Post on 14-Dec-2015
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Integumentary System• Skin
– Integument or cutaneous membrane– Epidermis– Dermis– Subcutaneous layer
• Accessory structures– Hair– Nails – Glands
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Skin Lesions• Abrasion
– Scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area• Example: carpet burn
• Abscess– Localized collection of pus in any body part
that results from invasion of pus-forming bacteria• Example: pustule = small abscess
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Skin Lesions
• Bedsore– Ulcer in skin over a bony prominence– Also known as pressure ulcer
• Example: decubitus ulcer
• Blister – Small, thin-walled lesion containing clear fluid– Also known as a vesicle
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• Bulla– Large blister
• Carbuncle– Circumscribed inflammation of skin and
deeper tissues; contains pus• Comedo
– Typical lesion of acne vulgaris• Example: whitehead = closed comedo• Example: blackhead = open comedo
Skin Lesions
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Skin Lesions
• Cyst– Closed sac or pouch in or within the skin;
contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material• Example: hydrocele = fluid-filled cyst• Example: sebaceous cyst = solid-filled cyst
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Skin Lesions
• Fissure– Cracklike sore or groove in the skin or
mucous membrane• Example: anal fissure
• Fistula– Abnormal passageway between two tubular
organs; or from an organ to the body surface• Example: recto-vaginal fistula
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Skin Lesions
• Hives– Circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions on
skin; paler in center than surrounding edges– Also called wheals
• Example: mosquito bite
• Laceration– Tear in skin; torn, jagged wound
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Skin Lesions
• Macule– Small flat, discoloration of the skin; neither
raised nor depressed• Example: bruises, freckles
• Nodule– Small, circumscribed swelling protruding
above the skin
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Skin Lesions
• Papule– Small, solid, circumscribed elevation on the
skin– Example: pimple, wart, elevated mole
• Polyp– Small, stalklike growth, protruding upward or
outward from membrane surface– Example: nasal polyp
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• Pustule– Small elevation of skin filled with pus
• Example: small abscess on the skin
• Scales– Thin flakes of hardened epithelium that are
shed from the epidermis• Ulcer
– Circumscribed, open sore or lesion of skin, accompanied by inflammation• Example: decubitus ulcer
Skin Lesions
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Skin Lesions • Vesicle
– Small, thin-walled, lesion containing clear fluid• Example: blister
• Wheal– Circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the
skin – Paler in center than surrounding edges
• Example: hives
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Acne Vulgaris
• Pronounced– (ACK-nee-vul-GAY-ris)
• Defined– Common inflammatory disorder seen on face,
chest, back, and neck– Appears as papules, pustules, and comedos
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Albinism
• Pronounced– (AL-bin-izm)
• Defined– Condition characterized by absence of
pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
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Burns
• Defined– Tissue injury produced by flame, heat,
chemicals, radiation, electricity, or gases– Extent of damage determined by:
• Mode and duration of exposure• Thermal intensity or temperature• Anatomic site of the burn
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• First-degree or superficial burns– Example: sunburn
• Second-degree or partial-thickness burns– Example: flash contact with hot objects
• Third-degree or full-thickness burns– Example: deep burns from a fire
Burns
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Callus
• Pronounced– (CAL-us)
• Defined– Common, usually painless thickening of the
epidermis at sites of external pressure or friction, such as weight-bearing areas of the feet and on the palmar surface of the hands• Also known as a callosity
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Carcinoma, Basal Cell
• Pronounced– (car-sih-NOH-mah BAY-sal sell)
• Defined– Most common malignant tumor of epithelial
tissue, occurring most often on areas of skin that are exposed to the sun• Presents as a slightly elevated nodule with a
depression or ulceration in the center that becomes more obvious as the tumor grows
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• Pronounced– (car-sih-NOH-mah SKWAY-mus sell )
• Defined– Malignancy of the squamous, or scalelike,
cells of the epithelial tissue– Much faster growing than basal cell
carcinoma – Greater potential for metastasis if not treated
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
• Frequent sites on sun-exposed areas– Top of nose– Forehead– Margin of external ear– Back of hands– Lower lip
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Dermatitis
• Pronounced– (der-mah-TYE-tis)
• Defined– Inflammation of skin, seen in several different
forms– Acute or chronic– Contact or seborrheic
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Eczema
• Pronounced– (EK-zeh-mah)
• Defined– Acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition
characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabs, and itching
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Exanthematous Viral Diseases
• Pronounced– (eks-an-THEM-ah-tus viral diseases)
• Defined– Skin eruption or rash accompanied by
inflammation, having specific diagnostic features of an infectious viral disease
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Exanthematous Viral Diseases
• Examples:– Rubella = German Measles = 3 day measles– Roseola Infantum– Rubeola = Red Measles = 7-10 day measles– Erythema Infectiosum = Fifth disease
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Gangrene
• Pronounced– (GANG-green)
• Defined– Tissue death due to loss of adequate blood
supply, invasion of bacteria, subsequent decay with foul odor
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Herpes Zoster
• Pronounced– (HER-peez ZOS-ter)
• Defined– Acute viral infection, characterized by painful,
vesicular eruptions on the skin that follow along nerve pathways of underlying spinal or cranial nerves
– Highest incidence in adults over 50
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Herpes Zoster
Image courtesy of Robert A. Silverman,M.D., Pediatric Dermatology,Georgetown University