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Jenney’s First Year LatinLesson 21

1. Lesson 21 Vocabulary2. Numbers and Numerals:

a) Cardinal Numbersb) Roman Numeralsc) Ordinal Numbers

Lesson 21 Vocabulary

Britannia, Britaniae, f.

Britain

cēna, cēnae, f.

dinner

fenestra, fenestrae, f.

window

Graecia, Graeciae, f.

Greece

Helvētia, Helvētiae, f.

Helvetia (a part of Gaul, modern Switzerland)

iniūria, iniūriae, f.

wrong, injustice

mēnsa, mēnsae, f.

pugna, pugnae, f.

sella, sellae, f.

seat, chair

Sicilia, Siciliae, f.

Sicily

Trōia, Trōiae, f.

victōria, victōriae, f.

victory

and (alternate form of atque)

aut…aut…

either…or…

et…et…

both…and…

because

Numbers and Numerals

• as in English, there are number words and symbols (Roman numerals) to express numbers in Latin

• every number word in Latin has a corresponding Roman numeral

• numbers are technically adjectives, thus they modify nouns

• there are two “types” of numbers: cardinal and ordinal

– cardinal: one, two, three, four, etc. (used for counting)– ordinal: first, second, third, fourth, etc. (used for ranking)

Cardinal Numbers, 1-10English Latin Number Word Roman Numeral

one (1)

two (2)

three (3)

four (4)

five (5)

six (6)

seven (7)

eight (8)

nine (9)

ten (10)

one (1) ūnus, -a, -um I

two (2)

three (3)

four (4)

five (5)

six (6)

seven (7)

eight (8)

nine (9)

ten (10)

two (2) duo, duae, duo II

three (3)

four (4)

five (5)

six (6)

seven (7)

eight (8)

nine (9)

ten (10)

three (3) trēs, tria III

four (4)

five (5)

six (6)

seven (7)

eight (8)

nine (9)

ten (10)

four (4) quattuor IV

five (5)

six (6)

seven (7)

eight (8)

nine (9)

ten (10)

Cardinal Numbers, 1-10

English Latin Number Word Roman Numeral

five (5) quīnque V

six (6)

seven (7)

eight (8)

nine (9)

ten (10)

five (5) quīnque V

six (6) sex VI

seven (7)

eight (8)

nine (9)

ten (10)

five (5) quīnque V

six (6) sex VI

seven (7) septem VII

eight (8)

nine (9)

ten (10)

five (5) quīnque V

six (6) sex VI

eight (8) octō VIII

nine (9)

ten (10)

five (5) quīnque V

six (6) sex VI

nine (9) novem IX

ten (10)

five (5) quīnque V

six (6) sex VI

nine (9) novem IX

ten (10) decem X

eleven (11)

twelve (12)

thirteen (13)

fourteen (14)

fifteen (15)

sixteen (16)

seventeen (17)

eighteen (18)

nineteen (19)

twenty (20)

eleven (11) ūndecim XI

twelve (12)

thirteen (13)

fourteen (14)

fifteen (15)

sixteen (16)

seventeen (17)

eighteen (18)

nineteen (19)

twenty (20)

twelve (12) duodecim XII

thirteen (13)

fourteen (14)

fifteen (15)

sixteen (16)

seventeen (17)

eighteen (18)

nineteen (19)

twenty (20)

thirteen (13) trēdecim XIII

fourteen (14)

fifteen (15)

sixteen (16)

seventeen (17)

eighteen (18)

nineteen (19)

twenty (20)

fourteen (14) quattuordecim XIV

fifteen (15)

sixteen (16)

seventeen (17)

eighteen (18)

nineteen (19)

twenty (20)

fifteen (15) quīndecim XV

sixteen (16)

seventeen (17)

eighteen (18)

nineteen (19)

twenty (20)

sixteen (16) sēdecim XVI

seventeen (17)

eighteen (18)

nineteen (19)

twenty (20)

seventeen (17) septendecim XVII

eighteen (18)

nineteen (19)

twenty (20)

eighteen (18) duodevīgintī XVIII

nineteen (19)

twenty (20)

nineteen (19) undevīgintī XIX

twenty (20)

nineteen (19) undevīgintī XIX

twenty (20) vīgintī XX

twenty one (21)

