Post on 20-Mar-2016
description
transcript
10jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec annual
20
30
40
50
60F º
month
70
comfort zone
comfort zone
average low
average high
average high temperature
mean
recorded low
recorded low temperature
recorded high
recorded high temperature
80
90
100
110
average low temperature
thermal comfort is when body’s effort to regulate temperature is at its minimum
0500
10152025303540455055
minimum wind speed
average humidity
average wind speed
maximun wind speed
wind speed and humidy
450%
100%
50
55
ew
s
n
building type b
zoning type commercial
parkingoffice building parking restrictions 0.5-3 parking spaces per 1000 square feetrestaurants parking restrictions 10-25 parking spaces per 1000 square feetretail parking restrictions 2-4 parking spaces per 1000 square feet
height restrictions occupancy groups office building type b construction type 1 hour sprinkler max: 6 stories or 85’ construction type 2 hour sprinkler max: 12 stories 180’egress business mas travel distance unsprinkled 200’ sprinkled 300’ max common path of egress travel unsprinkled 75’ sprinkled 100’ largest roof or area with only one means of egress:49 occupants minimum length of dead end coridoor: unsprinkled 20’ sprinkled 50’ door width minimum 32” net clear maximum 48” nominal mimimum clear corridor width 44” serving more than 49 occupants 36” serving 49 or fewer occupants minimum stair width 44” serving more than 49 occupants 36” serving 49 or fewer occupants
yard requirements
(1) b. on corner lots, the front setback shall be no less than zero (0) feet
and no greater than the setback established by the development on the
adjacent lot.
landscaping requirements.
(1) no less than ninety (90) percent of the required front yard excluding paved curb returns or driveways up to a minimum of ten (10) percent of the total development lot area shall be landscaped and permanently maintained, except that:
a. interior courtyards shall not be included in any required landscaping.
b. buildings with zero (0) front and side setback shall not be required to have any on-site landscaping except that when a structure with zero (0) setback has adjacent parking ten (10) percent of that parking area must be landscaped.
(2) the parkway areas of adjacent rights-of-way, excluding paved curb cuts and driveways, shall be landscaped and permanently maintained. this shall be in addition to the landscaping required above. any landscaping placed in the parkway must be in compliance with section 29-30(b)(6)i.3. of the zoning ordinance.
(3) all required landscaping must be visible from the public right-of-way and placed for maximum enhancement of the property and the broadway corridor.
(4) landscaping shall meet the requirements of section 29-3(62), except that hard surface materials shall include only brick, stone, and modular pavers. landscaping shall not include the use of smooth, patterned, colored or aggregate poured-in-place concrete or asphalt. 5) any landscaping placed within the visibility triangle of a corner lot shall be in compliance with the vision clearance standards of this section.
(6) off-street parking of motor vehicles immediately adjacent to any street shall be screened from the street by a two and one-half foot (2 1/2) solid fence. such fencing shall be placed immediately adjacent to the parking area in accordance with subsection 29-19.1(p)(1) of this section and set back no more than six (6) feet. the area between the fence and the property line, if any, must be landscaped and permanently maintained according to the landscape section of this ordinance.
(7) all landscaped areas on the development tract and adjacent parkway shall have immediate availability of water (i.e., a water faucet) or an irrigation system, either system to be capable of sustaining plant materials. irrigation systems shall meet acceptable industry standards.
(8) irrigation systems adjacent to public streets shall not spray onto adjacent streets or gutters.
(9) when seasonal conditions warrant, the building official may issue a temporary certificate of occupancy for sixty (60), ninety (90), or one hundred twenty (120) days pending completion of landscaping. no final certificate of occupancy shall be issued prior to completion of landscape requirements
vision clearance
(1) front yards. in a front yard, no wall, fence or other structure shall be erected in any part of the front yard that would be higher than a line extending from a point two and one-half (2 1/2) feet above the natural ground level at the front lot line to a point four and one-half (4 1/2) feet above the natural ground level at a depth of twenty-five (25) feet from the front lot line.
(2) corner lots. it shall be unlawful to set out, construct, maintain, or permit or cause to be set out, constructed, or maintained any tree, shrub, plant, sign or structure or any other view obstruction having a height greater than two (2) feet as measured from the top of the curb of the adjacent streets within the intersection visibility triangle. this restriction shall not apply to traffic control signs and signals, street signs or utility poles placed within such area by authority of the city. intersection visibility triangle shall mean a triangle sight area, at all intersections, which shall include that portion of public right-of-way and any corner lot within a triangle formed by a diagonal line extending through points on the two (2) property lines twenty-five (25) feet from the street corner intersection of the property lines (or that point of intersection of the property lines extended) and intersecting the curb lines.
