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Jaringan TCP/IP (Bagian I)
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Arsitektur Jaringan TCP/IP
• Lapisan 4 : Aplikasi
• Lapisan 3 : Transport
• Lapisan 2 : Internet
• Lapisan 1 : Network Interface
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Lapisan Network Interface
• en!e"iakan teknologi p#!sical "an "ata
link untuk trans$isi "i tingkat $e"ia
%#ar"ware&• e$ungkinkan trans$isi $elalui suatu
$e"iu$ 'aringan p#isik tunggal : et#ernet(
token ring( serat optik( atau )*2+
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Network Interface : ,t#ernet
A - C . ,
A0 prea$le !te .0T!pe 2 !te-0.est* A""r* !te ,0.ata 41+55 !te
C06ource A""r* !te 0C6 4 !te
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Lapisan Internet
• en!a$paikan "atagra$ "ari ko$puter satu ke
ko$puter lainn!a tanpa ergantung pa"a $e"ia
ko$unikasi !ang "igunakan
• .ata "an #ea"er lapisan transport "ifrag$entasi
%"atagra$& se#ingga "apat "iawa ole# IP
• Tiap "atagra$ "ilepas "ala$ 'aringan ke ko$puter
tu'uan %connectionless&
• 7o$puter pengiri$ ti"ak $engeta#ui apaka#
"atagra$ terseut sa$pai atau ti"ak
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%lapisan internet **** lan'utan&
• .iperlukan ala$at ko$puter tu'uan %IP a""ress&
•IP a""ress $enu'ukkan ala$at "ari suatu 'aringan"an rute infor$asi !ang "ilalui
• IP a""ress ter"iri atas 32 it %88*88*88*88&
•
7lasifikasi IP a""ressKelas Jumlah host Valid address range
per network
A 1!!!"1 1#$#$#$ % 1"#""&"&'
B &&' 1"#$#$#1 % 1*1#"&"&"&'
C "&' 1*"#$#$#1 % """#"&"&"&'
+eser,ed % ""'#$#$#$ % "&"&"&"&'
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5 N,TI. 96TI.
5 31
)* )*)*)
neti" #osti"
-it untuk i"entifikasi Ju$la#7elas
Network 9ost Network 9ost
A ; 24 12 224
- 14 1 134 ++3
C 21 221 2+
N,TI. 96TI.
1 31
)*)*
neti" #osti"
N,TI. 96TI.
24 31
)*)*)*)
neti" #osti"
1 5
1 1 5
A#
B#
C#
)*)*
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-eerapa perti$angan saat $enentukan IP a""ress :
• asing$asing logical network #arus $e$pun!ainetwork a""ress sen"irisen"iri
• 6e$ua #ost pa"a satu network #arus $e$pun!ai
network a""ress !ang sa$a• 6e$ua #ost pa"a satu network #arus $e$pun!ai
a""ress #ost !ang unik
• Jangan $enggunakan network a""ress 5 atau 12;
%untuk kelas A&( 1
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Lapisan Transport
• en'a$in ko$unikasi !ang #an"al antara
"ua ua# ko$puter !ang ter#uung
• Ter"iri atas : – TCP %Trans$ission Control Protocol&
– >.P %>ser .atagra$ Protocol&
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Lapisan Aplikasi
• ,ail %,lectronic ail&
• ?e$ote Login %Telnet&
• ile Transfer %TP&
• inger
• "ll
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9uungan I6 "an TCP/IP
I6: TCP/IP
Lapisan ungsi ungsi Lapisan
; Application
Presentation Application 4
+ 6ession
4 Transport Transport 3
3 Network Internet 2
2 .ata Link Network Interface 1
1 P#is!cal 9ar"ware
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IP AP? ?AP? ICP
TCP >.P
Aplikasi Aplikasi
9A?.@A?, INT,?AC,
7eluarga Protocol TCP/IP
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TCP %Trans$ision Control Protocol&
TCP 6er=ices
Input
strea$utput
strea$
TCP Protocol
IP 6er=ices
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• La!anan TCP $eneri$a aliran "ata secara
!te strea$
• La!anan TCP $en!e"iakan : – 6uatu en" to en" co$$unication % socket & !ang
#an"al
–Port : ala$at socket -i"irectional %full "uple8&
– Connection oriente"
– No "uplication of "ata
–
in seuence %fifo& – Infor$asi no$or port $enentukan ser=ice apa
!ang "ilakukan lapisan "iatas TCP %TP
$enggunakan port 21( telnet port 23&
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•
La!anan IP $eneri$a $essage of unit lengt#%"atagra$&
• La!anan IP $en!e"iakan :
– ?outing
– Connectionles co$$unication
– No guarantee in seuence of "eli=ere" "ata
• IP ti"ak terkait "engan suatu $e"ia fisik
• Ja"i walaupun ala$at IP $a$pu $engi"entifikasisuatu no"e "ala$ 'aringan( na$un IP ti"ak terkait
langsung "engan ala$at !ang a"a pa"a $e"ia
"i$ana no"e terseut era"a
IP %Internet Protocol&
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Internet protocol %lan'utan ****&
• TTL %ti$e to li=e& : $enentukan erapa
la$a IP isa erta#an #i"up "ala$ 'aringan*
-ila IP ti"ak isa $ene$ukan ala$attu'uan( $aka IP akan $ati "engan
sen"irin!a*
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P,NB,LLAAN JA?INBAN
• 6uatu aturan !ang "igunakan $e$onitor aktifitas
suatu ko$ponen aktif "ari 'aringan ko$puter
•
Pa"a ko$ponen 'aringan ini "ita$a#kan seua#agen %iasan!a ole# =en"or&( !ang erfungsi
$en!i$pan infor$asi tentang proses pa"a
ko$ponen terseut
• Agen akan $erespon ter#a"ap reuest "ari
$ana'er
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A?6IT,7T>? ANAJ,,N
JA?INBAN
anage$ent ,ntit!