twenty two (22)

twenty three (23)

twenty four (24)

twenty five (25)

twenty six (26)

twenty seven (27)

twenty eight (28)

twenty nine (29)

thirty (30)

twenty one (21) vīgintī ūnus XXI

twenty two (22)

twenty three (23)

twenty four (24)

twenty five (25)

twenty six (26)

twenty seven (27)

twenty eight (28)

twenty nine (29)

thirty (30)

twenty two (22) vīgintī duo XXII

twenty three (23)

twenty four (24)

twenty five (25)

twenty six (26)

twenty seven (27)

twenty eight (28)

twenty nine (29)

thirty (30)

twenty three (23) vīgintī trēs XXIII

twenty four (24)

twenty five (25)

twenty six (26)

twenty seven (27)

twenty eight (28)

twenty nine (29)

thirty (30)

twenty four (24) vīgintī quattuor XXIV

twenty five (25)

twenty six (26)

twenty seven (27)

twenty eight (28)

twenty nine (29)

thirty (30)

twenty five (25) vīgintī quīnque XXV

twenty six (26)

twenty seven (27)

twenty eight (28)

twenty nine (29)

thirty (30)

twenty six (26) vīgintī sex XXVI

twenty seven (27)

twenty eight (28)

twenty nine (29)

thirty (30)

twenty seven (27) vīgintī septem XXVII

twenty eight (28)

twenty nine (29)

thirty (30)

twenty eight (28) duodētriginta XXVIII

twenty nine (29)

thirty (30)

twenty nine (29) ūndētriginta XXIX

thirty (30)

twenty nine (29) ūndētriginta XXIX

thirty (30) triginta XXX

Other Important Cardinal Numbers English Latin Number Word Roman Numeral

forty (40)

fifty (50)

sixty (60)

seventy (70)

eighty (80)

ninety (90)

one hundred (100)

one thousand (1000)

forty (40) quadrāgintā XL

fifty (50)

sixty (60)

seventy (70)

eighty (80)

ninety (90)

one hundred (100)

one thousand (1000)

fifty (50) quinquāgintā L

sixty (60)

seventy (70)

eighty (80)

ninety (90)

one hundred (100)

one thousand (1000)

sixty (60) sexāgintā LX

seventy (70)

eighty (80)

ninety (90)

one hundred (100)

one thousand (1000)

seventy (70) septuagintā LXX

eighty (80)

ninety (90)

one hundred (100)

one thousand (1000)

eighty (80) octōgintā LXXX

ninety (90)

one hundred (100)

one thousand (1000)

ninety (90) nōnāgintā XC

one hundred (100)

one thousand (1000)

one hundred (100) centum C

one thousand (1000)

one hundred (100) centum C

one thousand (1000) mille M

N.B.: Use the pattern for 21-29 for 31-39, 41-49, etc.

Declension of the Cardinals • only unus, duo, and tres are declined (show case,

number, and gender):– ūnus, -a, -um declined like a 2-1-2 adjective, with two exceptions– duo, duae, duo are declined sort of like 2-1-2 adjectives– trēs, tria is declined like a 3rd declension adjective

• numbers 4-100 are indeclinable, aka they don’t change endings to show gender, number, and case–BUT they still modify nouns, e.g.:– quinque puerī: five boys– quinque puellārum: of five girls– ā quinque oppidīs: from five towns

Declension of Cardinals – Ūnus• ūnus, -a, -um is declined like a 2-1-2 adjective, except for

the genitive and dative singular• ūnus, -a, -um is ONLY declined in the singular, since it can

only ever describe one noun

Nom. ūnus ūna ūnumGen.

Nom. ūnus ūna ūnum

Gen. ūnīus ūnīus ūnīus

Dat. ūnī ūnī ūnī

Acc. ūnum ūnam ūnum

Abl. ūnō ūnā ūnō

Declension of Cardinals – Duo• duo, -ae, -o is declined sort of like a 2-1-2 adjective, except

in the nom. masc. & neut.; also, the dat. & abl. pl. act like fīlia, -ae, f.