(3) parkways. it shall be unlawful to set out, construct, maintain, or permit to be maintained, set out or constructed any shrub or plant (excluding trees), sign of structure, or any other view obstruction having a height of greater than three (3) feet, as measured from the top of the curb of the adjacent street, in the parkway area. all trees with a trunk diameter greater than two (2) inches measured three (3) feet above ground level that are within any of the parkway area shall be trimmed so that no foliage is less than six (6) feet above the top of the curb of the adjacent street. no evergreen or coniferous species of tree shall be allowed in the parkway. 4) this section shall not apply to traffic control signs and signals, street signs, mail boxes which are less than two (2) feet long on each side which is perpendicular to the street, or utility poles placed within the parkway. no such tree, shrub or plant, sign or structure (including mailboxes) shall be allowed to interfere with the free passage of vehicles on the street or of pedestrians on the sidewalk or to obscure the view of motor vehicle operators of any traffic control device or street sign or otherwise create a traffic hazard.
jojugi
26.5
june 21
septermber 21 and march 21
50
december 21
73.5 sun angle reative to time of year
temperature range
jojugi
office
cafe
mechanical, live, loading, mail, lobby
green zones
office
cafe
mechanical, live, loading, mail, lobby
green zones
office
cafe
mechanical, live, loading, mail, lobby
green zones
office
cafe
mechanical, live, loading, mail, lobby
green zones
office
cafe
mechanical, live, loading, mail, lobby
green zones
office
cafe
mechanical, live, loading, mail, lobby
green zones
massing attempt 1 massing attempt 2 massing attempt 3
jojugi
preliminary design and energy analysisform 1, iteration 1-5
electric utility charges customer charge..............................$ 5 / month uniform charges................................$ 10.5 / kw ................................$ 0.00371 / kw / hr
lubbock utility rates:
form 3 iteration 1
form 3 iteration 2
form 3 iteration 3
form 3 iteration 4
form 3 iteration 5
ribbin cladding and glazing was applied to increase natural lighting in hopes of lowering energy consumption
the amount of total area covered by glass was reduced
curtain wall reduction glazing moved to underneath overhang
180 degree rotation
the peak building load in this iteration is 127 tons, which would prove to be the highest of all the iterations. electricity use is at 11.3 kWh/SF with natural gas use at 5.08 kBtu/SF.
by alternating the glass and precast concrete cladding the peak building load was reduced to 113 tons and the electricity use was reduced by almost .5 kWh/SF.
going with even less glass than the second design, we achieve a peak building load of 100 tons and electricity use was dropped to 10.41 kWh/SF. without changing the total square footage at all we see that the less glass is used in a design the cheaper it is for the building.
wethought that it would be a smart design choice yet for whatever reason we see it helps very little with the building load or electricity use hen compared to the previous design.
the rotation causes an increase in energy use.
form 1 iteration 1
form 1 iteration 2
form 1 iteration 3
form 1 iteration 4
form 1 iteration 5
ribbin cladding and glazing was applied to increase natural lighting in hopes of lowering energy consumption
the amount of total area covered by glass was reduced
curtain wall reduction glazing moved to underneath overhang
180 degree rotation
the peak building load in this iteration is 127 tons, which would prove to be the highest of all the iterations. electricity use is at 11.3 kWh/SF with natural gas use at 5.08 kBtu/SF.
by alternating the glass and precast concrete cladding the peak building load was reduced to 113 tons and the electricity use was reduced by almost .5 kWh/SF.
going with even less glass than the second design, we achieve a peak building load of 100 tons and electricity use was dropped to 10.41 kWh/SF. without changing the total square footage at all we see that the less glass is used in a design the cheaper it is for the building.
wethought that it would be a smart design choice yet for whatever reason we see it helps very little with the building load or electricity use hen compared to the previous design.
the rotation causes an increase in energy use.
