Post on 12-Mar-2021
transcript
International Journal of Computer Architecture and Mobility
(ISSN 2319-9229) Volume 2-Issue 9, July 2014
Available Online at: www.ijcam.com
2D Modelling Induction Machine
Dahmane HACHI 1
, Badreddine NAAS 1, 2
, Bachir NAAS 1, 2
, AIDA Kamel, CHAHARA Belkacem
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Djelfa, 17000 DZ, Algeria 1
Applied Automation and Industrial Diagnostic Laboratory (LAADI), Algeria 2 hachi_dahmane@yahoo.fr, naasbachir221@gmail.com, Badreddine.naas@gmail.com,
Abstract— In this study of the induction machine is
simulated using a 2D Finite elements methods by
FEMM. Its main goal is to find the best geometrical
structure. The simulations have been performed
using the magnetic vector potential A formulation
and have been limited to a magnetodynamic case.
The influence of the geometrical parameters and
there magnetic properties are taken account in order
to optimise the conception of the induction machine.
Keywords— induction machine IM, Finite element method
FEM, Magnetodynamic Finite Element Formulation.
I. INTRODUCTION
The asynchronous motor is currently the electric
motor whose use is most prevalent in the industry.
Its main advantage lies in the absence of sliding
electrical contacts, which leads to a simple, robust
and easy to build structure. The power range from a
few W to several MW. Directly connected to
industrial network with constant voltage and
frequency it runs at a slightly different speed
synchronous speed. This is the engine that is used
for producing virtually all the drives at a constant
speed. Thanks to the power electronics and control,
asynchronous motor also allows the realization of
variable speed drives. It takes place in the latter
area is growing.
Have an engine with minimum torque ripple,
economic and compact as possible, these are the
objectives that a manufacturer sets. But more often,
the manufacturer is forced to make a choice that
depends on the specifications imposed on it. Indeed,
the construction of a power machine is a function of
the intended application. The machine can operate
either below or above its power [2]. In the first case,
there will be oversized and it will be costly. In the
second case, we will under-sizing, which will result
in overheating of the coils etc..
This shows the construction of a specific
preliminary analytical calculation electrical
machines of any electrical machine presents certain
difficulties.
The terms of reference alone is not enough for the
manufacturer's sizing machine. In general, it is
necessary to be limited, in the preliminary
calculation to estimate a parameter based on the
data of a machine of the same type already built.
After the calculation of the main dimensions, one
calculates the various constraints (electrical,
magnetic, ...) in different parts of the machine. The
results must be located within the permissible limits
established by the experience of other existing
machines.
II. MODELLING INDUCTION MOTOR IN 2 D
Generally, an electromagnetic device comprises
several materials, some of which have nonlinear
characteristics. Furthermore, the electromagnetic
phenomena vary significantly within the structure.
Therefore, a complete analysis of the structure in
three dimensions (3D) is wasteful and costly in
terms of computation time. The use of 2D models is
particularly simple and effective choice is realistic.
In this case, the density of the magnetic excitation
potential and the current vector is perpendicular to
the cross section of the engine, which represents the
study plan and wherein the magnetic flux flows.
Furthermore, the vector potential has only one
component along (OZ) which is independent of the
third dimension (z) and the condition of the
Coulomb gauge is naturally satisfied in this case.
International Journal of Computer Architecture and Mobility
(ISSN 2319-9229) Volume 2-Issue 9, July 2014
Available Online at: www.ijcam.com
( , )c ZJ J k et A A x y Ak
(1)
Other parts the contribution of the term (grad V) in
the induced currents, in this case can be neglected
because of the symmetry of the distribution of
currents in the induction apparatus in general.
Under these conditions, the vector equation
2 1 12( ) 0B B n projected onto the coordinate
axes gives rise to the following analytical
formulation:
1 1s
A A AJ
x x y y t
(2)
Harmonic regime: jt
So the equation
c s
AJ J grad V
t
is written:
1( ) srot rot A J A J
(3)
Equation (2) is the magnetodynamic equation in
transient magnetic vector potential term with source
term.
Depending on the areas treated, the distribution of
magnetic vector potential can be determined by the
following system of equation:
- In the air gap
1( ) 0rot rot A
(4)
- In the stator
1( ) srot rot A J
(5)
- In the rotor
1( ) 0
Arot rot A
t
(6)
Complex notation allows to pass from a spatio-
temporal problem to a problem of magneto complex
where time and space are decoupled. The
calculation of the potential in the steady state vector
is then effected by solving, in a given time, the
following equation:
1( ) 0s
eff
div grad A j g A J
(7)
III. MESH MACHINE
The generated mesh in the case of the machine
designed by the FEMM environment is shown in
Figure (1), it can be oriented by adjusting
parameters ways to obtain the desired fineness in
the thin regions such that the air gap.
Fig. 1 Mesh of finite elements ¼ induction motor
IV. THE FIELD LINES
It is often useful to start the analysis by the display
of the field lines. Examination of field maps is a
good way to check if the results are reasonable. One
can see how the distribution of the flux varies with
time by changing the phase of the sources. Fig. 2
shows the distribution of the field lines in the
magnetic circuit. Although we note the presence of
the poles. The distribution lines are nearly
symmetrical relative to the axes of the poles. The
field flux penetrates into the magnetic circuit of the
armature (rotor) and left regularly.
