiene
2. Personal Protective
Equipment
3. Respiratory and Cough
Hygiene
4. Management of Blood and
Body Fluid Spillage
5. Occupational Exposure
Management
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The 10 standard infection
control precautions are
7. Management of Care
Equipment
8. Providing Care in the MostAppropriate Place
9. Management of Linen
10. Safe Management of
Waste
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UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
Use UniversalPrecautions. Universalprecautions is an
approach to infectioncontrol to treat all humanblood and certain humanbody fluids as if theywere known to beinfectious for HIV, HBVand other blood bornepathogens,
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Start Practising Hand Hygiene
TODAY IS A GOOD BEGINNINGYou may need to
wash your hands a
number of timesthroughout your
working day pause
now and think of 5
occasions where youmay need to wash
your hands.
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ARE THE FLOWERS SAFE IN THE
HOSPITAL?
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Never Forget Manners makes
a lot of DifferenceMedical profession has beendealing with the repercussionsof bad bedside manner foryears, and anyone whosbeen to the hospital recentlycan tell you there has been amarked change in the waythat medical staff interact withpatients.
The incorporation of empathyskills into medical school andresidency.
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My Friends our Patients are not lifeless
objects
Keep them in good Humour
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MEDICINE IS CHANGING FROM
TRADATIONAL TO MODERN METHODS
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ADVICE FROM MY TEACHRS
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SOCIAL MEDIA AND
INFECTION
The Facebook and Twitter are
well connected with issues on
Infection
Can be connected with me if
you have any clarification you
reach me
Raos Infection
care onFACEBOOK
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Program Created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for Junior
Residents for effective implementation of
basic skills in Infection prevention Practices
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
doctortvrao@gmail.com