Post on 03-Jun-2018
transcript
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
1/58
50YearsofBiometricResearch:Almost
The Solved,The
Unsolved,
and
The
Unexplored
MichiganStateUniversity
June5,2013
1
KeynoteTalkDeliveredattheInternationalConf.onBiometrics,Madrid,Spain,June5,2013
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
2/58
50YearsofBiometricsResearch Fingerprint
M.Trauring,OntheAutomaticComparisonofFingerRidgePatterns,
Nature,vol.197,pp.938940,1963 o ce
S.Pruzansky,
Pattern
Matching
Procedure
for
Automatic
Talker
Recognition, J.AcousticSocietyofAmerica,vol.35,pp.354358,1963 W.W.Bledsoe,ManMachineFacialRecognition,Tech.Report
PRI
22,
Panoramic
Res.
Inc.,
1966 . ,
RecognitionofHumanFaces,DoctoralDissertation,KyotoUniversity,1973
Handgeometry
R.H.Ernst,HandIDSystem,USPatentNo.3576537,1971 Iris
L.Flom andA.Safir,IrisRecognitionSystem,USPatent4641349A,1987 J.G.Daugman,HighConfidenceVisualRecognitionofPersonsbyaTestof
StatisticalIndependence,IEEETrans.PAMI,vol.15,pp.11481160,19931960s:BeginningsofresearchinAI,patternrecognition&imageprocessing2
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
3/58
IdentificationforDevelopment:TheBiometricsRevolution
identificationprogramsintheLowMiddleIncomeCountries
*IdentificationforDevelopment:TheBiometricsRevolution,A.GelbandJ.Clark,CenterforGlobalDevelopment,NW,Washington
DC,WorkingPaper315,Jan.2013,http://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/1426862_file_Biometric_ID_for_Development.pdf
3
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
4/58
Objectives&Outline
Whatis
biometrics?
ow ometr csgetstarte
Whereare
we
now?
Wheredowegofromhere?
4
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
5/58
TheBiometricsConundrum
Demographics Credentials
Sensordata
Transaction Authentication
Privilege
User
Matchscore
Confidence
Recognizeaperson
by
body
traits
&
link
the
body
to
an
externally
assigned
identity
5
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
6/58
BiometricChallenge
Findarepresentation&similarity measuresuchthat
Intrasubject
similarity
is
very
high
Probe Gallery
6Similarityscore>Timpliesamatch
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
7/58
WhyBiometrics?
Security:Doesthepersonhaveapriorcriminalrecord?
Convenience:
Noneed
to
carry
credentials
(pw,
ID)
Fraud:
Is
the
credit
card
holder
the
rightful
owner? Deduplication:Oneperson,onedocument!
Palmvein
scanners
used
for
patient
registration
in
Houston
hospital
system;
2,488
patientsarenamedMariaGarciaand231ofthemhavethesamebirthdate
7http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2012/11/25/palmscannerstechnologyschools/1726175/
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
8/58
IndiasAadhaar Project
Basic demo ra hic data and biometrics
Name
Parents
Gender
1568 3647 4958
stored centrally
UID = 1568 3647 4958
DoB
PoB
Address
ngerpr n s, r ses ace mage
Central UID database
To ivethe ooranidentit
~350 million unique ID numbers have already been issued
https://portal.uidai.gov.in/uidwebportal/dashboard.do 8
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
9/58
PersonalizationApplications
Transactions
Healthcare
Veri ication
ConvenienceTravelSafety
9
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
10/58
10
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
11/58
HabitualCriminalAct(1869)
What is wanted is a means of
classifying the records of habitual
criminal, such that as soon as the
p r i s o n e r ( w h e t h e r
descri tion, measurements, marks, or photographs) are received, it may
be possible to ascertain readily, and
w t certa nty, w et er s case s nthe register, and if so, who he is. HabitualCriminalsReturnsBook
G.Pavlich,TheEmergenceofHabitualCriminalsin19thCenturyBritain:Implicationsfor
Criminology,Journal
of
Theoretical
and
Philosophical
Criminology,
2(1),
pp.
