Post on 24-Jan-2016
transcript
Introduction
Chapter 1Dental Materials
DAE/DHE 203
Enthusiasm for the Subject!!
Student BEFORE Dental Materials class…
“What other topic could be so much to look forward to??”
Physical Reactions…
Be careful…. this could happen to you!!
“I love Mental Materials!”
Student AFTER Dental Materials Class!!
Introduction
The Science of Dental Materials Its importance to our studies
History of Dental Materials Characteristics of Ideal Dental
Materials Quality Assurance Programs Identification of Restorations
The Science of Dental Materials:
Development & evaluation of materials Characteristics of the material Safety and Health Effectiveness and Duration
Dynamic field in dentistry
The Science of Dental Materials:
“Why are we studying this field?”
History of Dental Materials: Dating as early as 500 B.C. - present
Metals – gold Plaster and wax models Prosthetics of bone, ivory, wax, metals Porcelains – late 1700’s Amalgam – early 1800’s Acrylics – 1940’s Adhesive dentistry – 1970’s - present
The Oral Environment:
“What characteristics of the oral environment potentially challenge and place demands upon dental materials?”
Characteristics of Ideal Materials: Biocompatible –
Non-toxic, non-irritating, non-allergenic Mechanically stable & durable –
Strong, resistant to fracture Resistant to Corrosion –
Does not deteriorate over time Dimensionally Stable –
Little change by temperature & solvents
Characteristics of Ideal Materials:
Minimal conduction – Insulates against thermal/electrical
change Esthetic –
Looks like oral tissue Easy to manipulate –
Minimal/reasonable effort & time needed Adheres to tissues –
Retains onto, and seals, tooth structure
Characteristics of Ideal Materials:
Tasteless and Odorless – Not unpleasant to patient
Cleanable/Repairable – Easily maintained or fixed
Cost-effective – Affordability vs.
benefits/disadvantages
Quality Assurance:
Food & Drug Administration (FDA) Ensures safety & efficacy of material/”device”
American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Scientific Affairs establishes standards
and specifications ADA “seal of acceptance”
Clinical studies when there are no standards
International Standards Organization (ISO)
Identification of Restorations:
“Dental Restoration” – Restores function & appearance of
oral structure lost by pathology, injury, or is congenitally missingExamples: Pathology – caries: filling Injury – broken tooth: crown Congenitally Missing: prosthetic (i.e.
bridge)
Identification of Restorations:
Direct Restoration – A restoration that is created and
placed directly into the prep site of the tooth(i.e. amalgam filling, composite filling)
Indirect Restoration – A restoration that is created outside of
the mouth on a model of the prepped tooth and later fixed into the mouth(i.e. gold crown, denture)
Direct Fillings:
Usually made of amalgam (“silver” metal) or composite (acrylic) materials
For caries of various degrees; anterior or posterior teeth
Posterior amalgam fillings
Direct Fillings:
Posterior Composite Filling
Anterior Composite Filling
Crown: Indirect restoration
to replace missing crown of tooth, or protect remaining crown of tooth
Caries, fractures, teeth with RCT, esthetics
Made of porcelain, metals, or both
Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Crown
Bridge:
An indirect restoration; to replace one or more missing teeth
“fixed” – not removable; cemented to existing teeth
Made of porcelain, metals, or both Abutment – the existing
tooth/teeth supporting the bridge Pontic – the replacement tooth
Bridge:
Missing tooth –
area to be restored
Abutments
Pontic
Bridge:
Anterior bridge on model
Anterior bridge before cementation
How many abutment teeth
does the patient have?
Bridge:
Before treatment
After bridge cementation
FYI: Ancient Egyptian Bridge
Gold wire used to hold pontic crowns.
Indirect Restorations: Inlay –
A fabricated restoration made of metal or porcelain that replaces missing tooth structure; does NOT include the restoration of any cusps
Onlay – A fabricated restoration (as above)
that DOES include the restoration of at least one cusp
Inlays vs. Onlays:
Porcelain Inlays
Gold Onlay
Veneers:
All-porcelain or acrylic facing for tooth
Primarily used for esthetic reasons
Can alter shape & color of existing tooth
Denture: The removable dental prosthetic
used to replace all of the teeth in an arch; patient is edentulous. Made of acrylic (teeth may be porcelain)
“Partial Denture” – replaces some teeth in the arch; patient is partially edentulous. Made of acrylic usually with metal
substructure and clasps
Denture:
Full Upper and Lower Denture
Denture:
Removable Partial Denture
metal clasp for retention
Endodontic Restorations:
“Endodontic” – “inside” the tooth; root canal treatment (RCT) Gutta percha – used to fill the canal Post and Core –
The post is a metal piece that is screwed into and cemented into the root canal
The core is built-up around the post to create more available tooth structure
Endodontic Restorations:
Gutta Percha
Post
(Silver Points used to be used in the canal as a filler.)
(The core is built upon this post.)
Endodontic Restorations:
amalgam
postsGutta percha
Build-up unrestored pulp
Pediatric Restorations:
Stainless Steel Crown (SSC):
Prefabricated Cemented
Pediatric Restorations:Space Maintainer: Holds space where
primary tooth was prematurely lost
Stainless steel band/crown with loop
Fabricated outside of the mouth; cemented