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Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
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Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Adopted February 8, 2019
Effective: July 1, 2019
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
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Table of Contents
PART ONE: FACULTY ASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
ARTICLE I - THE FACULTY ASSEMBLY 1
Section 1. Definition of Faculty 1
Section 2. The Faculty Assembly 1
ARTICLE II – FACULTY GOVERNANCE 1
Section 1. Responsibilities of the Faculty Assembly 1
Section 2. Meetings of the Faculty Assembly, Executive Committee, & Standing Committees 2
Section 3. Voting 3
Section 4. Officers of the Executive Committee of the Faculty 4
Section 5. Duties of the Faculty Officers 5
ARTICLE III - COMMITTEE ON ACADEMIC FREEDOM AND GRIEVANCE 5
Section 1. Duties 5
Section 2. Membership 6
Section 3. Elections 6
ARTICLE IV – COMMITTEE ON TENURE AND PROMOTION 7
Section 1. Duties 7
Section 2. Membership 7
Section 3. Elections 7
ARTICLE V – APPOINTMENTS COMMITTEE 8
Section 1. Duties 8
Section 2. Membership 8
Section 3. Elections 8
ARTICLE VI – FACULTY STANDING COMMITTEES 9
Section 1. General Policies 9
Section 2. Academic Standards Committee 10
Section 3. Curriculum Committee 10
Section 4. Core Curriculum Committee 11
Section 5. Faculty Affairs Committee 11
Section 6. Instructional Resources Committee 11
Section 7. Planning and Budget Committee 12
Section 8. Student Life Committee 12
Section 9. Athletics Committee 13
Section 10. Bylaws Committee 14
PART TWO - FACULTY RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES 14
ARTICLE I - ACADEMIC FREEDOM 14
AAUP 1940 statement on Academic Freedom and Tenure: 15
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
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ARTICLE II – TENURE 16
Section 1. Eligibility 16
Section 2. Timetable and Standards for Tenure 16
Section 3. Pre-Tenure Evaluations 17
Section 4. Tenure Evaluation Process 17
Section 5. Granting Tenure 18
Section 6. Continuation of Tenure 19
Section 7. Post-Tenure Review 19
Section 8. Appeal 20
ARTICLE III - NEW FACULTY APPOINTMENTS 20
Section 1. Filling a Vacancy 20
Section 2. Conducting a Search 20
Section 3. Appointment of a Faculty Member 21
ARTICLE IV - RANK AND PROMOTION 21
Section 1. Evaluation for Promotion - Procedure 21
Section 2. Evaluation For Promotion – Criteria 22
Section 3. Category and Rank – General Description 22
Section 4. Salary Increases 22
ARTICLE V – SELECTION OF DIVISION CHAIRS AND UNIT ADMINISTRATORS 24
Section 1. Search Committee 24
Section 2. Candidate Selection 24
Section 3. Recommendations 24
Section 4. Appointment 24
Section 5. Evaluation 25
Section 6. Remuneration 25
Section 7. Department Chairs 25
Section 8. Removal 25
ARTICLE VI - SELECTION OF THE CHIEF ACADEMIC OFFICER & ACADEMIC DEANS 25
Section 1. Chief Academic Officer 25
Section 2. Academic Deans 27
ARTICLE VII - SELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY 28
Section 1. Search Committee 28
Section 2. Faculty Views 28
ARTICLE VIII - TERMINATION OF A NON-TENURED FULL-TIME APPOINTMENT 28
ARTICLE IX - TERMINATION OF A TENURED APPOINTMENT 29
Section 1. Reasons for Termination 29
Section 2. Financial Exigency 29
Section 3. Removal for Professional Incompetence 30
Section 4. Removal For Cause - Due Process 30
Section 5. Removal for Cause – Discretionary Suspension 31
Section 6. Termination Contingencies 31
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Section 7. Regarding Administrators with Faculty Rank 31
ARTICLE X - OUTSIDE EMPLOYMENT AND LEAVES OF ABSENCE 31
Section 1. Outside Employment 32
Section 2. Leaves Without Pay 32
Section 3. Leaves With Pay 32
PART THREE: ADOPTION AND APPROVAL OF
THE BYLAWS 33
ARTICLE I - PROCEDURES FOR AMENDMENT OF THE BYLAWS 33
Section 1. Presentation 33
Section 2. Adoption 33
Section 3. Effective Date 33
ARTICLE II – AUTHORITY OF THESE BYLAWS 33
ARTICLE III - METHOD OF ADOPTION 34
Section 1. Approval 34
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
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AMENDED AND RESTATED 1
FACULTY BYLAWS 2
3
4
JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY 5
6
7
PART ONE: FACULTY ASSEMBLY PROCEDURES 8
9
These procedures define the official governance body of the faculty of Jacksonville 10
University, henceforth referred to as the Faculty Assembly, and will provide the 11
operational structure and procedures for that body, its officers, and its committees. 12
13
14
ARTICLE I 15
16
THE FACULTY ASSEMBLY 17
18
Section 1. Definition of Faculty 19
20
A full-time faculty member is one whose major employment is with the 21
institution, whose primary assignment is in teaching and/or research, and/or 22
whose employment is based upon a full-time faculty contract. 23
24
Section 2. The Faculty Assembly 25
26
a. The Faculty Assembly shall be the name given to the official body consisting 27
of all full-time faculty members at Jacksonville University. 28
29
b. Officers assigned to the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC) 30
program who have faculty rank will be considered members of the Faculty 31
Assembly. 32
33
c. The official number of faculty used for determining a quorum, and for other 34
provisions of these bylaws referring to the number of faculty, shall be the 35
number meeting the definition of Section 1 as of September 15 each year, as 36
reported by the Office of Academic Affairs. 37
38
39
ARTICLE II 40
41
FACULTY GOVERNANCE 42
43
Section 1. Responsibilities of the Faculty Assembly 44
45
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a. The Faculty Assembly has special responsibility for oversight and shall be 46
consulted on all proposals regarding the formation of faculty governance 47
committees; creation and delivery of curriculum; policies on student media; 48
and academic standards including but not limited to graduation requirements, 49
criteria for probation and suspension of students, the academic calendar, 50
standards for academic progress, certification for degrees, academic honesty, 51
honors program, independent studies, academic honors, study abroad, and 52
internships. 53
54
b. The Faculty Assembly has shared responsibility through recommendations to 55
and consultation with the chief academic officer (CAO), the President and the 56
Board of Trustees on the establishment of new academic programs; the 57
structure of the academic organization; the procedures for evaluating faculty 58
effectiveness; admission standards; the University’s mission; strategic 59
planning; financial matters including but not limited to faculty development 60
policies, academic budgeting, and fringe benefits; the abolition of programs, 61
majors, and/or departments; academic ceremonies and public occasions; as 62
well as policies regarding scholarships and academic support services. 63
64
c. The Faculty Assembly shall be consulted in many areas. To formally consult 65
with the faculty, the administration shall inform the faculty chair, and the 66
faculty can provide responses through the faculty chair or appropriate 67
channels. Areas of consultation include changes in athletic policy; in library 68
policy; administration organizational changes; policies on student loans and 69
financial aid; the formation of new University committees; and any matter 70
involving governance and good repute of the University and the welfare and 71
morale of faculty and students. 72
73
Section 2. Meetings of the Faculty Assembly, Executive Committee, and Standing 74
Committees 75
76
a. The Faculty Assembly shall meet monthly during the full months of the fall 77
and spring semesters. The Assembly may consider any matter referred to it by 78
the executive committee, faculty committees, colleges, divisions, or by one or 79
more of its members. Resolutions passed at each meeting shall be forwarded 80
to the CAO. 81
82
b. The Executive Committee of the Faculty (as outlined in Article II, Section 4) 83
will meet at least monthly with the CAO and with committee chairs two 84
weeks prior to the faculty assembly meeting to establish the meeting agenda. 85
86
c. The Executive Committee of the Faculty shall meet at least monthly during 87
the fall and spring semesters with the president and appropriate University 88
personnel to discuss any new resolutions passed by the Faculty Assembly and 89
other business as outlined in Article II, Section 1. 90
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91
d. Special meetings of the Faculty Assembly may be called by the president of 92
the University, the CAO, the chair of the faculty, or upon the petition of 93
twenty-five percent of the faculty. A special meeting may be held at a time 94
different from that of any regular meeting and shall be convened only to 95
consider one or more items of business specified in the called meeting agenda. 96
Special meetings generally require five working days’ notice to the faculty. 97
98
e. Meetings of the Faculty Assembly shall be open to other members of the 99
University community who shall have voice but no vote. However, an 100
executive session may be called by the chair of the faculty or by a majority 101
vote of the faculty present. 102
103
f. Meetings of standing committees shall be open to all members of the 104
University community who shall have voice but no vote. Executive session 105
may be called by the chair of the committee. 106
107
g. Items for inclusion on the agenda shall be submitted to the chair of the faculty 108
two weeks prior to any regularly scheduled meeting of the Faculty Assembly. 109
110
h. The chair, in consultation with the Committee Chairs and other members of 111
the Executive Committee, shall either place items on the agenda or route them 112
to the appropriate committee(s) for attention. The chair of the faculty shall 113
report to the Faculty Assembly the status of all items submitted. 114
115
i. Twenty-five percent of the members of the Faculty Assembly shall constitute 116
a quorum at all meetings of the Faculty Assembly. Robert's Rules of Order 117
shall govern procedures in all meetings of the Faculty Assembly except when 118
Robert's Rules of Order conflict with procedures detailed in these bylaws or 119
other special rules of order adopted by the faculty. 120
121
Section 3. Voting 122
123
a. Election of members to the Executive Committee of the Faculty, of members 124
to the Committee on Academic Freedom and Grievance, and of members to 125
the Committee on Tenure and Promotion, and voting to amend the bylaws 126
shall be by secret ballot. Preferential voting is not permitted in these 127
situations. 128
129
b. Members of the Faculty Assembly who are unable to attend regularly 130
scheduled meetings may cast an absentee ballot in elections of officers, 131
committee members, or on amendments of bylaws. 132
133
c. The parliamentarian shall be responsible for receiving absentee ballots, 134
recording the absentee vote, and appointing tellers. 135
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136
d. A secret ballot shall be taken at the discretion of the chair of the faculty or at 137
