Post on 07-Jul-2018
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8/19/2019 Irrigation Training Centrifugal and Submersible Pumps
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CENTRIFUGAL AND
SUBMERSIBLE PUMPSDon Davis, CIC
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Pump Applications
Centrifugal Pumps• Booster applications
• Open water applications (25’ maximum suction lift)
• !allow well applications
• "pplications w!ere electrical lines can’t #e
installe$ in open water
Submersible Pumps• Deep well applications
•
Open water applications with suction lifts above25’
• Open water applications with excessive elevation
requiring higher output pressure
• Applications where a visible pump is unesirable
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Centrifual Pump !peration
%ow $oes a pump&'pump
"n airtig!t intae creates a vacuum $uringimpeller rotation'
*+' psi of atmosp!eric pressure exists at sealevel' -!is is t!e pressure pus!ing water intot!e impeller' ("tmosp!eric pressure $ecreases * psi for eac!
2... feet increase in elevation) -!e spinning impeller creates inertia,
increasing pressure an$ $isc!arging t!e water'
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"#at$s Insi%e&
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Internal Components
/lectrical motor 0oltage, p!ase varies #1 application
Impeller
Plastic, cast iron, #rass material options otating impeller pus!es water against pump
casing or volute an$ increases pressure'
"$$ more impellers to increase pressure an$
create a multi3stage pump (t!at is !ow a 4!orsepower pump in a *... foot $eep wellcan suppl1 water)
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Pump Terminolo'
%orsepower Power reuire$ to lift 66,... poun$s or 65.
gallons of water * foot in one minute
7eet of %ea$
" *’ !ig! column of water contains t!epotential energ1 of *’ of !ea$
-!e *’ !ig! column of water will !ave apressure of .'+66 PI at t!e #ase
7eet of !ea$ $ivi$e$ #1 .'+66 8 PI
PI x 2'6* 8 feet of !ea$
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E(ample
!hat is the pressure require to pump water
to the top of a 25’ column"
25’
25’ # 2$%& ' &($) PS*
(r
25’ x $+%% ' &($) PS*
,ow much pressure o we have at the top
of the column"
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Ma(imum Suction Lift
%ow $oes t!is a9ect pump applications Convert *+' PI at sea level to feet of !ea$:
*+' PI x 2'6* 8 66'; feet of !ea$
Insu
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Pump Cur)e Data
Curve provi$es performance $ata for aspeci>c pump Curve notes ?P@ t!e pump provi$es at a
speci>c feet of !ea$
election of pump s!oul$ #e "BO0/ 1ourspeci>c $esign point on t!e curve
election of a pump in t!e center of t!e curveis i$eal
1stem $esign criteria is critical for pump
selection
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Pump Cur)e * Centrifual
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Pump Cur)e * Su+mersi+le
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Calculatin Feet of ,ea%
Vertical elevations: measure feet
Horizontal distances: measure friction loss
PSI, convert to feet
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7riction Aoss -a#les
-riction loss tables
provie the PS* lossper &(( feet of pipe
at a given flow$
.arger iameter piperesults in lower PS*
loss at the same
flow$
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Calculatin Feet of ,ea%
"ssume s1stem reuirements are *2 ?P@ at 5. PI:
uction lift (assume su#mersi#le for t!is example) .’ /levation c!ange from pump to !ig!est point on site *’
@ainline friction loss (5..’ of * C% +., *2 ?P@) 6'’ 6'6 PI lossE*.. feet F 5.. feet mainline 8 *' PI
*' PI F 2'6* 8 6'’ Desire$ operating pressure of 5. PI converte$ to feet:
**5'5’
5. PI F 2'6* 8 **5'5’
-otal 7ee$ of %ea$ **'6’ Gill nee$ to use t!e * !p su#mersi#le from t!e pump curve
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Pump Selection
e$ucing feet of !ea$ reuirements ma1 allow selectionof smaller pump' -ae t!e previous example:
uction lift (assume su#mersi#le for t!is example).’
