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IPC/FIS Alpine Skiing
Structure and Rules
June 2006
IPC Sports Assembly Executive Committee
(SAEC) Alpine and Nordic Skiing
To accomplish the tasks and responsibilities for
the management of Alpine and Nordic
Skiing for skiers with a disability as per the IPC
Handbook.
To delegate practical tasks of the organisation
of competitions to the Competition Working
Groups for Alpine and Nordic Skiing.
To appoint officials to competitions (IPC TD).
To draft agreements with competition
organisers.
To develop the sport.
IPC Competition Working Groups
Alpine and Nordic Skiing To prepare rules for Disabled Skiing, adapted
from the FIS ICR 300 Articles (Cross-Country) and
600 (Alpine Skiing) with additional rules for
athletes with a disability.
To prepare specific rules for any Series (World
Cup, etc.).
To operate points/ranking systems for all skiing
competitions for the Disabled.
To establish calendar of events.
To create pathways to develop the sport.
FIS Sub-Committee for Skiers with a Disability (liaison
group) The FIS Sub-Committee is a group of members
proposed by their National Ski Association that are also
members of the respective IPC Alpine Skiing and IPC
Nordic Skiing Committees and comprising a
chairperson, two (2) members each for Alpine and
Nordic Skiing and other FIS disciplines co-opted as its
development progresses.
The FIS Sub-committee was officially established under
the structure mentioned above in May 2004.
The FIS Sub-Committee’s role
To serve as a liaison between IPC and FIS in order for the
members to attend meetings of the FIS Technical
Committees and follow developments within FIS in areas
such as rules, equipment,Technical Delegate (TD) education,
etc. and will report back to the respective IPC Committee
and their Competition Working Groups.
To liaise with FIS TD Sub-Committees for the assignment of
FIS TD at Disabled competitions and to collaborate in an
exchange programme offering FIS TD the opportunity to
participate in IPC activities.
To maintain contact with the FIS Office (Headquarters) for
obtaining existing FIS technical documentation, such as
checklists and FIS rules.
Disabled Classes & Categories
Categories Classes
Blind Skiers B1-B3
Sitting Skiers LW10-LW12
Standing Skiers LW1-LW9
Please see the handout for an explanation of the Classes
To be used in combination with the FIS Alpine ICR as approved during FIS - Congress Vilamoura (POR) 2006.Valid until 1 October 2007
IPC Alpine Skiing Rule Book
Section 1. Regulations
200 Rules :
Joint Regulations for all Competitions
This rules go in accordance with the IPC Handbook, therefore any change has to be approved by the IPC.
ASD License
203.1. Every athlete has to pay the ASD license fee of EUR
50.00 per season by 1 October. For the Southern
Hemisphere the deadline is 1 July. When paying after
these deadlines, the fee is EUR 100.00. After paying the
ASD license fee, the athlete will be included in the ASD
Points List for the Disabled. The race season starts on 1
May and ends on 30 April the following year. Each
athlete in a B sport class is required to pay the ASD
license fee of EUR 100.00 per season by 1 October. This
amount includes payment for the athlete’s Guide. For the
Southern Hemisphere the deadline is 1 July. When paying
after these deadlines, the fee is EUR 200.00.
Section 2.
600 Rules : Rules Common to Alpine
Events
These rules are subject to change.
613.3 Addendum: “...An athlete with a disability must put his
poles or stabilizers in front of the start line or where
indicated (except for sit-skier) and can quickly reach full
speed after leaving the start only with the help of poles
or stabilizers! The stabilizers or poles must be in a fixed
position on the snow before the start. Only one push
before the start gate is allowed for sit-skiers, no running
start is allowed.”
613.5 Addendum: “...his leg below the knee except for sit-skier
(start gate height for sit-skier is 80 cm).”
613.8 Specification of the Start Gate The start gate must be
adjustable from 40 cm height for standing athletes to 80
cm height for sit-skiers. The distance between the start
posts for sit-skiers must be 80 cm.
613 Start
613.9 Addendum ... Start adaptations for athletes with a
visual impairment: In the B-classes the guide cannot
pass through the starting gate. The start area includes
an adequate space for the guide, always in relation to
the first gate of the course. The space should be equal
to the start position and with the same elevation as
the competitor. The start ramp shall be prepared in
such a way that the guide can stand relaxed on the
starting line and can quickly reach full speed after
leaving the start.