natural gas utility chrage customer chrage........................$15.5 / month uniform charges..........................$ 0 / therm / hr ..........................$ 0.396 / therm / hr
jojugi
preliminary design and energy analysisform 2, iteration 1-5
electric utility charges customer charge..............................$ 5 / month uniform charges................................$ 10.5 / kw ................................$ 0.00371 / kw / hr
lubbock utility rates:natural gas utility chrage customer chrage........................$15.5 / month uniform charges..........................$ 0 / therm / hr ..........................$ 0.396 / therm / hr
form 2 iteration 1
form 2 iteration 2
form 2 iteration 3
form 2 iteration 4
form 2 iteration 5
glazing was only incorporated into the form on the north and west side where light was more available
the amount of total area covered by glass was reduced
addition of more pre cast concrete
90 degrees rotation counter clockwise elimination of glazing
90 degree rotation clockwise
reducing the amount of glazing and repacing it with pre case concrete reduced most items
water heating and refrigeration utility consump-tion was increase
going with even less glass than the second desigign the cost was lowered
gas and utility consumtion were not altered
the rotation proved to be a bad decision due to price increases. the shifting of the glazing allowed for more heat to enter on the sounth side of the building
the even distribution of glazing and pre cast concrete allowed for the builing load and electrical load to lower, but the initial mechanical system cost was increased
jojugi
preliminary design and energy analysisform 3, iteration 1-5
natural gas utility chrage customer chrage........................$15.5 / month uniform charges..........................$ 0 / therm / hr ..........................$ 0.396 / therm / hr
electric utility charges customer charge..............................$ 5 / month uniform charges................................$ 10.5 / kw ................................$ 0.00371 / kw / hr
lubbock utility rates:
form 3 iteration 1
form 3 iteration 2
form 3 iteration 3
form 3 iteration 4
form 3 iteration 5
ribbin cladding and glazing was applied to increase natural lighting in hopes of lowering energy consumption
glazing was eliminated 90 degree clockwise rotation glazing was placed in atrium space and in main office space
open air parking lot implamented
glazing again increasedrotation 90 degree counter-clockwise for circulation
every item was lowered except natural gas use
every item was slightly reduced due to the rotation
every item as increase due to roation (for circulation) and addition of glazing for natural lighting
slight increase again due to practical-ity of lighting and parking
area lighting and misc. equipment consump-tion begin to overtake space cooling
water heating was reduced by 21%
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final iteration
/ Unit$1.3212 kBtu / SF18.41Natural Gas Use: / Unit$0.0807 kWh / SF9.62Electricity Use: W / SF6.10 kW198Peak Electrical Load: SF / Ton321.31 Tons101Peak Building Load:
Analysis Summary
$885,801.59Net Present Value:$7,113.00First Year's Natural Gas Cost:
$25,186.00First Year's Electricity Cost:$555,500.00Initial Mechanical System Cost:
Net Present Value Over 15 Years
Monthly Utility Consumption by End Use Annual Utility Consumption by End Use
winter solsticesummer solstice
jojugi
floor one enlarged core
pad mounted transformer
cable tray
electrical shaft
2 ft diameter chimney
8 in piping to cooling tower
5x5 ft vertical supply shaft
meter
transformer
panels
plumbing
18” plumbing wall
janitor closet
5x5 ft vertical return shaft
structural steel grid system
columns
square steel tubing4x4 inch square tubing allows for beam members to be welded flush to the columns allowing for a smooth transition between column and beam. each column will be holding a load of no greater than 400 sq. ft. therefore member sizing is sufficient.
beams
steel i-beamsour beams range in dimension from 6” depth to 12” depth depending on span width, which varies from 10’-25.’the variation in members is sufficient to handle the load.
slab systems
floor 1
site cast foundation including gravel, sand, 8” foundation slab, vapor barrier, insulation, 2” topping slab, heating elements (imbedded in topping slab) sub and finished floor.
floor 2-5
6” precast concrete one-way slab resting
roof system steel roof decking resting on steam beam members, with slanted rigid insulation and self healing vapor barrier.
fire resistance strategy
all exterior walls, except the main curatin wall opening to the atrium which are fire rated window assemblies, extend in a continuous manner from the foundation to the roof parapet aboe the roof of the building. openings are limited in walls that face ajacent buidings. fire stair cores are protected by self-closing fire dorrs and two hour fire walls.
2 hour exterior walls2 hour structural frame2 hour ceiling/floor separation1 hour ceiling/floor assembly
jojugi
zoning
cb-2 comercial business-2
construction type
type i-bfire resistive non-comustablegroup r
2 hour exterior walls2 hour structural frame2 hour ceiling/floor separation1 hour ceiling/floor assembly
continuous 18” plumbing wall
slab extension for shading
6” one way slab
2 hour structure hidden within wall
6” steel i-beam short span
2 hour fire wall
gyp board drop ceiling
4x4 inch square steel tubing
lobby
12” deep steal i-beam long span
restaurant level two
restaurant level one
parking garage
jojugi
building type b
zoning type commercial
34,000 sq ft 34,000 sq ft
100 tons of cooling capacity 45,000 m/sec of c.a.v in c.f.m.22 sq ft main duct area42 sq ft branch duct area1200 sq ft fan room110 sq ft fresh air louvers80 sq ft exhaust air louvers
700 sq ft b.r. and c.w.p.120 sq ft cooling tower space
3
heating and cooling equipment sizing
vav | variable air volume
this system allows for a high degree of temperature control at moderate cost. it is economical to operate and virtually self-balancing. this will be the most efficient way to heat and cool our building consisting of office and restaurant space. it will allow for hotter zones such as the kitchen and computer/server rooms to be cooled appropriately, as well as maintain a steady comfortable temperature for the office spaces.
