Post on 27-Dec-2015
transcript
At Age
1900-1902Remaining Years of Expected Life
2003Remaining Years of Expected
LifeWhite Male
White Female
Black Male
Black Female
White Male
White Female
Black Male
Black Female
0 (Birth) 48 51 33 35 75 81. 69 7610 51 52 42 43 66 71 60 6720 42 45 35 37 56 61 51 5730 35 37 29 31 47 52 42 4840 28 29 23 24 38 42 33 3950 21 21 17 18 29 33 25 3060 14 15 13 14 21 24 18 2270 9 10 8 10 14 16 12 1580 5 6 5 6 8 10 8 10
Source : US CDC
Life Expectancy of Americans at Various Ages in 1900-’02 and 2003By Age, Gender and Race
What is the significance of injury and toxicity?
• Tissues differ in their capacity for repair– Epithelial cells are continuously replaced– Nerve cells, in general, do not divide
• Organs also differ in their “safety factors”– All organs have some amount of excess
capacity– With aging and injury, the excess capacity is
lost, and this may lead to loss of function
http://www.gkivdo.com/gkii/wire_3.jpg
Elevator cable for passenger elevators has a safety factor of about 11
Modified from: http://www.chrononhotonthologos.com/inactive/strokedr/hbothera.htm
.
.Area of dead tissue(Ischemic core)
Ischemic penumbra where cells are irreversibly damaged.Cells in this region often undergo apoptosis in the hours after the stroke.
Inflammation
Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 IL-6 TNF
LIVER
Positive acute phase reactants:
Fibrinogen
Serum amyloid A C-reactive Protein
C3
Haptoglobin
http://www.euromeds.co.uk/allergy-treatment-information.htm
Allergen binds to IgE, which links to mast cells, triggering release of histamine.
2000
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990, 2000, 2010
(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person)
2010
1990
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
http://www.lipidsonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?q=abdominal+fat&pg=1
In this abdominal MRI scan, it is possible to see subcutaneous fat around the abdomen, surrounding abdominal muscles. Visceral fat is deeper inside the abdomen, surrounding internal organs.It is the visceral fat that secretes IL-6, strongly suggesting a mechanistic link to systemic inflammation.
http://mednews.wustl.edu/tips/page/normal/8947.html
The women in this study did not gain weight, but they did have an increase in abdominal fat
http://www.lipidsonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?q=abdominal+fat&dpg=10