Post on 10-Apr-2019
transcript
İSTANBUL’S WATER SUPPLYChallenges and Solutions-
Past, Present and the Future
Dr. A. Saatçı
SUEN
Turkish Water Institute
ISTANBUL –City of 13 Million
ISTANBUL’S PAST POPULATION
y = 3E-14x5.8186
R² = 0.8035
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
ISTANBUL’S FUTURE POPULATION50 Mill in 2050
y = 2E-204x63.851
R² = 1
-
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Two Bridges Connecting Europe to Asia
Past
WATER BUDGET
Precipitation Received by Reservoirs
Treated Water Pumped to the City
Water Consumed in the European andAsian Sides
Water in 10 Surface Reservoirs (2012)
WATER PRICES
WATER RATES TL/ m3 (w/o VAT) 01.01.2012
• Domestic 3,16 TL = 1.7 USD• Offices 6,77 TL = 3.6 USD• Industry & constructn sites : 7,04 TL = 3.7 USD• House construction sites: 3,91TL = 2.1 USD• Municipalities: 3,12 TL = 1.7 USD• Village Rate (House): 0,82 TL = 0.4 USD• Village Rate(Office) 2,08 TL = 1.1 USD
• 2 165 000 m3/d of water consumed on 06-01-2012
Historical Water Supplies
• Emperor Hadrian (117-138) brought water from locations close to the castle walls
• Emperor Valens'in (364-378) constructed two aqueducts to bring water from Halkalı to Beyazidlocation.
• Water was brought to the city using pressurized transmission lines in 1885 by a private company.
• The first government Water Administration was established in 1933.
HISTORICAL WATER SUPPLIES
Valens Aquaduct
Valens Aquaduct
Yerebatan Cistern542 AC Justinianus (527-565)
YEREBATAN CISTERN
YEREBATAN CISTERN (9.800 m2, 9 m columns)
OTTOMAN TIMES
• 16 water ways totaling 130 km
• 4 main aqueducts: Mazul, Kara, Ali Paşa, Bozdoğan
• 33 Aqueducts including 36 m high, 258 m long Mağlova Aqueduct
• Supplied water to a population of 150-200 000 people.
City Fountains
Water Fountains
OTTOMAN TIMES
Bozdoğan Kemeri
PRESENT:ISTANBUL RESERVOIRS
Water in 10 Surface Reservoirs (2012)
PRESENT:ISTANBUL WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Istanbul Wastewater Treatment Plants
Deep Sea Discharges into Bhosphorus
Bhosphorous Modelling
http://moma.ims.metu.edu.tr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article
&id=5&Itemid=42&lang=
Deep Sea Discharge into Marmara Layer
Future Water Supply of İstanbul:MELEN Project
MELEN PROJECT:187 km 2500 mm pipeline, 1.80 mill
m3/d, 1.18e9 USD
MELEN PROJECT 190 km , 2500mm
BHOSPHOROUS TUNNEL
Istanbul Water Supply Project: Melen
• The first phase of Melen Project is 1.18 billion $
• Two credit packages (Total 900 million $) were obtained form Japan
• The project will supply 268 million m3 water at the end of the first stage and
• 1,117 billion m3/yr water at the end of the third stage. (about 3 Mm3/d, the water demand of Istanbul until the year 2040 )
MELEN POMPA
İSTASYONU
MELEN TERFİ DEPOSU
YEŞİLVADİ GEÇİŞİ
KAĞITHANE ARITMA TESİSİ
CUMHURİYET ARITMA TESİSİ
CUMHURİYET TERFİ DEPOSU
CUMHURİYET POMPA İSTASYONU
BOĞAZİÇİ TÜNELİ
MELEN REGÜLATÖRÜ
SP - 1
SP - 2
SP - 3
SP - 4
SP - 5
SP - 7
SP - 6
SP - 1
MELEN İŞ PAKETLERI
DSİ XIV.Bölge Müdürlüğü 8 Ocak 2013
BÜYÜK İSTANBUL İÇMESUYU PROJESİMELEN SİSTEMİ
OJSCALKE-STFA
120 MILLION $
Water transfered from Melen andYesilçay Projects
Prevention of the pollution of the Ömerli Reservoir
Ömerli Reservoir in Istanbul
• Watershed zone: 621 km2
• Reservoir Capacity: 387 M m3
• Yearly Renewal Capacity: 220 Mm3/year
• Plays a crutial role in the ambicious Melen Project
WTP
STP
PKöy STP & Ömerli WTPs
Ömerli Water Treatment Plants
Ömerli-Orhaniye and Muradiye WTPs
Ömerli Intake
Omerli Intakes
Ömerli- Intake Tower
Intake from different reservoir levels
Anaerobik
Fe++, Mn +4
Aerobik
Fe+++, Mn +6
Algae (Ömerli)
Secci Disk
Alg
Klorof-a
P
Secci Diski
Alg
Klorof-a
The effluent is pumped through a tunnel to the Riva Creek
WTP
STP
Ömerli Reservoir Water Shed Zone
Ömerli Watershed Zone
Solution:A Simple STP
Paşaköy WWTP
Paşaköt WWTP and Ömerli Rezervoir
Paşaköy Pump Station
Paşaköy Pump Station
Paşaköy AAT
4 * 10 000 m3
Q = 100 000 m3/dBOD5= 161 mg/L
Paşaköy 100 AAT
First Paşaköy AAT (2000)
First and Second Paşaköy STPs
Paşaköy Wastewater Treatment Plant
Pasakoy STP- II
Riva Creek
Riva Creek
Riva - Black Sea
Thank You