air handling sizing
80 sq ft exhaust air louver
110 sq ft fresh air louver
12 in vav box
fan
heating coil
-1 floor plan 3 floor plan
cooling coil
chilled water plant
boiler
water pump
2 ft diameter chimney
5x5 ft vertical return shaft
8 in piping to cooling tower
5x5 ft vertical supply shaft
jojugi
single duct system
the single duct system allows a smaller volume of conditioned air to be circulated through small high-velocity ducts from a central source. this system allows us to brige our ductwork from a central source located in the sout-east corner to the rest of the building. this also allows us to use the minimal vertical space for ductwork.
2 ft diameter chimney
120 sq ft cooling tower
return ductwork
supply ductwork
5x5 verticle supply shaft cross section
3x1 primary horizontal ductwork
2x1 secondary horizontal ductwork
1x1 terchiary horizontal ductwork
2 ft diameter chimney shaft
8 in diameter piping to and from cooling tower
jojugi
electrical system
meter, transformer, panel
vertical track
horizontal track
pad-mounted transformer
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plumbing system
water pump
boiler
2’ diameter boiler chimney
hot water supply
from water main to bathroom fixtures
waste shaft
verticle plumbing inside 18” plumbing wall
8” piping to and from cooling tower
men’s bathroom stalls-
women’s bathroom stalls
cooling tower
chilled water plan
cold water supply
jojugi
energy evaluation and envelope system
horizontal window mullion
window
return grilles
treated pre-cast concrete
return ductwork
5’ parapet wall hiding mechanical roof objects
ceiling supply diffusers
double glazed windows
interior pre-cast concrete finish
one way concrete floor slab
rigid insulation
steel i-beam
cable tray track
window frame
supply ductwork
window sill
interior pre-cast concrete finish
gypson board drop ceiling
verticle window mullion
Key Values
General Project DataLocation: LubbockPrimary Operation Profile: Personal office (75%)Evaluation Date: 11/26/12 10:58 PM
Building Geometry DataGross Floor Area: 47515.21 sq ftBuilding Shell Area: 60149.02 sq ftVentilated Volume: 547934.32 cu ftGlazing Ratio: 6 %
Building Shell Performance DataAir Leakage: 1.46 ACHOuter Heat Capacity: 29.84*10^-4 Btu/sq ft,F
Heat Transfer Coefficients U value [Btu/sq ft,F,hr]Building Shell Average: 1.77Floors: 0.89 - 2.66External: 0.50 - 2.66Underground: 0.35 - 0.35Openings: 0.52 - 0.57
Specific Annual DemandsNet Heating Energy: 19.37 kBtu/sq ftaNet Cooling Energy: 13.58 kBtu/sq ftaTotal Net Energy: 32.95 kBtu/sq fta
Energy Consumption: 98.95 kBtu/sq fta
Fuel Consumption: 80.68 kBtu/sq fta
Energy Consumption by Targets
Energy CO2Target Name Quantity Cost Primary Emission
MBtu/a USD/a MBtu/a lb/aHeating 892 10341 998 124558Cooling 1047 13168 641 29859Hot Water Generation 1946 22553 2176 271641Ventilation Fans 303 18655 909 42303Lighting & Appliances 326 20066 978 45502Total: 4515 84785 5704 513866
EnergySource Name Quantity
100%Environment31% 69%Natural Gas
25% 35% 37%Electricity[MBtu] 0 1000 2000 2811
4323
2077
Energy Quantities
[%]
26
24
22
16
12Energy Costs
[%]
53
249
8
6
CO2 Emission
[%]
Monthly Energy Balance
Supplied Energy per Month
Emitted Energy per Month
649.9
400
200
0Solar Gain
Internal Heat Gain
Mechanical Heating
Hot Water Generation
Lighting and Equipment
400
200
0 Transmission
Infiltration
Mechanical Ventilation
Hot Water
Mechanical Cooling
[MBtu]Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec