ITEC200 Week06 Queues. 2 Learning Objectives – Week06 Queues (Ch6) Students can Manage data using...

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ITEC200 Week06

Queues

www.ics.mq.edu.au/ppdp 2

Learning Objectives – Week06Queues (Ch6)

Students can• Manage data using the queue Abstract Data Type and

the methods provided in it’s Java implementation (offer, remove, poll, peek and element)

• Compare and contrast implementations of the Queue interface (single-linked list, double-linked list, circular array) and make augmentations to them

• Analyse and augment a simulation of a physical system that uses Queues and random number generators

• Recognise appropriate circumstances to implement queues for data management and simulation purposes

Queue Abstract Data Type

• Queue ADT is an organisation of data whereby insertion occurs at the tail and removal occurs at the head.

• Can visualize a queue as a line of customers waiting for service

• The next person to be served is the one who has waited the longest

• New elements are placed at the end of the line

Applications of Queues

• Operating systems use queues to sequence tasks waiting for a scarce resource– Printer queue

– Tasks waiting for CPU

• Simulation of physical systems uses queues to simulate any ‘first-in first-out’ (FIFO) system– Supermarket checkouts

– Tollbooths

Specification for a Queue Interface

Class LinkedList Implements the Queue Interface

• The Java 5.0 LinkedList class implements the Queue interface: Queue<String> names = new LinkedList<String>();

creates a new Queue reference, names, that stores references to String objects

• The actual object referenced by names is type LinkedList<String>

• Because names is a type Queue<String> reference, you can apply only the Queue methods to it.

Case Study: Maintaining a Queue of Customers

• Class MaintainQueue provides a GUI to perform operations on the queue

• Algorithms for GUI and for finding the position of a person in the queue are considered

Using a Double-Linked List to Implement the Queue Interface

• Insertion and removal from either end of a double-linked list is O(1) so either end can be the front (or rear) of the queue

• Java designers decided to make the head of the linked list the front of the queue and the tail the rear of the queue

• Limitation: LinkedList object is used as a queue, it may be possible to apply other LinkedList methods in addition to the ones required by the Queue interface

Using a Single-Linked List to Implement a Queue

• Can implement a queue using a single-linked list• Class ListQueue contains a collection of Node<E>

objects

Implementing a Queue Using a Circular Array

• Time efficiency of using a single- or double-linked list to implement a queue is acceptable, however there are some space inefficiencies

• Implementing a Queue as a Circular Array overcomes space inefficiencies

Implementing a Queue Using a Circular Array (continued)

Comparing the Three Implementations

• All three implementations are comparable in terms of computation time

• Linked-list implementations require more storage because of the extra space required for the links– Each node for a single-linked list stores a total of two references

– Each node for a double-linked list would store a total of three references

• A circular array that is filled to capacity would require half the storage of a single-linked list to store the same number of elements

Simulating Waiting Lines Using Queues

• Simulation is used to study the performance of a physical system by using a physical, mathematical, or computer model of the system

• Simulation allows designers of a new system to estimate the expected performance before building it

• Simulation can lead to changes in the design that will improve the expected performance of the new system

• Useful when the real system would be too expensive to build or too dangerous to experiment with after its construction

Case Study: Simulating a Strategy for Serving Airline Passengers

Simulate a Strategy for Serving Airline Passengers (continued)

Simulating Waiting Lines Using Queues (continued)

Where to from here…

• Work through Chapter 6 of the Koffman & Wolfgang Text

• Conceptual Questions and Practical Exercises• Submit all preliminary work• Be prompt for your online class

Acknowledgements

These slides were based upon the Objects, Abstraction, Data Structures and Design using Java Version 5.0 Chapter 6 PowerPoint presentation

by Elliot B. Koffman and Paul A. T. Wolfgang

ITEC200 Week06 Queues. 2 Learning Objectives – Week06 Queues (Ch6) Students can Manage data using...

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