• duo, -ae, -o is ONLY declined in the plural, since it can only ever describe more than one (i.e. two) of something

Nom. duo duae duo

Gen. duōrum duārum duōrum

Nom. duo duae duo

Dat. duōbus duābus duōbus

Nom. duo duae duo

Acc. duōs duās duo

Nom. duo duae duo

Acc. duōs duās duo

Abl. duōbus duābus duōbus

Declension of Cardinals – Trēs, Tria• trēs, tria is declined like a 3rd declension adjective• trēs, tria is ONLY declined in the plural, since it can only

ever describe more than one (i.e. three) of something

Nom. trēs triaGen.

Nom. trēs triaGen. trium triumDat.

Nom. trēs triaGen. trium triumDat. tribus tribusAcc.

Nom. trēs triaGen. trium triumDat. tribus tribusAcc. trēs triaAbl.

Nom. trēs triaGen. trium triumDat. tribus tribusAcc. trēs triaAbl. tribus tribus

Roman Numerals• Roman numerals follow observable patterns, e.g.:

• I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X

• XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX

• XXI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX

I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1000

Ordinal Numbers

• ordinal numbers are used to rank things, or to put them in order

• ordinals in English: first, second, third, fourth, etc.

• in Latin, a cardinal and an ordinal number will share the same Roman numeral, e.g.:

– quinque puerī = V puerī / quintus puer = V puer

• ordinal numbers are declined like 2-1-2 adjectives, with no exceptions

Ordinal Numbers, 1-10Cardinal Number Ordinal Number Roman Numeral

ūnus, -a, -um Iduo, -ae, -o II

trēs, tria IIIquattuor IVquinque V

sex VIseptem VII

octō VIIInovem IXdecem X

ūnus, -a, -um prīmus, -a, -um Iduo, -ae, -o II

sex VIseptem VII

ūnus, -a, -um prīmus, -a, -um Iduo, -ae, -o secundus, -a, -um II

sex VIseptem VII

trēs, tria tertius, -a, -um IIIquattuor IVquinque V

sex VIseptem VII

trēs, tria tertius, -a, -um IIIquattuor quārtus, -a, -um IVquinque V

sex VIseptem VII

trēs, tria tertius, -a, -um IIIquattuor quārtus, -a, -um IVquinque quīntus, -a, -um V

sex VIseptem VII

sex sextus, -a, -um VIseptem VII

sex sextus, -a, -um VIseptem septimus, -a, -um VII

octō octāvus, -a, -um VIIInovem IXdecem X

octō octāvus, -a, -um VIIInovem nōnus, -a, -um IXdecem X

octō octāvus, -a, -um VIIInovem nōnus, -a, -um IXdecem decimus, -a, -um X

ūndecim XIduodecim XIItrēdecim XIII

quattuordecim XIVquindecim XV

sēdecim XVIseptendecim XVIIduodēvīgintī XVIIIūndēvīgintī XIX

vīgintī XX

ūndecim ūndecimus XIduodecim XIItrēdecim XIII

vīgintī XX

ūndecim ūndecimus XIduodecim duodecimus XIItrēdecim XIII

vīgintī XX

ūndecim ūndecimus XIduodecim duodecimus XIItrēdecim tertius decimus XIII

vīgintī XX

quattuordecim quārtus decimus XIVquindecim XV

vīgintī XX

quattuordecim quārtus decimus XIVquindecim quīntus decimus XV

vīgintī XX

sēdecim sextus decimus XVIseptendecim XVIIduodēvīgintī XVIIIūndēvīgintī XIX

vīgintī XX

sēdecim sextus decimus XVIseptendecim septimus decimus XVIIduodēvīgintī XVIIIūndēvīgintī XIX

vīgintī XX

sēdecim sextus decimus XVIseptendecim septimus decimus XVIIduodēvīgintī duōdēvīcēsimus XVIIIūndēvīgintī XIX

vīgintī XX

sēdecim sextus decimus XVIseptendecim septimus decimus XVIIduodēvīgintī duōdēvīcēsimus XVIIIūndēvīgintī ūndēvīcēsimus XIX

vīgintī XX

sēdecim sextus decimus XVIseptendecim septimus decimus XVIIduodēvīgintī duōdēvīcēsimus XVIIIūndēvīgintī ūndēvīcēsimus XIX

vīgintī vīcēsimus XX

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