617.3.1 Addendum: ... been officially scored and calculated by the IPC factor-system factor (please refer to Section 3, Rule 1271).
617.3.2 Addendum: ... (PWG, WSCD by adding the race time)
617 Calculations and Announcement of Results
621.3.2 Starting order for athletes with a disability
- Starting order for categories for slalom is: Visually
impaired, Standing, Sitting.
- Starting order for categories for Giant slalom, Super-
G’s and Downhill is: Visually impaired, Sitting,
Standing.
- The medal events by category (Visually impaired,
Sitting, Standing) at the Paralympic Winter Games will
be held on alternating days follows: men and women
in the standing sport classes contested on one day and
sitting and visually impaired sport classes contested
on another. Depending on the course setting
requirements and in accordance with the timelines
established by the IPC, IPC Alpine Skiing will determine
the appropriate competition schedule for the events.
Additionally the FIS ICR rule 621.3 is used.
621 Group Draw and Starting Order
621.10 Starting Order for the Second Run.
621.10.5 80 % Rule.
If 120 or more athletes are on the start list in a given
category during the first run (Visually Impaired,
Standing and Sitting), then the 80% rule is used to
determine which athletes qualify for the second run in
the Slalom and Giant Slalom. The calculation used to
determine which athletes qualify for the second run is
the athletes in the top 80% according to their result in
the 1st run (rounded up) qualify for the second run. In
the case that by implementing the 80% rule, a
category has less than ten (10) athletes, all athletes in
the first run will qualify for the second run with the
starting order being reversed.
622.1 Regular Intervals The start can take place in each
discipline at variable intervals. The chiefs of timing
and calculation or special assistants tell the starter
when each competitor should start, in agreement
with the jury. The competitor on the course does
not need to cross the finish before the next
competitor starts. The exception is class B1 which
must nearly complete the entire course.
622. Start Intervals.
661.2 Addendum ...If an athlete or guide.
661.4.1 Addendum ...except athlete with one ski (LW 2, LW
10-12, LW 9/1 – Athlete with one leg, amputated
above the knee and stabilizers)
661.4.2 Addendum: ...except athlete with one ski (LW 2, LW
10-12, LW 9/1 – Athlete with one leg, amputated
above the knee and stabilizers)
660. Gate Judge Instructions.
Section 3.
Particular rules for the Different Disciplines
These rules are subject to change.
701.1 Addendum: ...For PWG, WSCD, World Cups for the
Disabled and Continental Cups for the Disabled Men
and Women: - 500 to 800 m vertical drop.
702.3 Addendum: ...Multiple jumps and multiple
compressions must be eliminated, where practical
(Sit- and Visually Impaired Skiers).
703.1.2 Addendum: ...Multiple jumps and multiple
compressions must be eliminated, where practical
(Sit- and Visually Impaired Skiers).
700. Downhill.
800.1.1 Men and Women: - 120 - 200m vertical drop - IPC Alpine Skiing recommends that slalom poles with a diameter of 27mm are used for slalom races for athletes with a disability.
800. Slalom.
1000. Super-G.
1000.1.3 Addendum:...Multiple jumps and multiple
compressions must be eliminated, where practical
(sit- and Visually Impaired skiers). Additionally, an
organiser should provide the best possible snow
conditions to ensure fair competition for all athletes.
The FIS ICR – 703.2 applies.
1270.4 For World Cup Speed and Combined Disciplines for the Disabled, the athlete must be below 100 ASD points from the Downhill ASD list or Super-G ASD lists.
For World Cup Technical Disciplines for the Disabled, the athlete must be below 100 ASD points as indicated on the Slalom ASD Points List to compete in a slalom event and below 100 ASD points on the Giant Slalom ASD Points List to compete in a Giant Slalom event.
Each athlete should be internationally classified before starting at a World Cup, PWG and WSCD. If the jury is uncertain of the athlete’s classification and the athlete has not been internationally classified the athlete must start in the higher class.
