Post on 05-Jul-2020
transcript
ivilization in Ancient Mesopotamia
The earliest known civilization, Sumer. and the world's first
empire. the Akkadian Empire, both developed in Mesopotamia.
The Sumerians developed the first written language and
the first laws. They also traded with places as far away as
Egypt and India.
Each Sumerian city-state was independent. Each had its
own ruler, own special god, and own army.
people from the neighboring region of Akkad later
conquered Sumer and the rest of the area around the
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Once conquered, city-states
were simply cities.
Sumerians Develop Writing
7000-3000 B.C. Sargon was the firstruler of
Word Token Pictograph7000 B.C. 3500 B.C.
Sheep
Metal
Cuneiform3000 B.C.
People in Mesopotamia first used objects, or tokens,
to record trades. Sumerians then drew the same
shapes on clay tablets. Later they used triangular
reeds to draw these shapes. These wedge shapes, or
cuneiform, became the basis of written languages
the AkkadianEmpire. He conqueredall of Mesopotamiaand beyond.
Is it a city or is it a state?
Early civilizations weren't part of alarge country. Instead, people weregoverned by their own city-state. Acity-state included a city and thesurrounding countryside. There are afew city-states today, such as Monacoin Europe and Singapore in Asia.
in Mesopotamia.
Fertile Crescentand Meso otamia
Fertile Crescent
Mesopotamia
Map shows present-dayboundaries and names in gray.
o 100 200 mdes
0 100 200 Wometers
TURKEY
TAURUS MTS.
Eu
00SYRIA
ISRAoé
The Fertile Crescentincludes Mesopotamia.
IRAQ
IRAN
+0
Area shown inmaps C, D, and E
ROPE ASIA
AFRICA
Mesopotamia, the areabetween the Tigris andEuphrates Rivers, means"between the rivers."Mesopotamia was partof an area of goodfarmland, called theFertile Crescent.
River water and good soil allowfarming in the Fertile Crescent. coastline
today—e.-•
SINAI JORDAN•DESERT SAUDI
ARAB•ARABIADESERT
KUWAIT PersianGuff
Early Settlements and Civilizations I UNII
Caspian Sea
0
TAURUS MTS.
siNA/DESERT
2900 B.C. Semitic herders seizeNomadic herders often Sumer,raid Sumerian city-states. which
city-states becomes
in northern region of Akkad.
Ebla
ar
Sumerians gainfame as traders.
shur
2.
ksh
Uruk
Ur
Each city-state has itsown army and leader.
Susa
coastlinetoday
ARABIAN
DESERT
Sumerians all spoke the same language and had the same customs, but their
Semitic and Elamite neighbors spoke different languages and had different
customs. Even so, trade was common.
2250 B.C. Akkadian Empire
Sumer3500-2350 B.C.
Sumerian culture region,3500
City-States, 2900 B.C
@ Sumerian
@ SemiticElamite
Area of nomadic herders
Invasion or raid
Trade route
Wetland
Desert
Caspian Sea
conquers Ebla and reachesthe Mediterranean.
TAURUS MTS.
2190 B.C. Guti overthrowAkkadian Empire.
Ashur
Mari
toe
Akkadian Empire2350-2190 D.C
Akkadian Empire, 2350 B.C.
Land gained by 2250 B.C.
o Semitic city
o Sumerian city
o Elamite city
Invasion
ELAM Culture region
Wetland
Desert
100 200
o 100 200 kilometes
ksha
Akkad KAD OSusa
2350 B.C. Sargon unites Akkad,then conquers Sumer and Elam, UrukOcreating world's first empire. o
coastlinetoday
ARABIAN
DESERT
The Akkadian Empire spanned most of the Fertile Crescent.Compare maps D and E. Empires rule many different people.What groups were ruled by the Akkadian Empire?