159,
2010 11
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
12/58
BertillonSystem(1882)
H.T.F.Rhodes,AlphonseBertillon:FatherofScientificDetection,Harrap,195612
Firstuseofsoftbiometricsandmultibiometrics
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
13/58
FrictionRidgePatternFrictionRidgePattern
Perhaps the most beautiful and
characteristic of all superficial marks
with the intervening ridges and theirpores that are disposed in a singularly
com lex et even order on the under
surfaces of the hands and feet., , ,
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
14/58
ThreeMostPopularBiometricTraits
Legacydatabase Legacydatabase 1:Nsearch
1:Nsearch
NISTevaluationCovert
capture
NISTevaluationHigh
accuracy
NISTevaluation
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
15/58
FingerprintRecognitionMilestones
1880
HenryFaulds
Articleonfingerprints
ublishedinNature
1963
MitchellTrauring
Firstpaperonautomatic
fin er rintmatchin
2004
DHS
USVISIT
2009
UIDAI
Indiastartedissuing
12di itUIDno.to
1901
ScotlandYard
AdoptedGalton/Henrysystemof
classification
AD600
China
1893
Argentina
1924
FBI
itsresidents
2008
FBI
1970s
FBI
contracts andlegal
documents
asforensicevidence
identificationdivision
~10002000B.C. 1892 1990s 20051997
AncientBabylon
Fingermarkonclayseal
JuanVucetich
Rolledinkonpaper
Livescantechnique
Opticalsensor
Solidstatesensor
Ultrasoundsensor
TBS
Touchless 3Dsensor
ThomsonCSF
Swipesensor
~1995
2003
USVISIT
http://www.alaskafingerprinting.com/Fingerprinting.html
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:USVISIT_(CBP).jpg
http://www.biometricdirect.net/upekeikontouchfingerprintreadereikontouch700.html
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uidaitostartinformingaadharnumbersthroughemailssmses/article2624078.ece
http://www.idex.no/technology/swipesensor/
http://www.techneology.org/2009/10/touchless3dfingerprinting.html 15
SiemensIDmouse
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
16/58
FaceRecognitionMilestones
1991
Turk & Pentland
1964
Woodrow Bledsoe
1973
Takeo Kanade
2001
Viola & Jones
2006 20091997
Belhumeur et
1999
Blanz & Vetter
Eigenface
Facerecognition
FirstFRthesis Facedetector
al.
LBP
.
Sparserep.
al.
Fisherface
Morphable face
191535mmstillcamera
1991Kodak
Digitalcamera
1024p
2000Sharp
Firstcameraphone
320p
20102013
Wearablecamera
480P@30fps
GoogleGlass
April2013
SamsungGalaxyS4
1080p@30fps
1990sSurveillancecamera
480p@30fps
Bledsoe,W.W.1964.TheModelMethodinFacialRecognition,TRPRI15,PanoramicResearch,Inc.,California. http://photodoto.com/camerahistorytimeline/
M.Turk
and
A.
Pentland, Eigenfaces for
recognition.
Journal
of
Cognitive
Neuroscience
3(1):
7186,
1991.
TakeoKanade,PictureProcessingSystembyComputerComplexandRecognitionofHumanFaces,KyotoUniv.,1973.Viola,Jones:RobustRealtimeObjectDetection,IJCV2001.
Ahonen,et al.Face
Description
with
Local
Binary
Patterns:
Application
to
Face
Recognition,
PAMI,2006.
J.Wrightetal. RobustFaceRecognitionviaSparseRepresentation,PAMI,312,2009.
http://static7.businessinsider.com/image/4d013ea7cadcbb7033010000/looxcievideocamera.jpg
http://www.techinasia.com/samsunggalaxys4infographic/
720p@30fps
Belhumeur,P.N.etal.,Eigenfaces vs.Fisherfaces:recognitionusingclassspecificlinearprojection,PAMI,197,1997.
V.Blanz andT.Vetter,Amorphable modelforthesynthesisof3Dfaces,SIGGRAPH1999.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Three_Surveillance_cameras.jpg
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
17/58
IrisRecognitionMilestones2002
USA
Useofirisrecognition
infieldoperations
2009
UIDAI
NationalID
2010
Mexico
NationalID
2011
Indonesia
NationalID
1936
FrankBurch
Conceptofusingiris
patternsforhuman
1985
Flom andSafir
1991
JohnDaugman
2001
UAE
2005
Flom andSafir
2011
JohnDaugman
Firstirisrecognition
patent
Irisrecognition
patent
1995
Deployedirisrecognition
systemforbordercontrol
Patentexpired Patentexpired
1989 20062004 2013 2013
IrisScanner System
Oneoftheearliest
commercialiriscameras
JohnDaugman
Firstiriscamera
Sarnoff
IrisontheMove
SecuriMetrics
Portableirisrecognition
device
AOptix
App&device
forsmartphone
tocaptureiris
DeltaEye
https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&tab=core&id=1d31acd78d7a20b1fe598bf4b4661d6bhttp://www.sri.com/engage/productssolutions/iompassportportalsystem
http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/16/tech/mobile/mashablebiometriciphonescanner
17
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
18/58
OtherBiometric
Traits
18
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
19/58
TraitswithLegacyDatabase
Traceevidence
Innocenceproject
RealtimeDNAmatching
~30%of
latents are
of
palmprints
FBIsNGIwill havelatentpalmprint
matchin ca abilit
Capabilityto
conduct
1:N
search 19
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
20/58
TraitsinCommercialSystems
Primarilyfor
1:1
match 20
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
21/58
TraitsinLaboratoryStage
21
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
22/58
WhichBiometric
Trait?
