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Integration of Renewables into Future Power Grids
Institute of Power Systems
and Power EconomicsR&D-Building with
Transmission System Group
Testcenter for
Electric Vehicle
Infrastructure and Networks
Research Group
Energy Efficiency
Integration of Renewables into Future Power Grids
RES Scenario NRW
0
2
4
6
8
10
NEP Szenario A NEP Szenario B NEP Szenario C dena VNS (*) NEP Szenario B dena VNS (**)
Ad
dit
ion
sfr
om
2012
[GW
]
Windenergie Photovoltaik Biomasse
Integration of Renewables into Future Power Grids
Identification of Wind Energy Potentials
Wind potential analysis Potential space
Wind speedTechnical potential
Spatial abilitiesLand-use conflicts
Excluded areasCase-by-case decisions
Noise-optimised calculation of potential spaceEconomical wind field
Determination of feasible potentials
Integration of Renewables into Future Power Grids
Base scenario 2050 – 85% renewables –
approx. 30 TWhel
Pumped storages today:
0,04 TWh
Source: Nitsch, Sterner et al., 2010, BMU Leitszenarien Zwischenbericht
Renewable power supply and load, January to February 2050 (based on Meteo year 2006)
Ca
pa
city
(GW
)
Integration of Renewables into Future Power Grids
Power Grid Expansion in Germany
4
5
3
5
6
4
4
7
4
1
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
22
2
2 2
02
22
01
2
2
5
2
6
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
5
5 6
2
04
2
2
4
2
1
2
2
2
02
4 4
2
2
2
2
6
8
4
22
2 1
4
2
2
6
1
04 (MV)
13 (BE/BR)12 (ST)
24 (RP/SL)
29 (BW) 30 (BW/BY) 31 (BY)
14 (NW)
20 (NW)
28 (BW)
05 (MV)
07 (BR)
19 (BR/SN)
23 (SN)
1
3
3
15 (NW)
2
1
2
Leiter innerhalb Deutschlands (Grundzustand)
Leiter in Nachbarländer (Grundzustand)
Zubauten für 2020
Zubauten für 2030
Zubauten für 2040
Anzahl paralleler Systeme2
1
2
111
1
2
22
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
02 (NI)03 (HH/SH)
11 (NI)
17 (NI)
18 (ST)
22 (TH)21 (HE)
16 (HE)
10 (NI)
08 (NI)
09 (NI)
25 (HE/RP)
26 (BY)
06 (HB/NI)
01 (SH)
27 (BW/HE/RP)
Transmission Network
20 billion euro until 2022
(National network development
plan)
Quelle: TU Dortmund
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HS/MS
MS/NS
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- -
- -
- - - - - - -
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Distribution Network
27 - 42 billion euro until 2030
(German Energy Association
Distribution Network Study)+
Integration of Renewables into Future Power Grids
Distr. grids reach limits of capacity and voltage due to renewable
generation and new controllable load applications
growing share of
distributed
renewables
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Implementation of
innovative devices, grid and
operation/control concepts
new loads and load
managementSource: TU Dortmund
RWE Deutschland AG
distributed renewables
new loads
vo
lta
ge
/ V
Zeit / h
Integration of Renewables into Future Power Grids
Smart Grid Components (primary)
Network Control Unit
110kV/10kV
Quelle: TU Dortmund – ie3, ABB, RWE
Active
Voltage
Conditioner
(medium
voltage
level)
Controllable Local
Network Station
(AVC, low voltage level)
1
3
4
2
8
5
6
97
MS
NS
HV/MV
Integration of Renewables into Future Power Grids
Smart Grid Components (secondary)
Network Control Unit
110kV/10kV
Quelle: TU Dortmund – ie3, ABB, RWE
1
3
4
2
8
5
6
97
MS
NS
HV/MV
Functions
Protection (iProtect)
Fault Location (i3S)
Power Quality Monitoring
Topology Optimization (MS)
(Grid-4-EU)
Coordination Grid vs. RES /
„Ampel“ (proaktives Verteilnetz)
Wide Area Voltage Control (Smart Country, KIT)
Ancillary Services from DG (KIT)
Adaptive State Estimation
Integration of Renewables into Future Power Grids
Distribution Grid Ancillary Services
f
Transmission
Decentralised
control
Centralised
control
Reaction Measuringu
dQlokal
dPlokal
dQzentral
dPzentral
Q
P
ce
ntr
alis
ed
De
ce
ntr
alis
ed
+
+
Transmission and distribution grid model
Balancing power by MPP-TrackingReactive power provision
Conventional instantaneous reserveConventional balancing powerShort-circuit capacity
Frequency-dependent loadVoltage-dependent load
Balancing power by storages, loads and e-mobility
Wind turbine instantaneous reserve
Controllable substation
Integration of Renewables into Future Power Grids
Simulation Framework for Distribution Grid
dQdecentral
dPdecentral
ce
ntr
al
de
ce
ntr
al
+
+
Transmission and distribution grid model
Control reserve by MPP-trackingProvision of reactive power
Conventional instantaneous reserveconventional control reserveShort-circuit power
Frequency-dependent loadsVoltage-dependent loads
Control reserve by storages, loads and e-mobilityProvision of reactive power
Instantaneous reserve by wind power plants
Q
P
u dQcentral
dPcentral
u
Local control
delay inverter
Communication delay
measurment
RMS
PLL
measurment
RMS
PLL
Kdecentral,Tdecentral
Central control
PI or PKcentral,Tcentral
Automatic tap changer
PI or P
Windinertia by wind power plants
TIV,KIV
Ttrans,Ktrans Tdead
idref
LV levelHV level MV levelEHV level
iqref
Δid,l Δiq,l
Controller
Controller
fref
-
uref
Tfmeas,Kfmeas
Tumeas,Kumeas
TPf,KIf
TPu,KIu
fmeas
umeas
-
Central control model
fzuz
ul fl
imax
imin
uTrans
-
uref,tap
+10
-1
tap
PLL
RMS
Transformer model
Measurement model
Communication modelInverter
Local
control
fref,l
uref,l
Measurement
model
DG
mo
de
lC
on
tro
l m
od
el
Measurement
model
TTAP
+
+
Windinertia
0,80
0,85
0,90
0,95
1,00
1,05
1,10
1,15
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Pmech
Pel
Lei
stung P
Zeit t
[s]
A
B
C
D
D`
A
E
fWI,l
idref
Integration of Renewables into Future Power Grids
Conclusions
Transmission grid: Increased utilization of monitoring and control in the grid
Complexity for system operation rises
Smart tools need to be developed to support system operation
Distribution grid: Many new Smart Grid Technologies are being applied
Measurement devices are needed in MV/LV
Adaptive State Estimation System is required for many applications
Ancillary services: Distribution Grids provide Ancillary Services for Power System Operation
Local control concepts vs. centralized control concepts
Interface between DSOs and TSOs must be developed