International Journal of Computer Architecture and Mobility
(ISSN 2319-9229) Volume 2-Issue 9, July 2014
Available Online at: www.ijcam.com
Fig.2 the field lines of the induction machine 5.5 KW
In Fig. 3 we represent the distribution of the
induction in the motor, it also substantially
symmetrical. It shows saturated motor areas.
Fig. 3 Distribution of the induction in asynchronous machine 5.5 KW
V. ELECTROMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTIC
In subtitle is going to represent the mechanical and
electrical characteristics of both the machine
- Magnetic induction
- Couple depending on frequency
A. Electromagnetic Torque
Fig.4 expressed the torque variation as a function of
frequency machine while giving case of frequency
variation
Fig. 4 Torque variations depending on frequency machine 5.5 KW
B. normal and tangential components of the induction and
field:
There is shown the form of the induction field and
the terminal of the gap of machine. We can observe
that the diagram induction and real and imaginary
field has a quasi-sinusoidal, but the sum of the
diagram give us a new diagram is not sinusoidal.
Fig. 5 the form of the induction in asynchronous machine 5.5 KW
International Journal of Computer Architecture and Mobility
(ISSN 2319-9229) Volume 2-Issue 9, July 2014
Available Online at: www.ijcam.com
Fig. 6 the form of the magnetic field in asynchronous machine 5.5 KW
VI. INFLUENCE OF FREQUENCY
To study the influence of the frequency of the
electromagnetic force, we took machine as an
example Fig. 7 figure showing the form of the
deformation field line increasing frequency
.
(a) (b)
(c)
Fig. 7 (a, b, c) The Field lines for f = 5, 10 Hz and 20 respectively for the
machine 5.5 KW
VII. TEST OF OPEN CIRCUIT (NO LOAD)
The simulations are performed at zero frequency,
assuming that work in the framework of the rotor.
This corresponds to a sliding of the rotor equal to
zero.
We took the machine to see the distribution of the
induction field.
International Journal of Computer Architecture and Mobility
(ISSN 2319-9229) Volume 2-Issue 9, July 2014
Available Online at: www.ijcam.com
Fig. 8 The Distribution of induction form in induction machine 5.5 KW for
f = 0 Hz
Fig. 9 The form of the induction in ASYNCHROUNS machine of 5.5 KW for
f = 0 Hz
FIG. 10 THE FORM OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD IN ASYNCHRONOUS
MACHINE 5.5 KW FOR F = 0 HZ
VIII. TEST OF BLOCKED ROTOR
These test are performed assuming a blocked rotor and
imposing a fixed current in the stator slots. Simulation is
performed with the rotor frequency 50 Hz .We took the
machine to see the distribution of the induction field.
Fig. 11 Distribution of magnetic induction in induction machine 5.5 KW for
f = 50 Hz
International Journal of Computer Architecture and Mobility
(ISSN 2319-9229) Volume 2-Issue 9, July 2014
Available Online at: www.ijcam.com
Fig. 12 The form of the induction in ASYNCHROUNS machine of 5.5 KW for f = 50 Hz
FIG. 13 THE FORM OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD IN ASYNCHRONOUS MACHINE 5.5 KW FOR F =50 HZ
IX. CONCLUSIONS
Exploiting FEMM requires us how torque is
calculated. The finite element complex magneto
dynamic is an instant calculation for rotor position,
but the value provided by the software is
approximate; Indeed, it would make several
simulations for different positions and average,
which proves to be a tedious process by the number
of resolution to make.
REFERENCES
[1] R.Kechroud, « contribution à la modélisation
des machines électriques par la méthode des
éléments finis associée aux multiplicateurs de
Lagrange”, Thèse de doctorat d’état, ENP,
Avril 2002.
[2] M. Liwschitz, L. Maret « Calcul des machines
électriques ».Tome 1et 2 edition Bordas 1967.
[3] Kostenko « Machines électriques », Tome 2,
Edition Mir, 1978.
International Journal of Computer Architecture and Mobility
(ISSN 2319-9229) Volume 2-Issue 9, July 2014
Available Online at: www.ijcam.com
[4] A. Curchod et L. Vellard «Mémento
d’éléctrotechnique », Edition Dunod, 1950 .
[5] BOUCHARD, R.P, OLIVIER, G, “Conception
de moteurs asynchrones triphasés”, édition de
l’école polytechnique de Montréal, 1997
[6] S. R. H. HOOLE, « Rotor motion in the
dynamic finite element analysis of rotating
electrical machinery”, IEEE Transactions on
Magnetics, Vol.21, No. 6, Novembre 1985, pp.
2292-2295.
[7] T. W. PRESTON, A. B. J. REECE, P.S.
SANGHA, « Induction motor analysis by time
stepping techniques”, IEEE Transactions on
Magnetics, Vol.24, No. 1, Jannuary 1988, pp.
471-473.
[8] D. RODGER, H. C. LAI, P. J. LEONARD, «
Coupled elements for problems involving
movement”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,
Vol.26, No. 2, March 1990, pp. 548-550.
[9] A. A. ABDELRAZEK, J. L. COULOMB, M.
FÉLIACHI, J. C. SABONNADIÈRE,
«Conception of an air-gap element for the
dynamic analysis of the electromagnetic field
in electric machines », IEEE Transactions on
Magnetics, Vol.18, No. 2, March 1982, pp.
655-
659.
[10] E. VASSENT, G. MEUNIER, J. C.
SABONNADIÈRE, « Simulation of induction
machine operation using complex
magnetodynamic finite elements », IEEE
Transactions on Magnetics, Vol.25, No. 4, July
1989, pp. 3064-3066.