A hosting nation of a World Cup may apply three (3) months before the race to the IPC Alpine Skiing for a maximum of six (6) wildcards in technical events (Slalom and Giant Slalom). IPC Alpine Skiing has granted all countries in the Asian region a wild card quota of six (6) athletes in the technical events for the Asian World Cups during 2005-2006 only.
1270. Participation in IPC Competitions.
1270.5 For Paralympic Games and World Championships
Speed and Combined Disciplines for the Disabled, the
athlete must be below 120 ASD Points from the
Downhill ASD list or Super-G ASD list.
For Paralympic Games and World Championships
Technical Disciplines for the Disabled, the athlete
must be below 120 ASD points from the Slalom ASD
list or Giant Slalom ASD list.
1270.6 For Technical Events (PWG and WSCD) countries are
allowed two (2) wildcards per country.
Section 4.
Special Rules
These rules are subject to change.
1210.1.1 Addendum ...for Disabled Races a Super-G and one run Slalom .
1210. Combined Competitions.
1260. ASD Points.
1260.3 Use of the ASD Points
ASD Points will be calculated per category (the
average of the best two results per discipline)
from the last eight (8) race points,
maximum eighteen (18) months back and minimum 15
months back.
1260.4 The combined ASD points for the disabled
athletes will be calculated (the average of the
best two results of all disciplines) from the last
eight (8) race points per discipline, maximum
eighteen (18) months back and minimum 15
months back.
1270. Participation in IPC Competitions
1270.4 World Cup Speed and Combined Disciplines for the Disabled the athlete must be below 100 ASD points from the Downhill ASD list or Super-G ASD lists.
World Cup Technical Disciplines for the Disabled the athlete must be below 100 ASD points from the Slalom ASD list and Giant Slalom ASD list.
Each athlete should be internationally classified before starting at a World Cup, PWG and WSCD. If the jury is uncertain of the athlete’s classification and the athlete has not been internationally classified the athlete must start in the higher class.
A hosting nation of a World Cup may apply three months before the race to the Alpine Committee for a maximum of 6 wildcards in technical events (SL/GS)..
1312. Special Rules for Visually impaired Athletes
1312.1 In all B-classes the athlete and his/her guide are a team. Therefore, visually disabled athletes and their guides will be trained and entered by their NPC or recognized FIS National
Ski Association. 1312.2 For all B-classes the use of a guide is obligatory.
1312.3 Guidance must be by voice and/or radio communication. Voice amplification between guide and athlete is accepted. No other means of communication is allowed during alpine races.
1312.4 No physical contact between the guide and athlete is allowed during the race.
1312.5 All athletes in class B1 must wear blacked-out goggles during the competition. The model of the blacked-out goggles is optional, but they must be tested and passed by the jury.
1312.6 Athletes and their guides are permitted to sideslip or snow plough at low speed, through the gates, during the official inspection, if approved by the jury.
1312.7 In the case that a guide is sanctioned, the same provisions
governing athlete sanctions apply.
1313. Guides
1313.1 The guide must guide the athlete from in front for B2 and B3. For B1 the guide can guide from in front or behind, passing between the last gate and finish line is allowed.
1313.2 The distance between the guide and athlete in technical events (Slalom and Giant Slalom) must not exceed two direction changes and in speed events (Downhill and Super-G) must not exceed one direction change. Failure to satisfy this definition of the team will lead to disqualification.
1313.3 The guide must pass through all gates.
1313.4 All guides must wear competition bibs. The guide bibs must meet the following specifications: - be fluorescent orange - have a “G” in front and in the back of the bib according to the size prescribed by the IPC Alpine Skiing.
The front of the guide bib must not be covered during competition; however the back may be a different colour to accommodate the needs of the visually impaired athlete.
A set of guide bibs can be provided by the IPC Alpine Skiing Committee to organizers if requested no later than one month before the competition. If guide bibs are lost or damaged a fee of 100.00 Euros will be charged to organizers by the IPC Alpine Skiing.
1313.5 In the event of a guide’s injury or illness, the athlete is permitted to change his/her guide. Such changes must be approved by the jury.
1351 MICROPHONES
Public address systems, snow machines or other noise must be kept to a minimum at the start, finish and on the entire race course so all athletes with a visual impairment can hear their guide.