22
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
23/58
RequirementsofaBiometricTrait
Uniqueness(Isitdistinctiveacrossusers?)
Universality(Doeseveryuserhaveit?)
Collectability(Canitbemeasuredquantitatively?)
Userexperience(Isitacceptabletotheusers?)
Vulnerability(Can
it
be
easily
spoofed?)
Inte ration(Canitbeembeddedinthea lication?)
23Nobiometric
trait
is
optimal,
but
many
are
admissible
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
24/58
RejectedBiometricTraits
24
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
25/58
25
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
26/58
FingerprintMatching
Plaintoplainmatching . .
Latentto
rolled
matching
.
OnNISTSD27,stateoftheartrank1accuracy:~72%
C.Wilson
etal.,FingerprintVendorTechnologyEvaluation2003:SummaryofResultsandAnalysisReport,NISTIR7123,2004
M.Indovinaetal.,EvaluationofLatentFingerprintTechnologies:ExtendedFeatureSets[Evaluation#2],NISTIR7859,2012Matchingspeed:~millions/secfortenprint matchingonasingleserver
26
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
27/58
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
28/58
IrisRecognition
Irisimages
collected
from
4.3
million
eyes
(6.1
M
images)
Overthe95algorithmsevaluated,singleeyeirisfalse
negativeidentification rates(i.e.missrates)areat1.5%or
higher.Fortwoeyes,FNR=0.7%
No.offalsepositivesis25outofatotalof1013 comparisons
Pupildilation
& constriction
canimpact
iris
recognition
Templatesizevaries between1KBand20KB
http://www.nist.gov/itl/iad/ig/irexiii.cfm28
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
29/58
SpeakerRecognition
Givenatargetspeakerandatestspeechsegment,isthe
Atrial
consists
of:
Target
Speaker
ID
+Test
segment
NIST SRE12
Systems
tested 75 90
95
100
TestSegmentDuration 30300s
Number ofTrials ~2million 80
85TAR
(%)
KnownNon
Target
UnknownNonTarget
,
46,601
61,87170
1 2 30.01% 0.1% 1%
C.Greenberg
etal.,The2012NISTSpeakerRecognitionEvaluation,NISTSRE12,December11122012,Orlando,Florida
http://www.nist.gov/itl/iad/mig/sre12results.cfm 29
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
30/58
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
31/58
UnsolvedProblems
Fundamental roblems
Uniqueness(individuality)
Applicationdrivenproblems
Systemsecurity&userprivacy
Antispoofing
31
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
32/58
Uniqueness
Givena10digitPIN,no.ofuniqueidentities
thatcanberesolved=10billion
But,what
can
we
say
about
abiometric
trait?
Bodytraitvs.sensedimage
No.ofmonozygotictwinbirthrateisaboutthreeinevery1,000birthsworldwide 32
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
33/58
Persistence
Humanbody(hencebiometrictraits)willageovertime
Score=0.84 Score=0.76 Score=0.71 Score=0.58COTS
A
COTSB
33ImagesfromPCSOmugshot database;CourtesyScottMcCallum
h
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
34/58
CamerasEverywhere
1M CCTV cameras in London & 4M in U.K.; average Briton is seen by 300 cameras/day;400K cameras in Beijing provide 100% coverage of public places; 150K cameras in Seoul34
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
35/58
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
36/58
36
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
37/58
TopRetrievalRanks forTsarnaev Brothers
37
Bi t i S t V l biliti
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
38/58
BiometricSystemVulnerabilities
Insider Attacks
Enrollment FraudCollusion
Enrollment
Exception Abuse
FeatureExtraction
Verification
StoredTemplates
HillClimbing, Re
play &Man-in-the-
Middle
Spoofing &Obfuscation
Attacks
TrojanHorseAttack
TrojanHorseAttack
TemplateAttacks
Attacks
External Adversary Attacks
FakeIris Altered
Fingerprints Minutiae Reconstructed
Fingerprint
Biometric Template Protection
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
39/58
BiometricTemplateProtectionApplication A
FeatureExtraction
EnrollmentStoredTemplates
TemplateProtection
Matcher
Verification
Non-linkableNon-invertible
X
Application B
by preventing
cross-matching)
by preventing intrusion attacks)
StoredTemplates
Can we generate a non-invertible AND non-linkable biometric template
without compromising the matching accuracy?
Bi i K G i
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
40/58
BiometricKeyGeneration
Courtesy: Prof. Tyfun Agkul, Istanbul Technical University 40
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
41/58
Circumvention
Face Liveness
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
42/58
FaceLiveness
42
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
43/58
WhereisBiometricsGoin ?
Processor,memor &sensors
Ubiquitousbiometrics
Context
Privacy
Biometricsforsocietalgood
ersona za onBiometrics&forensics
43
Processor Memory and Sensing Technology
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
44/58
Processor,MemoryandSensingTechnology
Microprocessorperformancevs.cost RAMcapacityvs.cost
1892Inkandpaper
1990sOpticalsensor
1990sCapacitivesensor
1997First swipesensor
2007US
VISIT
Slapsensor2010
SAFRAN
Touchless swipesensor
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
45/58
Ubi uitousBiometrics
Biometrics will become more
holistic, where location, behavior and
recent interaction history fuse with
multimodal biometric ID (strong and
weak traits) to provide a strongassurance of identity. This degree of
inte ration is both inevitable and
necessary for ubiquitous biometrics.
CourtesyRob
Rowe,
Lumidigm 45
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
46/58
46
Google Glasses
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
47/58
GoogleGlasses
47
Privacy
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
48/58
Privacy
Cafes ban Google
glasses to protect'
Fears users of futuristic
eyewear can recordwithout permission.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article
2323578/CafesbanGoogleglassesprotectcustomers
privacyFearsusersfuturisticeyewearrecord
permission.html#ixzz2UgEfuN8F
48
Your Digital Footprint Defines You
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
49/58
YourDigitalFootprintDefinesYou
Browsing HistoryBookmarksPreferences
Your FavoriteWeb Services
Your Family& Friends
e-Transactions
Online Interaction Patterns++
W atyou do?
Home & Office Mobile
Whereyou are?
Whatyou are?
WHO YOU ARE
GPS Fingerprint:
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
50/58
GPSFingerprint:
Withjusttheanonymouslocationdata,onecanfigureoutwhoyouareby
trackingyoursmartphone.Patternsofourmovements,whentracedona
DeMontjoye,
Hidalgo,
Verleysen &
Blondel,
Unique
in
the
Crowd:
The
Privacy
Bounds
of
Human
Mobility,
Scientific
Reports,
vol.
3,
2013
map,createsomethingakintoafingerprint,uniquetoeveryperson.
50
AffectiveBiometrics
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
51/58
CourtesyProf.Tayfun Akgul,ITU
Cell Phone Science
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
52/58
CellPhoneScience(By
Bill
Gates,
Nov
09,
2010)
Most of us think of cell phones primarily as
a convenient tool to stay in touch with
people and store information. But
increasingly, scientists are exploring ways to
use cell phones to deliver critical health care
to people in developing countries.
Over1.7billionmobilephonesweresoldworldwidein2012alone
http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2335616
http://www.thegatesnotes.com/Topics/Health/CellPhone
Science 52
b l h b d
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
53/58
MobilePhonebasedVaccinationRegistry
16monthsoldboy,rightringfinger
.
redundantdosesandincreasecoveragelevelsindevelopingcountries(MarkThomas,VaxTrak)
53http://vaxtrac.com/about
Locards Exchange Principle
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
54/58
Locard s ExchangePrinciple
Edmond Locard (18771966), a pioneer in forensic
science, stated that the perpetrator of a crime will bring
something into the crime scene and leave with something from
it, and that both can be used as forensic evidence.
.. Not only his fingerprints or his footprints, but his hair, thefibers from his clothes, the glass he breaks, the tool mark heeaves, e pa n e scra c es, e oo or semen e epos s
or collects. All of these and more, bear mute witness againsthim. This is evidence that does not forget. ..Only humana ure o n , s u y an un ers an , can m n s s
value.
PaulKirk,Crimeinvestigation: physicalevidenceandthepolicelaboratory.Interscience Publishers,NY1953
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locard%27s_exchange_principle 54
A Brief History of DNA Testing
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
55/58
ABriefHistoryofDNATesting
BeforeDNA: PCR,STRsandtheOnset Mitochondrial Rapid
Testsresults
in
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
56/58
Summary&Conclusions
BiometricsRecognitionisheretostay
Researchvs.Technology
Driversforacademicresearchers:
Errorrates(butwhatsthebaseline?),new
Driversfortechnologyproviders:
Requ rements error
rates,
temp ate
size,processor,throughput),seamless, ,
56
My Observations
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
57/58
MyObservations
1. BiometricSystem:Almostalwaysembeddedinanapplication
. ome r c ra : oop ma one, u someare e er ano ers
3. MatcherAccuracy:
Zero
error
is
neither
required
nor
guaranteed
.
5. Baseline:Improperbaselineprovidesfalsesenseofprogress
.
7. BiometricTemplate:Featureextractionisnotaonewayfunction
.
9. MatchScore:Gaussiandensityisnotadvisable.Tailsarecritical
.
57
Acknowledgement
8/12/2019 Jain2013-The Solved the Unsolved and the Unexplored 50 Years of Biometric Research 50 Years of Biometrics Research
58/58
58