/levation c!ange from pump to !ig!est point on site *’ @ainline friction loss (5..’ of * H C% +., *2 ?P@)
*.'2’
.'; PI lossE*.. feet F 5.. feet mainline 8 +'+5 PI
+'+5 PI F 2'6* 8 *.'2’ Desire$ operating pressure of +5 PI converte$ to feet:
*.6';’
+5 PI F 2'6* 8 **5'5’
=ew total feet of !ea$: *6*'*’ Can use t!e 4 !p su#mersi#le from t!e pump curve
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Proper Plum+in * Suction
@ost pumps fail $ue to improperplum#ing on t!e suction si$e' @inimie >ttings an$ #en$s ie t!e suction line *32 pipe sies larger t!an
t!e inlet t!rea$ sie' @ae it as s!ort as possi#le' Jse a straig!t, level lengt! of pipe into t!e
suction' (lengt! 8 53*. times t!e pipe
$iameter) 7oot valveEstrainer must #e in clean water'
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Proper Plum+in *Disc#are Disc!arge plum#ing tips:
Jse galvanie$ pipeE>ttings
Install an isolation valve to ai$ in priming
Pressure relief valveEpriming port s!oul$ $irectl1 a#ove
$isc!arge Install a union for maintenance purposes
"$$ >ltration to all non3pota#le water sources
Install a pressure gauge
Install a !ig! temperature sensor, low pressure sensor
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Avoi using P/0 for irect connections to
centrifugal pumps$ ,eat generate
uring operation or no1flow situations will
cause problems
Proper installation using
galvani3e fittings$
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Su+mersi+le PumpInstallation
Pump sle to incluean inlet strainer an
outlet well seal
*nstall union in
ischarge line near
shore for maintenance
purposes
*nclue safet4 line for
retrieval
*nstall chec valve in
suction line
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Su+mersi+le PumpInstallation Pump sle$ can #e constructe$ from P0C pipe
an$ >ttings' Jse galvanie$ (or stainless steel) >ttings
#etween t!e pump an$ $isc!arge pipe' Pump
start3up torue GIAA unscrew t!e pump fromP0C >ttingsK
Gell seal prevents torue spin ecure wiring to $isc!arge pipe' Aeave excess
wire at s!ore line for maintenance purposes' Install isolation valve upstream of pump for
trou#les!ooting purposes'
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Pump Sle% or Slee)e
" casing is man$ator1 for a su#mersi#le pumpK -!e water intae is locate$ a#ove t!e motor'Placing t!e pump in a casing forces all of t!eintae water to pass over t!e motor for cooling
purposes' " pump left in open water GIAA over!eat' Cistern or $oc applications: install pump insi$e
a sleeve'
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!n*Deman% Pump S'stems
Jse in situations w!ere a continuousl1pressurie$ mainline is not $esire$
Does not reuire pressure tan
installation Pump activates onl1 w!en irrigation
controller signals operation
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!n*Deman% Pump Controls
Pump tart ela1 2 wire pumps can use a stan$ar$ P
6 wire pumps reuire a control #ox wit! startcapacitor
efer to manufacturer’s ca#le siing c!arts to$etermine wire gauge reuirements
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Pressuri-e% Pump S'stems
Jse in situations w!ere a P is notfeasi#le @ultiple controllers using same pump
Luic couplers or !1$rants $esire$ on site Controller an$ pump are not in close
proximit1
pecial reuirements: !elter large enoug! to accommo$ate
pressure tan(s)
Drain to exterior for P0
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Pressuri-e% Pump Controls
Si3e blaer tan at minimum one gallon rawown for each
6P7 of pump capacit4$ 7ultiple tans can be installe in series
for higher 6P7 requirements$ Set tan pressure at 2 PS*
below pump cut1in pressure$
8an tee allows for pressure switch9 pressuregauge9 pressure relief valve9 rain valve9 an chec
valve installation in a compact location$
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.arie% GPM Re/uirements
C1cle top 0alve estricts pump output to matc! ?P@ $eman$'
"s $eman$ $ecreases, t!e C1cle top 0alveincreases #ac pressure on t!e motor'
Increase$ #ac pressure $ecreases t!e gallonreuirement' -!is $ecrease in gallonreuirement re$uces t!e loa$ on t!e motor,resulting in re$uce$ amperage $raw an$t!erefore power consumption'
Pressure $ownstream remains constant wit!int!e allowa#le Mow rates for t!e particular unit'
B1pro$uct of C1cle top 0alve operation is t!eelimination of water !ammer'
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.arie% GPM Re/uirements
0aria#le 7reuenc1 Drive @otor (07D) 0aries t!e freuenc1 an$ voltage supplie$ to
an electric motor' "s freuenc1 (or !ert)increases, motor P@ increases'
G!ile a stan$ar$ motor will operate at fullP@ regar$less of ?P@ $eman$, a 07D !aspotential for energ1 savings w!en operating ata lower freuenc1 $uring lower ?P@ $eman$'
6 p!ase motor reuire$
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Ca)itation
7ormation of air #u##les in a liui$ t!atoccurs w!en t!e pressure falls #elow t!evapor pressure'
-!e vapor will turn #ac to a liui$ an$Nexplo$e’, causing $amage to t!ecomponents'
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Pre)entin Ca)itation
Increase net positive suction !ea$ (=P%)availa#le #1: Increase t!e $iameter of suction line
@inimie >ttings in suction line e$uce Mow rate t!roug! pump
e$uce suction lift elevation
e$uce suction line $istance
Create arti>cial pressure on t!e $isc!arge #1installing smaller $iameter $isc!arge pipe ort!rottling valve
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Ca)itation Damae
Brass Impeller
T +l # ti All
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Trou+les#ootin 0 AllMotors @O-O -"- -OO O7-/=
C!ec setting on pressure switc!' eset limitor replace switc!'