the public or private request of any Faculty Assembly member. 138
139
Section 4. Officers of the Executive Committee of the Faculty 140
141
a. The Executive Committee of the Faculty shall consist of the chair of the 142
faculty, the vice chair of the faculty, the secretary, and the immediate past 143
chair of the faculty. 144
145
b. The chair of the faculty, the vice chair of the faculty, and the secretary shall 146
be elected by the Faculty Assembly for a two-year term, not to exceed two 147
consecutive terms. The Appointments Committee is responsible for soliciting 148
and receiving the nominations by the March meeting. Nominations may also 149
be made from the floor by any Faculty Assembly member during the March 150
meeting. The election will be held in April. Any tenured member of the 151
Faculty Assembly, except division chairs or their equivalent comparable unit 152
administrator, shall be eligible for the Executive Committee. Comparable 153
unit administrator’s roles and administrative responsibilities are indicated in 154
their contracts and their position would be defined in discussion with their 155
unit head. Typically, faculty with these roles would have a percent teaching 156
load of 50 percent or less (Part Two, Article II, Section 2). 157
158
c. The Chair of the Faculty must be a full-time tenured professor with a 159
terminal degree in his/her field. 160
161
d. Officers shall assume office following spring term graduation. 162
163
e. The parliamentarian shall be appointed by the chair of the faculty and serve 164
concurrently, but is not a member of the Executive Committee. The 165
appointment is for a two-year term, not to exceed two consecutive terms, 166
unless approved by majority faculty vote. 167
168
f. A vacancy in the office of chair of the faculty prior to the expiration of the 169
term shall be filled by special election if the amount of time remaining in the 170
unexpired term is greater than or equal to one academic semester; otherwise, 171
the vice chair of the faculty shall assume the office of chair of the faculty. A 172
vacancy in the office of vice chair of the faculty or secretary prior to the 173
expiration of the term shall be filled by special election if the amount of time 174
remaining in the unexpired term is greater than or equal to one academic 175
semester; otherwise, the chair of the faculty shall appoint an interim. 176
Nominations and election for the position(s) will be held within the next 177
month. The newly elected officer(s) shall assume office immediately 178
following the election and will serve until the end of the predecessor’s 179
unexpired term. 180
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181
Section 5. Duties of the Faculty Officers 182
183
a. The chair of the faculty shall preside over the meetings of the Faculty 184
Assembly. The chair shall report on actions of the Board of Trustees to the 185
Faculty Assembly. The chair of the faculty shall meet at least twice a month 186
with the CAO. The chair of the faculty shall preside over the meetings of the 187
Executive Committee and the joint meeting of the Executive Committee and 188
the Committee Chairs. Additionally, the chair of the faculty shall represent 189
the faculty by advocating faculty interests on committees and serving as a 190
liaison of the faculty with students, the administration, the CAO, the Board 191
of Trustees, and other members of the University community. The chair of 192
the faculty serves as a member of the president’s advisory body. 193
194
b. In the absence of the chair of the faculty, the vice chair of the faculty shall 195
assume the duties and responsibilities of the chair and may appoint a 196
temporary vice chair. Additionally, the vice chair shall review minutes and 197
accompanying materials, and ensure their timely distribution to members of 198
the Faculty Assembly. Furthermore, it is the responsibility of the vice chair to 199
publicize all meetings of the Appointments Committee and all committee 200
vacancies in a timely manner. 201
202
c. The secretary maintains all records of the Faculty Assembly (e.g. routing 203
forms, agendas, curricular proposals, etc.) and monitors the Faculty Assembly 204
budget. 205
206
d. The parliamentarian shall ensure that proper procedures are followed for 207
meetings of the Faculty Assembly and shall serve as elections officer in all 208
faculty elections. 209
210
211
ARTICLE III 212
213
COMMITTEE ON ACADEMIC FREEDOM AND GRIEVANCE 214
215
Section 1. Duties 216
217
It shall be the responsibility of the committee on Academic Freedom and 218
Grievance (see Statute I) to track and study developments and possible problems 219
in the area of academic freedom at Jacksonville University. Additionally, the 220
committee shall hear faculty grievances regarding pay issues, teaching 221
assignments, leaves, academic freedom, tenure and promotions, terminations, and 222
other academic issues. 223
224
a. Grievances must be made in writing to the chair of the committee, citing the 225
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grievance and the basis for the request. The committee may hear or refuse to 226
hear a grievance, based on the merits of the case. The committee may conduct 227
an investigation, in which case all relevant parties will be consulted. 228
229
b. The committee's hearings and records will be confidential. The chair of the 230
committee shall submit a report of the findings and recommendations to the 231
CAO, the president, and the complainant/grievant. In cases where the 232
University is not the respondent, the same report shall also be sent to the 233
respondent. 234
235
c. The president may conduct a follow-up investigation or in cases where the 236
grievance does not involve the CAO, may appoint the CAO and/or a 237
committee to accomplish the same. The president will notify both the 238
complainant and the committee of his or her decision as expeditiously as 239
possible, preferably within two months. If the investigation continues for more 240
than two months, the complainant shall be updated on the progress of her/his 241
grievance. 242
243
244
Section 2. Membership 245
246
The committee shall be composed of tenured members of the faculty. There shall 247
be representation from each college. These members will be faculty who are not 248
division chairs or equivalents such as Associate Deans, comparable unit 249
administrators, or members of the Committee on Tenure and Promotion. In 250
addition to the four regular members, two alternate members shall be elected to 251
serve as committee members, as required, if a regular committee member cannot 252
participate in a hearing. The committee shall have full discretion in choosing 253
alternates, from those elected, to participate in a particular case. The chair of the 254
faculty shall serve as an ex officio non-voting member, as is the case for all ex 255
officio members described in this document. 256
257
Section 3. Elections 258
259
a. The committee members shall be elected for terms of four years on a rotating 260
basis, not to exceed two consecutive terms, so that the Faculty Assembly 261
shall annually elect at least one member to fill a vacancy caused by the 262
expiration of a term of office. Nominations shall be made in February with 263
the election in March. The new member(s) shall take office at the beginning 264
of the following fall semester. 265
266
b. Should a member of the committee resign, a faculty member who meets the 267
requirements of Article III, Section 2 shall be nominated and elected as a 268
replacement within the next month. 269
270
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c. Within three weeks of the March election of the new members, the 271
committee shall convene to elect a chair for the following academic year. 272
The existing committee shall remain as constituted through the summer. 273
274
275
ARTICLE IV 276
277
COMMITTEE ON TENURE AND PROMOTION 278
279
Section 1. Duties 280
281
a. The committee on Tenure and Promotion shall review tenure and promotion 282
portfolios, evaluate recommendations on tenure and promotion made by 283
tenured faculty in a division/unit, division chairs or comparable unit 284
administrators, and deans, and make recommendations to the CAO on tenure 285
and promotion proposals, and any cases of reinstatement of tenure. 286
287
b. With the exception of cases of discrimination or harassment (cases of 288
discrimination or harassment must be immediately referred to the Title IX 289
Coordinator or a Deputy Title IX Coordinator or as otherwise required by the 290
applicable University policy), the committee shall review cases for removal 291
of tenured members of the Faculty and make recommendations to the CAO 292
and president simultaneously (see Part Two, Article IX). 293
294
Section 2. Membership 295
296
The committee shall be composed of five tenured members of the faculty who 297
have rank of professor and who are not division chairs or members of the 298
Committee on Academic Freedom and Grievance. There shall be at least one 299
member from each of the colleges assuming that there is a qualified and willing 300
candidate. 301
302
Section 3. Elections 303
304
a. The committee members shall be elected for terms of four years on a rotating 305
basis, not to exceed two consecutive terms. Nominations shall be held in 306
February with the election in March. The new member(s) shall take office at 307
the beginning of the following fall semester. 308
309
b. Should a member of the committee resign, a faculty member who meets the 310
requirements of Article IV, Section 2 shall be nominated and elected as a 311
replacement within the next month. 312
313
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c. Within three weeks after the March election of its new member(s), the 314
committee shall convene to elect its chair for the following academic year. 315
The existing committee shall remain as constituted through the summer. 316
317
318
ARTICLE V 319
320
APPOINTMENTS COMMITTEE 321
322
Section 1. Duties 323
324
a. Annually, and as needed, each elected member of the Appointments 325
Committee will contact all members of the division, unit, or college and 326
seek interested candidates for committee openings. 327
328
b. The committee shall convene as needed to complete tasks assigned by the 329
chair of the faculty. Additionally, the committee shall meet in February to 330
fill vacancies on all standing committees, and in March of an election year 331
to formalize nominations for the Executive Committee of the Faculty. 332
333
c. The committee shall convene as needed to nominate candidates to fill 334
vacancies on all standing committees if the vacancies occur outside of the 335
regular rotation. 336
337
Section 2. Membership 338
339
The committee shall be composed of the vice chair of the faculty and at least one 340
faculty member from each of the colleges. Each college will determine whether it 341
will be represented by one faculty member or by a representative of each division 342
or comparable unit. Members should be tenured faculty. Division chairs are 343
eligible to serve. 344
345
Section 3. Elections 346
347
a. The members shall be elected by their respective divisions, units, or college, 348