AgentAgent Agent
Network
anage" .e=ices
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ungsi asing$asing ,ntitas %1&
• anage$ent ,ntit! :
– perator Notification
– ,=ent Logging
– 6!ste$ 6#ut"own
– Auto$atic atte$pts at s!ste$ repair
–Poll to en" station %"e=ice& auto$aticall! orwit# user reuest
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ungsi asing$asing ,ntitas %2&
• Agent :
– o"ul software !ang er#uungan "engan
suatu perangkat !ang isa $e$erikaninfor$asi tentang kea"aan %status& perangkat
terseut*
– engiri$ response atas reuest !ang "atang
"ari $anage$ent entit!*
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>NB6I >TAA ANAJ,,N
JA?INBAN
• Perfor$ance anage$ent
• Configuration anage$ent• Accounting anage$ent
• ault anage$ent
• 6ecurit! anage$ent
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Perfor$ance anage$ent
• en'aga internetwork perfor$ance pa"a
le=el !ang "apat "iteri$a
• e$peringatkan a"$inistrator untuk$eng#in"ari ter'a"in!a $asala#
• Perfor$ance =ariale :
– network t#roug#put
– response ti$e
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Configuration anage$ent %1&
• e$onitor konfigurasi siste$ "ari suatu
perangkat*
•e$u"a#kan a"$in untuk $en!elesaikan$asala# !ang $ungkin ti$ul*
• Conto# : 6uatu konfigurasi workstation
–
perating s!ste$ : .6 =ersi *5 – ,t#ernet Interface : =ersi +*4
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Configuration anage$ent %2&
• Conto# : 6uatu konfigurasi workstation
– perating s!ste$ : .6 =ersi *5
– ,t#ernet Interface : =ersi +*4
– TCP/IP software( =ersi 2*5
– .ataase 6oftware : racle =ersi : i
– 6NP software( =ersi 3*1
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Accounting anage$ent
• engukur penggunaan se$ua network
resource !ang penting*
• A"a pe$atasan %uota& "an a"a peraikan%tuning& supa!a "i"apat #asil !ang opti$al*
• Penggunaan resource "apat "i'aga sea"il
"an seopti$al $ungkin*
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ault anage$ent
• Tu'uan : $en'aga network supa!a tetap
er'alan secara efektif*
• en"eteksi : – 7esala#an
– Log
– Notif! users of
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6ecurit! anage$ent
• en'aga network "ari uni"entifie" user
access*
• eng#in"ari atau $encega# hacker
• enolak akses : inappropriate access co"e
%akses ke "ata kepegawaian ole# agian
kepegawaian&
• encega# =irus
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@#at >ser @ant ro$ Network
anage$ent %1&• Assurance of continue" en"user ser=ice
• Auto$aticall! as possile ! integrating
p#!sical an" logical network $anage$ent
• Capailit! to operate full! e=en w#en
i$portant network ele$ents #a=e faile"*
• Capailit! to $onitor an" "iagnoseunsatisfactor! con"itions in t#e entire
network
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@#at >ser @ant ro$ Network
anage$ent %2&• ?eal ti$e or near real ti$e anal!sis of
network perfor$ance*
• 6tatistics an" #istorical "ata auto$aticall!sa=e" in stan"ar" "atase*
• 6traig#tforwar" interface wit# #u$an
operator*• Increasing operations pro"ucti=it! !
controlling uantit! of staff*
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@#at >ser @ant ro$ Network
anage$ent %3&• Pro=i"ing a powerful network $anage$ent
"ataase for supporting operations(
a"$inistration( anal!sis( an" planning• .!na$ic a"aption to t#e e=er c#anging
en=iron$ent is a ke! ite$ t#at "ri=es
network $anage$ent e8pen"itures*• .!na$ic e8pansion an" reconfiguration of
network capacit! using an"wi"t#
$anage$ent tec#niues*
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@#at >ser @ant ro$ Network
anage$ent %4&• >se of one network generation source
• I$pro=e" securit! of t#e network
• Increasingl! accurate an" si$plifie"
accounting "ata
• I$ple$entation of generic applications
• Integrate" network $anage$ent
• Centraliation wit# "istriute" i$ple$entation