INFECTION INFECTION CONTROL CONTROL

MEASURESMEASURES

DEFENITIONDEFENITION• MEASURES PRACTICED BY HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL TO PREVENT SPREAD ,TRANSMISSION AND ACQUISITION OF INFECTION BETWEEN CLIENTS,FROM HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS TO CLIENTS AND FROM CLIENTS TO HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS

• INFECTION COTROL MEASURES ARE BASED ON HOW AN INFECTIOUS AGENT IS TRANSMITTED . INCLUDES … STANDARD PRECAUTIONS ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS

STANDARD PRECAUTIONSSTANDARD PRECAUTIONS

Specific precautions designed to prevent harmful bacteria and viruses

from infecting people who are providing first aid or health care.

STANDARD PRECAUTIONSSTANDARD PRECAUTIONS

• As defined by CDC: • Standard Precautions are a set of

practices designed to prevent the transmission of HIV, Hepatitis B and other blood borne pathogens (bacteria and viruses).

• Under SP, blood and other body fluids of all patients are considered potentially infectious.

Body Fluids IncludeBody Fluids Include::• Blood• Vomit• Saliva• Stool (feces)• Urine• Drainage from

nose or sinuses

• Drainage from cuts, scrapes, wounds or sores

• Secretions from mucous membranes

• Sputum (mucus from lungs)

• Vaginal secretions• Semen

Standard Precaution StepsStandard Precaution Steps

• Personal Protective Equipment• Decontamination• Hand Washing• Waste Disposal

Personal Protective Personal Protective EquipmentEquipment

• “specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials”

Personal Protective Personal Protective EquipmentEquipment

• Gloves• Aprons

• Gowns

• Protective eyewear

• Face shields

• Masks

Gloves...Gloves...Always wear gloves when …

• Direct contact with body fluids is anticipated (nosebleeds, bleeding abrasions, etc.)

• Handling clothes soiled by urine, feces, vomit or blood

• Diapering children

Gloves…Gloves…• One time use.• If gloves not immediately available, use

barrier such as paper towels.• When removing, peel off hands and roll

glove outside in. • Discard gloves in lined trash container.

• Wash hands after removing gloves.

Key Points About PPEKey Points About PPE

• Done before contact with the patient, generally before entering the room

• Use carefully – don’t spread contamination

• Remove and discard carefully, either at the doorway or immediately outside patient room; remove respirator outside room

• Immediately perform hand hygiene

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings

Factors Influencing PPE Factors Influencing PPE SelectionSelection

• Type of exposure anticipated

– Splash/spray versus touch

– Category of isolation precautions

Sequence for Removing PPESequence for Removing PPE

• Gloves

• Face shield or goggles

• Gown

• Mask or respirator

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings

: Decontamination: Decontamination• Area must be cleaned with approved quaternary

disinfectant – Clorox wipes and Lysol type products will kill many infectious organisms but will not kill blood borne pathogens.

• Contact custodian for clean-up of blood or body fluid “spills”.

• Discard gloves and any contaminated materials in a lined trash container.

• Wash Hands.

Hand washingHand washing

The MOST IMPORTANT STEP

Use liquid soap and warm water.

Wash vigorously for 10 – 15 seconds.

Rinse under warm running water.

.

Waste DisposalWaste Disposal

• Proper handling and disposal of needles.

• Taking precautions to prevent injury from scalpels, needles, and other sharp instruments.

Waste DisposalWaste Disposal

• Bag and tie• Place in second bag and tie again

(double bag technique)

• Place all sharps (used needles) in sharps container.

• Wash hands after removing gloves.

Flow Chart - Disposal of Wastes at Flow Chart - Disposal of Wastes at the Health Facilitythe Health Facility

Disposal of Injection Related Wastes

WrapperNeedles / broken ampoules / cutter

(sharps)

Needle Cap / Syringes (after

hub cut), gloves, IV set

Swabs

Green BagWhite Translucent

Puncture Proof Container

Blue Bag Yellow Bag

Municipal wastes

Disinfectant / Autoclaving &

Shredding & Sharp Pit

Disinfectant / Autoclaving, Shredding &

Recycling

Incineration/ Burial

ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONSADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS• Respiratory hygiene/cough hygiene

• Environmental cleaning

• Handling of patient care equipment

• Injection safety

THANK YOUTHANK YOU