Inner ear disordersInner ear disorders

Causes: Prenatal, Perinatal and PostnatalCauses: Prenatal, Perinatal and Postnatal

Prenatal: Occurs during the Prenatal: Occurs during the development of the cochleadevelopment of the cochlea

Perinatal: Occurs during the process of Perinatal: Occurs during the process of birthbirth

Postnatal: Occurs after birthPostnatal: Occurs after birth

Prenatal causesPrenatal causes

SyndromesSyndromes

Rh incompatibilityRh incompatibility

DrugsDrugs

Viral infections (rubella, AIDS)Viral infections (rubella, AIDS)

Perinatal causesPerinatal causes

AnoxiaAnoxia

Toxicity in mother’s bloodstreamToxicity in mother’s bloodstream

PrematurityPrematurity

TraumaTrauma

Postnatal causesPostnatal causes

Complications of otitis mediaComplications of otitis media

Meningitis/ EncephalitisMeningitis/ Encephalitis

Viral infections (mumps, measles, chicken pox)Viral infections (mumps, measles, chicken pox)

SyphilisSyphilis

High feversHigh fevers

Kidney disease, diabetesKidney disease, diabetes

Other causesOther causes

Ototoxicity (neomycin, kanamycin, aspirin, furesemide, Ototoxicity (neomycin, kanamycin, aspirin, furesemide, nicotine, alcohol)nicotine, alcohol)

Vestibulotoxicity (Streptomycin, gentamycin)Vestibulotoxicity (Streptomycin, gentamycin)

OtosclerosisOtosclerosis

BarotraumaBarotrauma

Noise induced hearing lossNoise induced hearing loss

Surgical complications/TraumaSurgical complications/Trauma

Sudden/fluctuating hearing lossSudden/fluctuating hearing loss

Meniere’s diseaseMeniere’s disease

PresbycusisPresbycusis

Images courtesy of Gerhardt, K. Work on fetal sheep