as appropriate, and shall serve for two-year terms, not to exceed four 349
consecutive terms. 350
351
b. The elections shall be held in the spring semester, and new members will 352
assume their duties at the beginning of the fall semester. 353
354
c. The vice chair of the faculty shall chair the committee. 355
356
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357
ARTICLE VI 358
359
FACULTY STANDING COMMITTEES 360
361
Section 1. General Policies 362
363
a. Meetings of standing committees shall be open to other members of the 364
faculty and the University community who shall have voice but no vote. 365
Executive session may be called by the chair of the committee. 366
367
b. A simple majority of the members of any committee enumerated in this 368
article shall constitute a quorum. 369
370
c. The term of office of all committee members shall be two years, not to 371
exceed three consecutive terms. Membership shall rotate so that 372
approximately half of the membership is nominated each year. Half of each 373
committee’s membership shall be tenured faculty. 374
375
d. By the last spring meeting of the Faculty Assembly, each committee shall 376
elect from among its members a chair-elect who will assume the 377
responsibility of chair at the beginning of the next fall semester. Chairs may 378
be re-nominated. 379
380
e. The chair of each committee shall convene and conduct meetings, and report 381
on the committee's activities to the Faculty Assembly and the chair of the 382
faculty assembly. Recommendations shall be presented to the Faculty 383
Assembly. 384
385
f. The chair of a committee shall designate a committee member to serve as the 386
chair's alternate and conduct meetings in the chair's absence. 387
388
g. No faculty member shall serve on more than one of the committees 389
enumerated in this Article, but may also serve on the committees enumerated 390
in Articles III, IV, and V. Chairs of committees may also serve as faculty 391
representatives on Board of Trustees’ sub-committees. 392
393
h. Members of the Executive Committee shall not serve on any of the standing 394
committees during the term in office. 395
396
i. Normal committee procedure shall be to meet at least once per month during 397
the fall and spring semesters or as needed to complete tasks in an expedient 398
manner. 399
400
j. All members of the University community may submit proposals to the 401
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standing committees. Standing committees should inform the Executive 402
Committee within one month regarding the status of any submitted proposal. 403
Submitters should consult the Executive Committee when they feel the 404
standing committee has failed to take expedient action. 405
406
k. A standing committee may, after informing the Faculty, appoint an ad hoc 407
committee to assist with any area of its charge. Such a committee is subject 408
to reappointment September 1 of the following academic year. An ad hoc 409
committee reports to the chair of the standing committee responsible for its 410
activity. 411
412
l. Standing committee members must attend meetings regularly. Failure to 413
attend regularly will result in removal from the committee. The 414
Appointments Committee shall be responsible for choosing a replacement. 415
416
m. Standing committee chairs will consult with the president of the student body 417
for student appointments in cases where a student representative is specified 418
in the bylaws as a member of the committee. 419
420
n. Chairs of the standing committees and the Executive Committee shall meet 421
monthly within the fall and spring semesters or as necessary to discuss 422
proposals and coordinate the Faculty Assembly agenda. 423
424
Section 2. Academic Standards Committee 425
426
a. The Academic Standards Committee shall be composed of seven members of the 427
faculty including at least one from each college, and the following ex-officio 428
members: director of experiential learning, director of financial aid, chief of 429
financial aid, chief admissions officer, and registrar. 430
431
b. The committee shall receive and review proposals, make recommendations, and 432
monitor in the following areas: standards for admissions, satisfactory academic 433
progress, honors, the addition of experiential learning (including service learning 434
and research intensive) designations, speech intensive (SI), technology intensive 435
(TI), or writing intensive (WI) designations to existing courses or new courses 436
(for new courses this is in conjunction with the Curriculum Committee); 437
requirements for graduation; and policies on academic honesty, scholarships, 438
loans, and grants-in-aid. 439
440
Section 3. Curriculum Committee 441
442
a. The Curriculum Committee shall be composed of seven members of the Faculty, 443
including at least one from each college. Academic deans, the registrar, and a 444
librarian are ex officio members. 445
446
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b. The committee shall receive and review curriculum proposals and make 447
recommendations to the faculty assembly concerning the following: the addition 448
of new courses; the elimination of existing courses; significant changes to 449
existing courses and credit hours; changes that effectively create new courses; 450
course renumbering; requirements within majors, minors, and programs; the 451
creation or elimination of tracks/concentrations within majors or programs; the 452
creation or elimination of majors, minors, or programs (joint oversight with the 453
Planning and Budget Committee); and review of University majors. 454
455
c. Subject to the catalog review process, the following curricular changes can be 456
done with departmental discretion: changes that are purely editorial in the title or 457
description of existing courses; indication of the semester in which a course is 458
taught; cross listing; and prerequisites. 459
460
Section 4. Core Curriculum Committee 461
462
a. The Core Curriculum Committee shall be composed of seven members of the 463
faculty, including at least one from each college. 464
465
b. The committee shall develop, receive, and review proposals to change the core 466
curriculum, including proposals for new core courses. The committee shall then 467
make recommendations to the Faculty Assembly regarding the core curriculum. 468
The committee shall identify core assessment objectives and Academic Affairs 469
will be responsible for collecting and analyzing the data for accreditation 470
purposes. 471
472
c. Proposals for new core courses must be submitted for review to the Curriculum 473
Committee as well as the Core Curriculum Committee. 474
475
Section 5. Faculty Affairs Committee 476
477
a. The Faculty Affairs Committee shall be composed of seven members of the 478
faculty, with at least one representative from each college. 479
480
b. The committee shall receive, review, and make recommendations to the Faculty 481
Assembly in all areas affecting faculty welfare and morale including the areas of 482
fringe benefits, research activities and awards, procedures and timeline for 483
evaluation, compensation, and retirement. 484
485
Section 6. Instructional Resources Committee 486
487
a. The Instructional Resources Committee shall be composed of seven members of 488
the faculty. The chief information officer, library director, and director of 489
academic technology are ex officio members. 490
491
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b. The committee shall receive and review proposals, and shall make 492
recommendations in the areas of technology, library resources policy, and the 493
distribution of other resources necessary for quality instruction. 494
495
496
Section 7. Planning and Budget Committee 497
498
a. The Planning and Budget Committee shall be composed of seven members of the 499
faculty, with at least one representative from each college. At least one 500
committee member must be from the Davis College of Business and must have 501
experience in accounting and finance. The registrar, the chief information officer, 502
and the chief financial officer are ex officio members. 503
504
b. The Planning and Budget Committee shall participate in the University’s strategic 505
planning and shall report regularly to both the University’s planning body and the 506
faculty regarding strategic planning and budgeting. 507
508
c. The committee, the chief financial officer (CFO), and appropriate administrators 509
shall consult during the process of developing the University’s annual budget. 510
The committee shall review complete summary financial reports with the CFO. 511
512
d. The Planning and Budget Committee shall also receive and review proposals and 513
make recommendations to the Faculty Assembly in the areas of strategic 514
planning, including; the establishment of financial priorities and the campus 515
environment; the academic calendar, the establishment of new academic majors, 516
minors, and programs (joint responsibility with the Curriculum Committee); 517
divisional organization; the formation of new colleges; and the elimination of 518
majors, minors, programs, and departments (joint responsibility with the 519
Curriculum Committee). New academic majors, minors, and programs approved 520
by the committee shall be reviewed by the committee three years after initial 521
implementation and the committee shall make a recommendation to the Faculty 522
Assembly based on the outcomes of the program. A decision by the Committee to 523
formally recommend the elimination or creation of a program or department of 524
instruction will be based essentially upon institutional considerations in light of 525
the mission statement and strategic plan of the university. 526
527
Section 8. Student Life Committee 528
529
a. The Student Life Committee shall be composed of seven members of the faculty 530
and three students, including the president of the student body and one member 531
of the Student Athlete Advisory Committee (SAAC). 532
533
b. The committee shall receive and review proposals and make recommendations to 534
the Faculty Assembly in all areas affecting student welfare and morale, including 535
the area of journalistic standards for student media. 536
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{00362842 1 } 13
537
c. The committee shall appoint an advisory Media Board composed of three 538
members of the faculty as well as the chair of the Division of Humanities and two 539
students who are not staff members of student media. The faculty advisors of 540
each media shall serve as members. The Board meets as needed to fulfill the 541
functions delineated below: 542
543
1. The Board shall be charged with developing and proposing policy for student 544
campus publications. The Board makes these recommendations to the faculty 545
Student Life Committee. 546
547
2. The Board makes recommendations to the CAO concerning the appointment 548
of editors, managers, and business managers. The faculty advisor and the 549
current student media officers of each media select students to fill other 550
positions for which scholarships may be available. 551
552
3. The Board may make recommendations to the CAO in the appointment or 553
reassignment of faculty advisors. The Board may request legal advice through 554
the president’s and CAO’s office when necessary. Faculty advisors shall 555
insure that campus publications adhere to established media policies. 556
557
4. The Board does not exercise pre-publication or pre-broadcast review of 558
student media. However, the Board hears grievances from members of the 559
University community regarding the operation of campus media. The Board 560
adjudicates grievances by reference to the Jacksonville University Guidelines 561
for Student Media. The Board may recommend the reprimand or removal of 562
media officers. All such recommendations are forwarded to the CAO. 563
564
Section 9. Athletics Committee 565
566
a. The Athletics Committee shall be composed of five members of the faculty with 567
representation from each college and the Faculty Athletics Representative. The 568
chief enrollment officer, the chief student life officer, the Registrar, a compliance 569
officer, a representative from student financial assistance, the Faculty Athletics 570
Representative, the chief athletics officer, an academic advisor for student 571
athletes, and one student representative from SAAC shall serve as ex officio 572
members. Representatives from admissions, student life, the registrar, athletics 573
compliance, financial aid, the Chief Athletics Officer, athletic bands, and the 574
director of athletic academic services shall serve as ex officio members. 575
576
b. The committee shall receive and review proposals and shall make 577
recommendations to the CAO and Faculty Assembly in the area of athletics, as 578
well as provide faculty input into the development of athletic policies and 579
academic standards for student-athletes. The goal of the committee shall be to 580
ensure the academic success and well-being of student-athletes. 581
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 14
582
c. The committee shall be concerned with the interface between the University’s 583
athletic and academic programs. It shall report annually to the faculty assembly 584
regarding how well the athletic programs support the mission of the University. 585
This report could include such aspects as academic outcomes, graduation rates, 586
the addition and deletion of programs, and financial viability. 587
588
Section 10. Bylaws Committee 589
590
a. The Bylaws Committee shall be composed of seven faculty members, 591
including the chair of the faculty, vice-chair of the faculty, the secretary of 592
the faculty, the parliamentarian, and three other tenured members of the 593
faculty appointed by the Committee Chairs. The committee shall elect a 594
chair. The parliamentarian is an ex officio member of the committee. The 595
appointed members of the Committee shall serve a two-year term with a 596
three term limit. 597
598
b. The committee shall monitor the Faculty Bylaws, recommending changes 599
to the faculty assembly as necessary, and serve as a liaison to the 600
administration regarding interpretation of the bylaws. Additionally, the 601
committee shall be responsible for recommending revisions to the bylaws. 602
603
604
605
PART TWO: FACULTY RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES 606
607
These articles constitute rules established by Jacksonville University to govern the 608
personnel and contractual affairs of the faculty. 609
610
ARTICLE I 611
612
ACADEMIC FREEDOM 613
614
Jacksonville University considers a free and unconstrained exchange of information 615
essential among its faculty, staff, and students. While the faculty fully supports the free 616
exchange of ideas, an explicit guarantee of academic freedom is made to faculty members 617
through this article. Jacksonville University adopts the following portions taken verbatim 618
from the AAUP 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure, a 619
restatement of principles first set forth in 1925: 620
The purpose of this statement is to promote public understanding and support of academic 621
freedom…and agreement upon procedures to ensure… [academic freedom] in colleges and 622
universities. Institutions of higher education are conducted for the common good and not to 623
further the interest of either the individual teacher or the institution as a whole. The common good 624
depends upon the free search for truth and its free exposition. 625
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 15
Academic freedom is essential to these purposes and applies to both teaching and research. 626
Freedom in research is fundamental to the advancement of truth. Academic freedom in its 627
teaching aspect is fundamental for the protection of the rights of the teacher in teaching and of 628
the student to freedom in learning. It carries with it duties correlative with rights. 629
Tenure is a means to certain ends; specifically: (1) freedom of teaching and research and of 630
extramural activities, and (2) a sufficient degree of economic security to make the profession 631
attractive to men and women of ability. Freedom and economic security, hence, tenure, are 632
indispensable to the success of an institution in fulfilling its obligations to its students and to 633
society. 634
ACADEMIC FREEDOM 635
a. Teachers are entitled to full freedom in research and in the publication of the results, 636
subject to the adequate performance of their other academic duties; but research for 637
pecuniary return should be based upon an understanding with the authorities of the 638
institution. 639
b. Teachers are entitled to freedom in the classroom in discussing their subject, but they 640
should be careful not to introduce into their teaching controversial matter which has no 641
relation to their subject. Limitations of academic freedom because of religious or other 642
aims of the institution should be clearly stated in writing at the time of the appointment. 643
c. College and university teachers are citizens, members of a learned profession, and 644
officers of an educational institution. When they speak or write as citizens, they should be 645
free from institutional censorship or discipline, but their special position in the community 646
imposes special obligations. As scholars and educational officers, they should remember 647
that the public may judge their profession and their institution by their utterances. Hence 648
they should at all times be accurate, should exercise appropriate restraint, should show 649
respect for the opinions of others, and should make every effort to indicate that they are 650
not speaking for the institution. 651
All full-time, part-time, adjunct, and visiting faculty members, tenured and non-tenured, 652
enjoy full academic freedom. All full-time and part-time students enrolled in any course, 653
credit or non-credit, also enjoy full academic freedom. 654
655
Any faculty member who believes his or her academic freedom to have been abridged 656
may direct a written grievance to the chair of the Committee on Academic Freedom and 657
Grievance, citing the abridgment in detail, providing corroborating documentation, and 658
requesting corrective action. 659
660
ARTICLE II 661
662
TENURE 663
664
665
Section 1. Eligibility 666
667
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{00362842 1 } 16
Tenure exists to protect academic freedom in teaching, professional development, 668
scholarship, and service (which can include administrative duties for their department or 669
division). Faculty members earn tenure by demonstrating their expertise and 670
achievement in these areas. For this reason, Jacksonville University awards tenure for 671
faculty work, but not for administrative work. Tenure is granted in accordance with 672
procedures developed by faculty and administration. A faculty member is eligible to earn 673
and hold tenure unless he or she is appointed to a non-tenure track position. 674
675
A faculty member who is eligible to earn tenure shall be so informed in the annual 676
contract. The contract shall state both the year of service during which tenure may be 677
considered and the pre-tenure review year. 678
679
When the University hires new faculty or academic administrators tenured at other 680
institutions, it may, after consultation with tenured faculty in the appropriate units as 681
defined in Part Two, Article II, Section 4, recognize tenure granted by another institution. 682
Alternatively, academic administrators moving to faculty status may earn tenure by 683
following standard procedures for tenure-track faculty. Deferred or early tenure 684
decisions can be addressed on a case-by-case basis. 685
686
Section 2. Timetable and Standards for Tenure 687
688
After completing five years of service and completion of a pre-tenure review, an eligible 689
faculty member will apply for tenure. Prior to applying, three of the five years must have 690
been completed at Jacksonville University. A maximum of two years of service at other 691
institutions of higher learning with documentation of teaching, professional development 692
and scholarship, and service at the level of tenure track assistant professor or higher may 693
be counted in the years of service for tenure consideration. A maximum of two years of 694
service at Jacksonville University in a full-time, non-tenure-track faculty position may be 695
counted in the years of service for tenure consideration. However, faculty who have been 696
granted tenure at another institution and shown evidence of excellence in the teaching, 697
professional development and scholarship can negotiate tenure at the time of hire. The 698
negotiation process will include consultation with the tenured faculty in the division or 699
comparable unit. 700
701
Tenure is determined for each individual based upon academic credentials and years of 702
service at Jacksonville University and other academic institutions (see above). An 703
affirmative tenure decision must be based upon achievement in the areas of teaching, 704
professional development and scholarship (e.g. research and creative activities), and 705
service to the university. Faculty who have taken on administrative duties for their 706
department or division may count these duties toward tenure. However, faculty on a 707
tenure-track appointment typically have at least a 50 percent teaching load. Additionally, 708
faculty members are expected to interact in a cooperative and collaborative manner in 709
fulfilling their professional obligations. 710
711
Section 3. Pre-Tenure Evaluations 712
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 17
713
Candidates for tenure will undergo a pre-tenure review during their mid-point of service 714
toward tenure at Jacksonville University as determined by the CAO in consultation with 715
the faculty member. Candidates will submit a pre-tenure portfolio which provides 716
evidence of the candidate’s achievements in the areas of teaching, professional 717
development and scholarship (e.g. research and creative activities), and service to the 718
university. Candidates will submit the portfolio by February 1 to the division chair or 719
comparable unit administrator. Tenured division members (exclusive of the division chair 720
or comparable unit administrator) will elect a convener who shall assemble the tenured 721
members for a discussion of the candidate's progress towards tenure as outlined in Part 722
Two, Article II, Section 2. The convener will submit an agreed-upon summary of that 723
discussion to the division chair or comparable unit administrator. In units without a 724
division chair or comparable unit administrator, the convener will submit the summary 725
directly to the dean. The summary shall be given to the CAO, dean, and candidate by 726
May 1. The division chair, comparable unit administrator, or dean forward the record of 727
the pre-tenure review to the Committee on Tenure and Promotion during the final tenure 728
evaluation process. 729
730
Section 4. Tenure Evaluation Process 731
732
In May following the fifth year of service, the dean shall notify the eligible faculty 733
member that they must submit their tenure portfolio for consideration to the division 734
chair or comparable higher unit administrator by October 15. The faculty member shall 735
submit to the division chair or comparable unit administrator two copies of a portfolio 736
which provide evidence of the candidate’s achievements in the areas of teaching, 737
professional development and scholarship (e.g. research and creative activities), and 738
service to the university. After reviewing the candidate's documentation, the tenured 739
faculty members of the academic division or comparable unit (exclusive of the division 740
chair or comparable unit administrator) will elect a convener who shall assemble the 741
tenured members for a discussion of the candidate's qualifications. The convener will 742
submit an agreed-upon summary of that discussion to the division chair or comparable 743
unit administrator. In units without a division chair or comparable unit administrator, the 744
convener will submit the summary directly to the dean and the Committee on Tenure and 745
Promotion. Subsequent to this meeting, each tenured faculty member shall submit in 746
writing a confidential vote to the unit administrator for or against tenure. By December 1, 747
the candidate shall be informed by the unit administrator whether the vote was favorable 748
or unfavorable and provided with the summary submitted by the convener and with a 749
copy of the division chair or comparable unit administrator’s evaluation and 750
recommendation for or against tenure. 751
752
By December 1, the division chair or unit administrator shall submit to the dean the 753
following information: 754
755
pre-tenure evaluations 756
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 18
academic unit administrator’s written evaluation and 757
recommendation for or against tenure 758
the summary prepared by the convener 759
the result (overall favorable or unfavorable, not the numerical count) 760
of the vote of the tenured members of the academic division or 761
comparable unit 762
one copy of the candidate's portfolio. (The other copy shall be 763
returned to the candidate.) 764
765
By January 15, the dean shall submit his or her recommendation, along with the entire 766
contents of the portfolio to the Committee on Tenure and Promotion for their review and 767
recommendation. The dean shall also provide the candidate with a copy of his or her 768
letter of recommendation for or against tenure. The Committee on Tenure and Promotion 769
shall review all materials submitted. The final recommendation by the Committee on 770
Tenure and Promotion should be submitted to the CAO by March 15. 771
772
The candidate can at any time rebut the recommendations made by the tenured members 773
of the academic unit, the division chair or comparable unit administrator, or the dean. 774
Rebuttals from the candidate should be submitted within five business days of their 775
receiving the recommendation at each level and will be added to the portfolio prior to 776
moving to the next level. The CAO shall use all portfolio materials and recommendations 777
(favorable or unfavorable) from the tenured members of the unit, the unit administrator, 778
the dean, and the Committee on Tenure and Promotion, in addition to any rebuttals from 779
the candidate when making a final decision on tenure. The final recommendation by the 780
CAO shall be provided to the candidate by April 15. The CAO shall then make 781
recommendations to the president. A copy of all documents used in the tenure-granting 782
process shall be retained by the CAO for a period of three years from the time of the 783
decision and then returned to the candidate. 784
785
Section 5. Granting Tenure 786
787
Upon the positive recommendation of the president, final approval for tenure decisions is 788
made by the Board of Trustees during the spring. Tenure goes into effect with approval of 789
the Board of Trustees. There is no tenure, absent approval of the Board of Trustees. 790
791
Section 6. Continuation of Tenure 792
793
A faculty member who has earned tenure continues to hold it so long as three conditions 794
continue to be met: 795
796
the faculty member maintains and demonstrates professional competence; 797
the faculty member adheres to legal and ethical standards; 798
the faculty member's position is not terminated due to financial exigency. 799
800
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{00362842 1 } 19
The lapse of one or more of these conditions may result in the loss of tenure. 801
802
Although not necessarily, loss of tenure (based on Section 7 below) may mean immediate 803
dismissal. Employment may be continued on probationary terms to be set by the CAO. 804
Tenure may be reinstated on terms to be set by the CAO in consultation with the 805
Committee on Tenure and Promotion. For specifics regarding loss of tenure and 806
notification of said loss (see Part Two, Article IX). 807
808
Section 7. Post-Tenure Review 809
810
During the fifth year after receiving tenure, and every fifth year of service thereafter, a 811
tenured faculty member shall undergo a post-tenure review. This review shall be 812
conducted jointly by the division chair or comparable unit administrator and the dean. For 813
their review they shall use annual evaluations, faculty activity reports, teaching 814
evaluations, and other documentation at their disposal covering the previous five-year 815
period. The member being evaluated shall provide a current curriculum vitae and goals 816
for the next five years in the areas of teaching, professional development and scholarship 817
(e.g. research and creative activities), and service, and shall be allowed to present 818
additional documentation. No portfolio is required of the faculty member. 819
820
The purpose of post-tenure review is to maintain and improve faculty performance, and 821
should not to be construed as a punitive device. The basic standard for appraisal shall be 822
whether the faculty member under review discharges his or her duties conscientiously 823
and with professional competence. 824
825
The faculty member does not bear the burden to justify retention. Furthermore, the dean 826
and division chair must both agree and demonstrate that there are serious deficiencies in 827
the overall performance of the faculty member to warrant the sanction of a post-tenure 828
probationary period. 829
830
If, on the basis of this review, the division chair or unit administrator and the dean find 831
that the faculty member's performance is unacceptable, the dean after consultation with 832
the faculty member shall recommend to the CAO that the faculty member be given a 833
probationary period of three years in which to improve his or her performance. Criteria 834
for acceptable improvement shall be detailed in writing and thoroughly discussed with 835
and understood by the faculty member. Failure to meet these criteria by the end of the 836
probationary period may constitute grounds for removal of a tenured faculty member 837
under the provisions of Part Two, Article IX, Section 3. All pertinent materials used in 838
the evaluation shall be retained by the dean for a period of five years. 839
840
Section 8. Appeal 841
842
Should a faculty member disagree with the application of one or more of the provisions 843
outlined in this article, he or she may submit a written appeal to the chair of the 844
Committee on Academic Freedom and Grievance. 845
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 20
846
847
ARTICLE III 848
849
NEW FACULTY APPOINTMENTS 850
851
Section 1. Filling a Vacancy 852
853
When the division chair or unit administrator, in consultation with the dean and the CAO, 854
determines a vacancy in a department exists, the chair shall, with the dean and CAO’s 855
approval, appoint a search committee. Prior to the search, the rank and salary range of the 856
position shall be recommended to the CAO by the appropriate dean. The CAO shall 857
inform the division chair or unit administrator and the search committee of the salary 858
range. The search committee shall consist of at least three but no more than five faculty 859
members, one of whom should be tenured. The division chair, comparable unit 860
administrator, or academic dean shall not serve on the committee. Where faculty size in 861
the unit permits, the chair of the search committee shall be from the discipline in which 862
the vacancy exists, and the majority of committee members shall be from that discipline. 863
Other committee members may be from outside the discipline and one member may be 864
from outside the college. The search committee shall make an appropriate search to select 865
and rank the candidates who seem best qualified to fill the needs of the department. After 866
preliminary discussions with the top candidates about rank, salary range, and other 867
pertinent information, the chair of the search committee shall invite a minimum of two 868
but generally the top three candidates to the campus for interviews. 869
870
Section 2. Conducting a Search 871
872
Members of the faculty and administration shall interview the candidates, determine their 873
suitability, and report to the chair of the search committee. The search committee shall 874
then rank the acceptable candidates and the chair of the committee shall inform the 875
division chair or unit administrator of the committee’s decision. The division chair or unit 876
administrator shall then forward to the dean the committee’s rankings and 877
recommendation. If the administration and the search committee cannot reach agreement 878
on a candidate, all parties shall meet to seek consensus. 879
880
Section 3. Appointment of a Faculty Member 881
882
After a candidate has been selected, the dean of the college, in consultation with the 883
CAO, shall offer the individual a contract which stipulates rank, salary, teaching load, 884
and complete information concerning tenure expectations and eligibility. The candidate 885
will be given an appropriate time -frame in which to respond. If the contract is not 886
accepted, the search committee shall be consulted before another candidate is offered a 887
contract or the search is suspended 888
889
890
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 21
ARTICLE IV 891
892
RANK AND PROMOTION 893
894
Section 1. Evaluation for Promotion - Procedure 895
896
An eligible faculty member who wishes to be considered for promotion shall submit two 897
copies of her/his promotion portfolio to the division chair or comparable unit 898
administrator no later than October 15. Evaluation of individuals for promotion will be 899
done by the division chair or unit administrator, the dean, the Committee on Tenure and 900
Promotion, the CAO, and the president. Prior to December 1, the division chair or 901
appropriate unit administrator shall submit all supporting documents to the dean. The 902
division chair or comparable unit administrator shall also provide the candidate with a 903
copy of his/her letter of recommendation for or against promotion. 904
905
By January 15, the dean shall submit his or her recommendation, along with the entire 906
contents of the portfolio, to the Committee on Tenure and Promotion for their review and 907
recommendation. The dean shall also provide the candidate with a copy of his or her 908
letter of recommendation for or against promotion. The Committee on Tenure and 909
Promotion shall review all materials submitted and make their recommendation for or 910
against promotion to the CAO by March 15. A copy of their recommendation will be 911
made available to the candidate by the CAO. The candidate can at any time rebut 912
recommendations made by the division chair or comparable unit administrator, the dean, 913
or the Committee on Tenure and Promotion. Rebuttals from the candidate should be 914
submitted within five business days of their receiving the recommendation and will be 915
added to the portfolio. The CAO shall use all portfolio materials and recommendations 916
(favorable or unfavorable) from the unit administrator, the dean, and the Committee on 917
Tenure and Promotion. The CAO shall then make recommendations to the president. A 918
copy of all documents used in the promotion-granting process shall be retained by the 919
CAO for a period of three years from the time of the decision and then returned to the 920
faculty member. 921
922
Section 2. Evaluation for Promotion - Criteria 923
924
Advancement from one academic rank to the next is determined for each individual in 925
accordance with standards and procedures developed by faculty and administration and is 926
based upon academic credentials, years of service at Jacksonville University and other 927
academic institutions, and achievement in the areas of teaching, scholarship (e.g. research 928
and creative activities), professional development, and service to the university. 929
930
Section 3. Category and Rank – General Description 931
932
To teach in a discipline, individuals of all categories and ranks must be at least 933
academically qualified according to the accreditation criteria of the Southern Association 934
of Colleges and Schools and criteria of the respective college’s accrediting bodies. 935
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 22
936
a. Faculty positions at Jacksonville University fall into one of the following 937
categories: 938
939
Adjunct (Part Time) Faculty- This position is appropriate for part-time faculty 940
members who are assigned class-related responsibilities only. Adjuncts normally 941
teach no more than half-time and on course-by-course contracts. This is a non-942
tenure-track position. 943
944
Visiting Faculty – These positions are appropriate as full-time teaching positions 945
on a temporary basis. The individual may hold rank. Visiting Faculty are normally 946
awarded one-year contracts. Visiting appointments cannot be extended beyond an 947
individual's third year of employment at Jacksonville University. This is a non-948
tenure-track position. Visiting faculty positions can be converted to a tenure-track 949
faculty position with the express approval of the faculty within the appropriate 950
academic unit, the division chair or administrative chair, the dean, and the CAO. 951
952
Non-Tenure-Track Faculty – This position is appropriate when an individual is 953
selected to fulfill particular institutional needs and with the express approval of 954
the faculty within the appropriate academic unit. This is a full-time faculty 955
position. The individual may hold rank, is eligible for promotion, and may serve 956
in such capacities as instructor, clinical assistant, associate or full professor, artist 957
in residence, lecturer or senior lecturer, librarian, or endowed chairs. This is a 958
non-tenure-track position with variable terms and contracts are typically renewed 959
annually. If the contract is not to be renewed, then the timeline must be followed 960
as indicated in Article VIII. A combination of administrative feedback, 961
mentoring, and time for the faculty member to refocus teaching and research 962
efforts seems in order. 963
964
Tenure-Track Faculty – This position is a full-time faculty position. The 965
individual will hold rank and is eligible for promotion. This is a tenure-track 966
position and contracts are issued typically annually. 967
968
b. Rank shall be determined at the time of hire. To advance from one rank to 969
another, faculty members shall go through the proper application process outlined 970
in Part Two, Article IV. Full-time faculty at Jacksonville University may hold the 971
following ranks: 972
973
Assistant Professor - An individual holding this rank should demonstrate high 974
potential to excel in the three areas of evaluation. Generally, a terminal degree in 975
the area in which the individual teaches is required. 976
977
Associate Professor – An individual holding this rank typically holds a terminal 978
degree in the area in which the individual teaches. The individual must have 979
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 23
demonstrated the ability to excel in the three areas of evaluation. The individual 980
must have completed a minimum of five years of full time college-level teaching 981
at the time of application. Two of the five years must be completed at 982
Jacksonville University. These requirements apply in the case of promotion. 983
However, the university administration can bring in a faculty member at any rank. 984
985
Professor - An individual holding this rank must have demonstrated excellence in 986
the three areas of evaluation. A terminal degree in the area in which the individual 987
teaches is required. The individual must have completed a minimum of ten years 988
of full-time college-level teaching at the time of application. At least five of the 989
ten years must be completed at Jacksonville University. These requirements apply 990
in the case of promotion. The university administration can, however, at the time 991
of hire bring in a faculty member at any rank. 992
993
Emeritus – Emeritus faculty are retired Jacksonville University faculty who have 994
previously held tenure at Jacksonville University. “Emeritus faculty” is an 995
honorary title which does not carry teaching or other duties, but which may entitle 996
the holder access to certain college resources and facilities, if available. Faculty 997
can be nominated or apply for this status. Nominations and applications are made 998
to the CAO. 999
1000
1001
Section 4. Salary Increases 1002
1003
In addition to any across the board and cost of living adjustments, salary increases shall 1004
be made on the basis of rank and merit. Recommendations for merit raises can be made 1005
by the CAO, on the basis of the academic dean's recommendation to the CAO, the 1006
division chair or comparable unit administrator’s report, and other relevant factors. 1007
1008
1009
ARTICLE V 1010
1011
SELECTION OF DIVISION CHAIRS AND COMPARABLE UNIT 1012
ADMINISTRATORS 1013
1014
Section 1. Search Committee 1015
1016
When a vacancy appears or is expected in a division chair or comparable unit 1017
administrator’s position, the academic dean or CAO (as appropriate) will provide 1018
advance notice to the division or unit concerned. The division or unit will elect a search 1019
committee consisting of three faculty with an option by secret ballot. Membership on the 1020
committee shall not be considered a deterrent to selection as division chair or unit 1021
administrator. The incumbent division chair or unit administrator shall not be a member 1022
of this committee. 1023
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 24
1024
Section 2. Candidate Selection 1025
1026
Following the election of the search committee, names of interested tenured faculty 1027
members within the division or unit shall be submitted to the committee. A ballot shall be 1028
given to the faculty. The committee shall keep the results of the vote confidential. 1029
1030
Section 3. Recommendations 1031
1032
The search committee shall send its recommendation to the academic dean. If the college 1033
dean chooses to accept one of the recommended candidates, this candidate shall be 1034
recommended to the CAO. If the academic dean does not accept any of the candidates, 1035
the academic dean and the committee shall meet in an effort to reach consensus. 1036
1037
Section 4. Appointment 1038
1039
The division chair or comparable unit administrator shall be appointed by the CAO upon 1040
recommendation by the academic dean. The appointment shall be for a term of four 1041
academic years, or for three and a fraction if the appointment occurs during an academic 1042
year. 1043
1044
It is the responsibility of all division chairs to distribute accurate and appropriate 1045
information to their constituencies. A division chair or comparable unit administrator 1046
may be reappointed for additional terms by the academic dean and reviewed by the CAO. 1047
The procedures of Article V, Sections 1-4, shall be followed for reappointments. 1048
1049
In the case of an unexpected vacancy or in case of a deadlock, the CAO may appoint an 1050
acting division chair or comparable unit administrator to serve until the above procedures 1051
can be fully implemented. Such acting appointments shall normally remain in effect a 1052
maximum of one year. 1053
1054
Section 5. Evaluation 1055
1056
A division chair or comparable unit administrator shall be evaluated annually by the 1057
division/unit. Evaluations shall be forwarded to the dean. 1058
1059
Section 6. Remuneration 1060
1061
The remuneration of division chairs or comparable unit administrator in the form of 1062
reduced teaching load or in other ways shall be determined by the dean and the CAO. 1063
1064
Section 7. Department Chairs 1065
1066
When a division chair, academic dean, and the CAO determine a need exists to establish 1067
a department within a division or a school, a chair shall be appointed by the division chair 1068
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 25
or unit administrator and academic dean. The department chair shall report to the division 1069
chair or appropriate unit administrator, who with the approval of the dean shall determine 1070
the role and function of the department chair. The department shall be maintained as long 1071
as the division chair, academic dean, and the CAO determine the need exists. The 1072
remuneration of department chairs, in the form of reduced teaching load or in other ways, 1073
shall be determined by the dean and CAO. 1074
1075
Section 8. Removal 1076
1077
A division chair, comparable unit administrator, or department chair may be removed 1078
from the position of chair by the CAO after consultation with the academic dean and the 1079
tenured members of the division, or appropriate unit, or department. Such removal shall 1080
not affect the chair's or unit administrator’s tenure or position as a member of the faculty. 1081
1082
ARTICLE VI 1083
1084
SELECTION OF THE CHIEF ACADEMIC OFFICER AND ACADEMIC DEANS 1085
1086
1087
Section 1. Chief Academic Officer 1088
1089
a. Search Committee 1090
1091
When a vacancy occurs or is expected in the position of CAO, a faculty search 1092
committee shall be established. The search committee shall conduct a national 1093
search to select and rank the candidates who seem best qualified. The committee 1094
shall make recommendations on the candidates to the president. 1095
1096
Should the University decide to add, remove, or replace positions in Academic 1097
Affairs (e.g., Vice, Assistant- or Associate-CAO positions), the faculty should be 1098
consulted as outlined in Part I, Article II, c, regarding both the creation of any 1099
new position and who shall fill it. 1100
1101
b. The CAO search committee shall include two elected representatives from each 1102
college. The chair of the faculty shall serve on and chair the search committee. 1103
Half of the committee’s membership shall be tenured faculty. 1104
1105
Should the chair of the faculty be a candidate, the individual shall withdraw from 1106
the search committee and be replaced by the vice chair of the faculty. Should the 1107
vice chair of the faculty also be a candidate, the secretary of the Faculty will 1108
replace the vice chair on the committee. 1109
1110
b. Candidate Selection 1111
1112
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 26
Candidates shall be interviewed by the faculty search committee, by the members 1113
of the faculty, and by the administration. Members of the faculty who interview 1114
the candidate shall report their views to the search committee. The search 1115
committee shall recommend acceptable nominees directly to the president. 1116
1117
c. Appointment 1118
1119
If the president is considering to appoint a CAO against the recommendations of 1120
the committee, the president shall meet with the committee and justify the reasons 1121
for the appointment. 1122
1123
The president, after discussion with the Executive Committee of the Faculty, may 1124
appoint an interim CAO, if necessary, until the procedures of this article result in 1125
an appointment. If a college is not represented on the Executive Committee of the 1126
Faculty, a representative shall be selected by the chair of the faculty to participate 1127
in the discussions between the Executive Committee of the Faculty and the 1128
president. 1129
1130
Interim appointments shall normally be for one calendar year. In the event it is 1131
necessary to extend the appointment, the president will confer in advance with the 1132
chair of the faculty and the Executive Committee. Extensions will normally not be 1133
made past one additional year. 1134
1135
d. Evaluation 1136
1137
The CAO shall be evaluated annually by the Faculty, as directed by Human 1138
Resources. Evaluations shall be forwarded to the president. 1139
1140
Section 2. Academic Deans 1141
1142
a. Search Committee 1143
1144
When a vacancy occurs or is expected in the position of an academic dean, a 1145
faculty search committee shall be established. The search committee shall conduct 1146
a national search to select and rank the candidates who seems best qualified. The 1147
committee shall make recommendations on the candidates to the CAO. Should the 1148
University decide to add assistant- or associate-dean positions, the faculty in the 1149
college should be consulted as outlined in Part I, Article II, c, regarding both the 1150
creation of any new position and who shall fill it. Additionally, when replacing 1151
Assistant or Associate Deans, the faculty in the college should be consulted. 1152
1153
The committee shall be composed of at least five and no more than seven elected 1154
representatives from the unit under the dean’s jurisdiction and the chair of the 1155
faculty. Half of the committee’s membership shall be tenured faculty. The 1156
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 27
committee should broadly represent the unit. The chair of the faculty shall preside 1157
over the search committee. 1158
1159
Should the chair of the faculty be a candidate, the individual shall withdraw from 1160
the search committee and be replaced by the vice chair of the faculty. Should the 1161
vice chair of the faculty also be a candidate or for any reason is unable to serve, 1162
the committee shall then elect one of its members to serve as chair. 1163
1164
b. Candidate Selection 1165
1166
Candidates shall be interviewed by the faculty search committee, by the members 1167
of the faculty, and by the administration. Members of the faculty who interview 1168
the candidate shall report their views to the search committee. The search 1169
committee shall recommend directly to the CAO, who shall inform the president 1170
of the committee’s recommendation, as well as his/her recommendation. 1171
1172
c. Appointment 1173
1174
If the president appoints (or announces the planned appointment of) a dean 1175
against the wishes of a majority of the committee, the president shall meet with 1176
the committee and justify the reasons for the appointment. 1177
1178
The president, after discussion with the CAO and Executive Committee of the 1179
Faculty, may appoint an interim dean, if necessary, until the procedures of this 1180
article result in an appointment. If the college is not represented on the Executive 1181
Committee of the Faculty, a representative from that college shall be selected by 1182
the chair of the faculty to participate in the discussions between the Executive 1183
Committee of the Faculty and the president. 1184
1185
Interim appointments shall normally be for one calendar year. In the event it is 1186
necessary to extend the appointment, the president will confer in advance with the 1187
chair of the faculty. Extensions will not be made past one additional year. 1188
1189
d. Evaluation 1190
1191
All deans shall be evaluated annually by the appropriate college faculty. Evaluations shall 1192
be administered by Human Resources and results forwarded to the CAO. 1193
1194
ARTICLE VII 1195
1196
SELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY 1197
1198
1199
Section 1. Search Committee 1200
1201
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 28
The faculty recommends that when selecting a new president of the University, the chair 1202
of the faculty be a member of the search committee created by the Board of Trustees. 1203
Additionally, the faculty recommends that four tenured faculty members, one elected by 1204
secret ballot within each college, shall serve on the search committee. 1205
1206
Section 2. Faculty Views 1207
1208
When a candidate for the presidency is brought to the campus, the faculty recommends it 1209
be given the opportunity to interview the candidate and report their views to a faculty 1210
representative of the search committee. 1211
1212
1213
ARTICLE VIII 1214
1215
TERMINATION OF A NON-TENURED FULL-TIME APPOINTMENT 1216
1217
Termination of a non-tenured full-time (tenure-track or non-tenure-track, including 1218
Visiting Professors) appointment can occur when, following appropriate review, 1219
evaluation, and communication with the faculty member, it is judged that the faculty 1220
member is failing to fulfill the terms, conditions, and expectations of their appointment, 1221
or for financial exigency, professional incompetence, or cause. 1222
1223
Terminated faculty members alleging that the decision not to reappoint violated due 1224
process [as outlined in these bylaws or in the procedures developed by the administration 1225
and faculty (see Part Two, Article II, Section 1)] or was based upon discriminatory or 1226
prejudicial treatment may request review by the Committee on Academic Freedom and 1227
Grievance. The petitioning faculty member shall have the burden of introducing evidence 1228
sufficient to support a decision that the non-renewal resulted from a failure to follow due 1229
process or that the decision was based upon discriminatory or prejudicial facts and 1230
reasons. Review on appeal shall be limited to these areas of consideration. 1231
1232
Notice of non-reappointment will be given in writing in accordance with the following: 1233
a. For a full-time faculty member who has served less than one academic year, 1234
notice shall be given not later than March 1 of that academic year. 1235
b. For a full-time faculty member who has served more than one academic year, 1236
notice shall be given by December 15 of the current academic year. 1237
c. For a full-time faculty member who has served two or more academic years, 1238
notice of a terminal contract shall be given no later than September 1 of the 1239
terminal year. 1240
1241
In cases of removal for cause, and only if immediate harm to the individual or others is 1242
threatened by continuance, the faculty member shall be temporarily suspended by the 1243
president after consultation with the Committee on Academic Freedom and Grievance, or 1244
assigned to other duties in lieu of suspension. Temporary suspension is appropriate only 1245
pending a hearing. Salary shall not be withheld during the period of temporary 1246
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 29
suspensions. 1247
1248
ARTICLE IX 1249
1250
TERMINATION OF A TENURED FACULTY MEMBER 1251
1252
Section 1. Reasons for Termination 1253
1254
Termination of a tenured faculty member’s position may be effected by the University 1255
only for financial exigency, for professional incompetence, or for cause, but not to 1256
restrain his or her academic freedom. 1257
1258
Section 2. Financial Exigency 1259
1260
Prior to a declaration of financial exigency by the University which could result in the 1261
termination of a faculty member's position, the Planning and Budget Committee must 1262
participate in the decision that a condition of financial exigency exists or is imminent. In 1263
such situations, after full justification is presented to the Faculty Assembly at a formal 1264
meeting, faculty reduction may take place. 1265
1266
When reduction for financial exigency is justified, it shall be done in the following order: 1267
1268
Non-tenured faculty members: Annual evaluations shall be used as criteria. 1269
Tenured faculty members within the unit or division shall meet and forward a 1270
recommendation to be forwarded to the division chair or appropriate unit 1271
administrator. The dean, in consultation with the division chair or unit 1272
administrator, when appropriate, shall make final recommendation to the CAO. 1273
1274
Tenured faculty members: Reduction among tenured faculty members may then 1275
take place on the basis of consistency with the University’s mission and vision. 1276
The annual evaluations, departmental needs, University needs, and the 1277
recommendations of the division chairs or comparable unit administrator, deans, 1278
and CAO shall be used as criteria. Efforts shall be made prior to termination to 1279
place the faculty member in an appropriate position. 1280
1281
A tenured appointment terminated due to financial exigency shall not be filled by a 1282
replacement for three years, unless the released faculty member has first been offered the 1283
reappointment in writing and given a reasonable time to accept or decline it. 1284
1285
If questions arise about the financial survivability of the institution and the need to 1286
eliminate entire programs and departments, the Planning and Budget Committee, the 1287
Curriculum Committee, the Core Curriculum Committee, and the Executive Committee 1288
shall meet jointly to form recommendations to make to the CAO. 1289
1290
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 30
Section 3. Removal for Professional Incompetence 1291
1292
Removal for professional incompetence may result after a tenured faculty member, 1293
placed on probation for two consecutive years following a post-tenure review, fails to 1294
make documented progress towards fulfilling the criteria for a successful review (see Part 1295
Two, Article II, Section 7) as indicated in annual evaluations with her/his unit head. The 1296
faculty member will be supported throughout this process with a combination of 1297
committed administrative feedback, mentorship, and opportunity to fulfill the criteria. 1298
1299
The University Committee on Tenure and Promotion may review the Faculty Annual 1300
Activity Reports or FAAR(s) and annual evaluation(s) upon request of the faculty 1301
member and submit a recommendation supporting or not supporting the unit head’s 1302
findings to the CAO. If the faculty member is still deemed unsuccessful by his/her unit 1303
head at the end of the two-year probationary period, notice of termination must follow the 1304
time guidelines set forth in Article VIII category c. Under these conditions, a final 1305
recommendation supporting or not supporting the termination decision will be submitted 1306
by the Committee on Tenure and Promotion to the CAO. 1307
1308
Section 4. Removal for Cause - Due Process 1309
1310
With the exception of discrimination and harassment cases, removal for cause must be 1311
based upon greater weight of the evidence that the faculty member should not continue to 1312
fulfill the terms and conditions of his or her appointment. 1313
1314
In the case of removal for cause, the termination procedure must guarantee due process 1315
and shall be preceded by these steps: 1316
1317
Discussions between the faculty member and the CAO looking toward a mutual 1318
settlement. 1319
1320
2) A full hearing by the Committee on Tenure and Promotion. If termination is 1321
considered too severe, the committee shall recommend to the president at the 1322
conclusion of its hearing one of the following: dismissal of charges, written 1323
reprimand placed in the permanent file, probation, suspension with or without 1324
pay, reduction in pay, or reduction in rank. The proceeding shall be kept 1325
confidential. 1326
1327
3) The president may accept the Committee's recommendation, reject it, or refer it 1328
back for reconsideration in light of new evidence or hearing irregularities. Prior to 1329
the final decision being rendered, the president or the faculty member may initiate 1330
a mutual meeting. 1331
1332
Section 5. Removal for Cause – Discretionary Suspension 1333
1334
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 31
Pending the final decision, and only if immediate harm to the individual or others is 1335
threatened by continuance, the faculty member shall be temporarily suspended by the 1336
president after consultation with the Committee on Tenure and Promotion, or assigned to 1337
other duties in lieu of suspension. Temporary suspension is appropriate only pending a 1338
hearing. Salary shall not be withheld during the period of temporary suspension. 1339
1340
Section 6. Termination Contingencies 1341
1342
Upon termination for cause and upon recommendation of the Committee on Tenure and 1343
Promotion or of the president after consultation with the Committee on Tenure and 1344
Promotion, salary may be continued for a period not to exceed 12 months. 1345
1346
Section 7. Regarding Administrators with Faculty Rank 1347
1348
The regulations in this Article shall apply to administrative personnel who hold faculty 1349
rank, but not in their capacity as administrators. 1350
1351
1352
ARTICLE X 1353
1354
OUTSIDE EMPLOYMENT AND LEAVES OF ABSENCE 1355
1356
Section 1. Outside Employment 1357
1358
Individuals accepting full-time faculty employment at Jacksonville University recognize 1359
that their primary professional responsibility is to the fulfillment of their obligations to 1360
Jacksonville University. Full-time faculty engaged in outside employment shall inform 1361
their immediate supervisor of such employment, make certain that this outside 1362
employment does not represent a conflict of interest with employment at the University, 1363
and not accept an employment schedule that could or does present a conflict with duties 1364
and responsibilities as full-time employees of the University. Declarations of outside 1365
employment will be requested by the CAO’s office by May 15 and must be submitted to 1366
the CAO’s office by July 1 of each year. 1367
1368
Section 2. Leaves Without Pay (Unpaid Sabbaticals) 1369
1370
Leaves without pay may be granted upon written request to the division chair or 1371
comparable unit administrator who shall forward a recommendation to the dean, and then 1372
to the CAO. Such leaves do not count toward accumulation of time for tenure 1373
appointment, although a tenure appointment already granted is not affected by such leave. 1374
1375
Section 3. Leaves With Pay (Paid Sabbaticals) 1376
1377
When financially feasible, the University shall provide for leaves of absence with pay. 1378
The faculty member must be tenured at the time of application. The faculty member may 1379
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 32
apply for one semester at full-pay, or two semesters at half-pay, or two semesters at full 1380
pay with half-time teaching load. A faculty member becomes eligible to apply for leave 1381
with pay after a minimum of five consecutive years of service at Jacksonville University. 1382
Faculty will submit a proposal outlining their plan to the division chair or comparable 1383
unit administrator and to the Faculty Affairs Committee a full year prior to the leave start 1384
date. No more than ten percent of the eligible faculty members may be awarded leaves 1385
with pay during any given semester. A faculty member may reapply for subsequent 1386
leaves after five additional years of service, not including the year on leave. Faculty 1387
receiving leaves with pay are expected to return to their full-time teaching positions. 1388
1389
In order to be considered for compensated professional leave, a faculty member must 1390
submit a written statement of plans for scholarly work that can be expected to enhance 1391
the individual’s professional development and the academic reputation of Jacksonville 1392
University, and which can justify the length of the leave time requested. Examples of 1393
such work include, but are not limited to, scholarly activities (e.g. research and creative 1394
activity), and continuing education. Requests for leaves with pay require recommendation 1395
by the Faculty Affairs Committee, the division chair or comparable unit administrator, 1396
the academic dean, and the CAO. Upon completion of the period of leave the faculty 1397
member shall describe their activities in their faculty annual activities report. 1398
1399
Time spent by a faculty member on leave with pay shall be credited toward years of 1400
service on the same basis as if the faculty member were in residence at Jacksonville 1401
University. 1402
1403
On written request, special assignment with pay may be granted by the CAO for 1404
scholarly or professional work beneficial to the academic reputation of the University. 1405
1406
1407
PART THREE: ADOPTION AND APPROVAL OF 1408
THE BYLAWS 1409
1410
ARTICLE I 1411
1412
PROCEDURE FOR AMENDMENT OF THESE BYLAWS 1413
1414
Section 1. Presentation 1415
1416
Proposed amendments may be presented in writing to the Faculty Assembly at any 1417
regular meeting. Proposed amendments may be initiated by petition of ten percent or 1418
more of the members of the Faculty Assembly or by any standing committee. 1419
1420
Section 2. Adoption 1421
1422
After presentation, a properly proposed amendment shall be voted on by the Faculty 1423
Assembly at the next regular meeting or at a regular meeting designated by the chair of 1424
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 33
the faculty. Acceptance shall be by two-thirds majority of those voting on the proposal. 1425
Adopted amendments shall be forwarded by the chair of the faculty to the CAO, and then 1426
to the president for approval and forwarding to the Board of Trustees for approval. 1427
1428
Section 3. Effective Date 1429
1430
Any approved amendment shall take effect upon approval by the Board of Trustees. 1431
1432
1433
ARTICLE II 1434
1435
AUTHORITY OF THESE BYLAWS 1436
1437
Subject to the Charter of the University and the Bylaws of the Board of Trustees, which 1438
shall prevail in the event of conflict, these bylaws shall take precedence over publications 1439
and regulations which pertain or refer to these bylaws. 1440
1441
1442
ARTICLE III 1443
1444
METHOD OF ADOPTION 1445
1446
Section 1. Approval 1447
1448
These bylaws shall become effective upon approval by the faculty, the CAO, the 1449
President, and the Board of Trustees. 1450
1451
a. Presentation: These bylaws shall be formally presented at a regularly scheduled 1452
meeting of the Faculty Assembly. 1453
1454
b. Faculty Approval: Approval by the Faculty Assembly shall occur upon two-thirds 1455
majority vote of those present at the meeting. 1456
1457
c. Approval by the Administration and the Board of Trustees: Upon approval by the 1458
faculty these bylaws shall be submitted to the CAO, then the president. Upon the 1459
president’s approval, the president shall submit these bylaws to the Board of 1460
Trustees for approval. 1461
1462
d. Effective Date: These bylaws shall take effect immediately upon approval by the 1463
Board of Trustees. 1464
1465
1466
Note: These articles constitute rules established by Jacksonville University to govern the 1467
personnel and contractual affairs of the faculty. The President (or his/her designee) has 1468
the authority to promulgate workplace policies and procedures on the operation of the 1469
Jacksonville University Faculty Bylaws Amended and Restated: Effective July 1, 2019
{00362842 1 } 34
University or as otherwise required by law and nothing in these bylaws should be 1470
construed as limiting the President’s authority in this regard. 1471
[end document] 1472