1581. Rules for Alpine Competition Equipment
valid for Season 2006/07
Senior & Junior
DisciplineMinimum Radius
Minimum Length
DH Men 33 m 205 cm
DH Ladies 33 m 200 cm
SG Men 33 m 205 cm
SG Ladies 33 m 200 cm
GS Men 21 m 185 cm
GS Ladies 21 m 180 cm
SL Men - 165 cm
SG Ladies - 155 cm
Tolerances: Measurement of ski lengths – 1 cm Ski lengths for diabled athletes – 5 cm
HANDICAP SYSTEM ALPINE SKIING
&FACTOR RESTORATION 2006/2007
Over the past years the sport of alpine skiing for
the disabled has developed rapidly. Reasons
included an increased number of people
possessing a variety disabilities practicing skiing
leading to an increasing number of classes.
The variety of classes and increased number of
participants made competitions in Skiing almost
impossible to manage (determining correct
classes, occurrence of many small classes with
too few competitors etc.), thus it became more
and more difficult to find organizers to run
skiing events for disabled athletes.
It was felt necessary to create a fair system in
which different disability classes could be
combined leading to only one combined result
list.
Various handicap systems were created all over
the world.All of them attempting to reach the
same goal: To offer the fairest competition in
alpine skiing for the disabled.
One group which shared this interest was the
Alpine Cup Committee which was founded in
1990. Within this group the idea was developed
to create a system for all disability classes within
the categories amputees, blind and wheelchair
users, the so called RHC-System (realistic-
handicap-competition-system).
Later Niko Moll from Germany announced that
he had already invented this system which he
called :
KREK-System
(Kreative Renn Ergebnis Kontrolle = creative
race result control).
After extensive discussions and to avoid further
confrontation the Committee decided to
combine the RHC-System and the KREK-System.
In 2004 a Working Group was created to help
develop the System.
2006 PWG where run using the Category
System.
In disabled skiing 16 disability classes per gender
exist. The handicap system has been developed to
ensure that these classes are as justly as possible
combined in a 3 category system.
Key words:
class = disabled class
category = different classes combined per category:
blind skiers: B1-B3 (3 classes)
sitting skiers: LW10-LW12 (4 classes)
standing skiers: LW 1-LW9 (9 classes)
handicap system= RHC-KREK-System
Disabled Classes & Categories
Categories Classes
Blind Skiers B1-B3
Sitting Skiers LW10-LW12
Standing Skiers LW1-LW9
Please see the handout for an explanation of the Classes
The factor is calculated as follows:
The fastest time in the fastest class is divided by the fastest
time of the class to be evaluated. The average of the factors
of all international competition results over the period 1976-
1991 was used as the basis factor.
Adjustment/Restoration: Every year during the spring
FIS meeting, the factor is adjusted based on the racing
results of World Cups/World Championships/Paralympic
Games and published on the homepage
(www.asdracing.org). The IPC-Committee Alpine Skiing
reserves the right to make corrections/ adjustments during
the running season, in case of extraordinary circumstances.
The adjustment does not create a situation that a former
first ranked is ranked lower but allows a narrowing of
distances between ranked athletes (per adjustment app.
15% time difference) thus gradually leading to the best
factor.
Scoring time: In general each racing time of an athlete
is multiplied with the handicap factor of his respective
class. This results in a handicap time or scoring time for
each athlete within a category. In races with two heats/
runs the scoring times of both races are added.
For each disabled class and each discipline (DH, SG, GS,
SL), there is a so called basis factor; under which is
understood a weighting factor by which the race time is
multiplied, to arrive at the actual finish time to be
counted in the results. The highest possible basis factor is
1.0 and is attributed to the fastest class. The basis factors
have been determined through the results over the last
15 years with a rising value tendency towards the most
recent season.
The weighting factors are dynamic,
they are annually revised
2006-2007 No restoration.
the Paralympic Games will be used for the restoration
Hand Correction of the factors: Slalom B1 + 0,04 LW 9-1 + 0,04
Giant Slalom B1 + 0,02 LW 9-1 + 0,04
Super G B1 + 0,05 LW 9-1 + 0,02
Downhill B1 + 0,02 LW 9-1 + 0,01
www.paralympic.org
www.asdracing.org
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