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Fathur AB

Anin A

Afif A

Hari A

Gary A

Dhika AB

April AB

Mulya AB

Rizka B

Dion AB

Siska AB

Mirel AB

Hani AB

Airita AB

Yusuf AB

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Public Switch Telephone Network Backbone – Routing – Numbering

Course Number : TTH2A3

CLO : 1

Week : 3

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(preview) Topologies

LE

LE

LE

LE

LE

SubscriberSubscriber Subscriber

Subscriber

Subscriber

Subscriber

SubscriberSubscriber

Subscriber

Subscriber

a. Mesh Network

LE

LE

LE

LE

LE

TE

Subscriber

Subscriber

Subscriber

SubscriberSubscriber

Subscriber

Subscriber

Subscriber

SubscriberSubscriber

b. Star Network

LE

LE

LE

LE

LE

TE

Subscriber

Subscriber Subscriber

Subscriber

Subscriber

SubscriberSubscriber

Subscriber

Subscriber

Subscriber

c. Composite Network

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Topology: Case Study USA

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Topology: Case Study Indonesia

Telkom Bell

International Gateway Class 1

Subscriber

End office Class 5

Primary Center (trunk/tandem) Class 4

Secondary Center (trunk) Class 3

Tertiary Center Class 2

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Topology: Case Study Indonesia

Ring F

Ring A

MDN

Ring B

Ring C

Ring E

Ring D

Den

JemMal

SB2Mad

SB1

CRB

JKT3

JKT2

SMR

SOL

BDGJKT4

MKS

AmbMen

BJM

BPPPTK

BDL

PG

PTK

BA

PKB

BTM

PD

SGI

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Switching

The ITU-T defines switching as:

• "the establishing, on demand, of an individual connection from a desired inlet to a desired outlet within a set of inlets and outlets for as long as is required for the transfer of information".

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Manual Exchange

• Call establishment through operator

• Not enough privacy

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Strowger Exchange

• The first automatic (mechanical) exchange

• Founded by Almon Brown Strowger (1839 – 1902)

• Usually called as Step-by-step exchange

• No need of operator

• One selector = one digit of phone number

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Strowger Exchange

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Crossbar Switch

• Electro-mechanical switch by using relay contact

• Instead of using direct progressive control, in common control all numbers are stored in register. This numbers are used to establish a call by activating several relay. This activation is done by marker

• Marker will become SPC (Stored Program Control)

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Crossbar Switch

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Call Setup

Seizure(off-hook)

Ringing

tone

Ringing

current

Backward clear (on-hook)

Dial tone

Address digit(B-number)

Answer(off-hook)

Forward clear

(on-hook)

- Identification of calling subscriber

- Allocation of storage

address digits and

- Connection of common

equipment

- Disconnection of

dialtone

- Digit analysis and

search of B sub

- Switch path set

- Disconnection of

equipment

EXCHANGE

C O N V E R S A T I O N

Supervision

111012

BA

12

3

4

6

7a 7b

8

5

9

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Dialing (DTMF = Dual Tone Multi Frequency)

Dialler Ringer

Cradle switch unit

RecMic

EXCHANGE

4 witre

to

2 wire

hybrid

Tekan tombol

(angka 3)

On-hook

Frekuensi (f)100 100

Vab

Off-hook

697 1477

1 2 3 A

4 5 6 B

7 8 9 C

* 0 # D

697 Hz

770 Hz

852 Hz

941 Hz

12

09

Hz

14

77

Hz

13

36

Hz

16

33

Hz

Key pad

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Numbering

A=6

A=7

A=2 A=3

A=5 A=4

A=9

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Numbering Pattern

ITU-T : E.164

Country Code

(CC)Nat. Dest. Code

(NDC)

Subscriber Number

(SN)

National Significant Number1-3 digit

International Number

(max: 15 digit)

NDC

Geographical

Not Geographical

area code

network access

code / service

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Special Number

• Emergency 3 digit code, such as 110, 111, 113, and 118

• Special service, such as 108 and 109

• International Gateway, such as 001 and 007

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See you on next class