Damage$ or $efective c!ec valve will not!ol$ pressure'
C!ec for waterlogge$ pressure tan' C!angeair c!arge or replace tan'
/xamine s1stem for leas an$ repair asnecessar1'
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@O-O J= CO=-I=JOJA C!ec pressure switc! for wel$e$ contacts
a$Qust settings as necessar1 Pump intae #loce$
C!ec valve stuc close$
Aow water level or loss of prime
Aea in $isc!arge
Gorn pump: s1mptoms similar to low waterlevel or $rop pipe lea re$uce pressure switc!setting an$ pump will s!ut o9 in$icates warnparts
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PJ@P D/AI0/ AI--A/ O =O G"-/
Aow line voltage to motor Incomplete priming of pump
"ir loc in suction line
Drop pipe !as $isconnecte$ from pump
Aow water level Clogge$ or $efective foot valve E strainer
Gorn pump parts or plugge$ impeller
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Circuit Brea1er2 Fuse2 !)erloa%Trips
C!ec for correct line voltage' Over!eate$ control or starter ma1 reuire
ventilation'
Defective control #ox' Defective motor or ca#le' Gorn pump or motor'
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Insulation Resistance Test
O!m rea$ing R 5..,... in$icatesinsulation $amage' Git! power o9 an$ motor lea$s $isconnecte$,
test resistance #etween an1 one of t!e motorlea$s an$ euipment groun$' " normal o!mvalue for all lea$s in$icates t!e motor is notgroun$e$ an$ t!e ca#le insulation is not$amage$' =ew motor (wit!out $rop ca#le): 2.,...,... S
o!ms
/xisting motor (wit!out $rop ca#le): *.,...,...S o!ms
=ew motor in well: 2,...,... S o!ms
T
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"in%in Resistance Test
efer to manufacturer’s c!arts for o!mvalues' 2 wire motors: measure resistance from line
to line 6 wire motors: measure resistance to B
(main win$ing) an$ to (start win$ing) If all o!m values are normal, motor is not
groun$e$ an$ ca#le insulation is not $amage$
If an1 one value is R normal, t!e motor iss!orte$
If an1 one value is U normal, t!e win$ing orca#le is open E #a$ splice
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Control Boxc!ematic
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Control Bo(*!#m Tests
Power O77 for o!m tests: Overloa$s s!oul$ o!m less t!an .'5
Capacitor s!oul$ o!m near *5,...
ela1 coil s!oul$ o!m +5..3... ela1 contact s!oul$ ero o!m
tart an$ run capacitors s!oul$ o!m near eroan$ t!en move towar$ in>nit1
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Control Bo(*AmperaeTests @otor un$er loa$ for amperage tests:
e$ lea$ current s!oul$ start !ig! an$ t!enfall to manufacturer’s c!art rea$ing' Blacan$ 1ellow lea$ current s!oul$ not excee$c!art rea$ing' ela1 or switc! failure: Constant !ig! re$ lea$
current an$ overloa$ tripping
Open run capacitor: lower t!an normal re$ lea$
amps, an$ !ig!er t!an normal 1ellow an$ #laclea$ amps
7aile$ start capacitor or open switc! E rela1: re$lea$ current is not momentaril1 !ig! at starting
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Re)ie3
Gater source t1pe @inimum an$ maximum Mow, ?P@ Desire$ pressure at sprinlers
0ertical elevationVwater line to pump 0ertical elevationVpump to !ig!est point @ainline (sie, t1pe, lengt!)
uction line (sie, t1pe, lengt!) Gell $ept!, 1iel$, water level, pump set
$ept! Gell pump %P, ?P@